scholarly journals Variasi Jenis dan Ukuran Bahan pada Kompos Blok Berbasis Limbah Pertanian sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 085-095
Author(s):  
Elida Novita ◽  
Sri Wahyuningsih ◽  
Fila Adilia Minandasari ◽  
Hendra Andiananta Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Composting Process

ABSTRACT Agricultural waste is an organic material source. The organic matter was processed as compost. Compost block was one of composting technology developments. It has functioned as a planting medium. The type and size of raw materials are essential in the composting process. The purpose of this study was to examine variations in types and sizes of organic materials for compost blocks on the composting process and as a growth medium for chili plants. This study used a completely random design with two variables. The first variable was the variation of raw material type, i.e., coffee husk and pulp, tobacco petiole, and rice husk. The second variable was the variation of raw material size, i.e., 10, 40, and 80 mesh. The research data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test conducted with the Duncan test. The research data test show that compost from rice husks had the most C/N value of 19.71. The raw material on optimally composting refers to temperature and humidity parameters as rice husk. The most effective compost block as a planting medium is a rice husk with the size of 40 mesh. The variance analysis result showed the rice husk treatment with the size material of 0.06 cm had significant differences in the three parameters of vegetative growth of plants, i.e., plant growth rate, leaf growth rate, and leaf area. Keyword: composting, coffee husk and pulp,tabbaco petiole, rice husk, organic matter   ABSTRAK Limbah pertanian merupakan salah satu sumber bahan organik. Bahan organik tersebut berpotensi digunakan sebagai kompos. Kompos blok merupakan salah satu pengembangan teknologi pengomposan. Kompos ini digunakan sebagai media tanam. Jenis dan ukuran bahan baku berperan penting pada proses pengomposan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji variasi jenis dan ukuran pada bahan-bahan organik untuk kompos blok terhadap proses pengomposan dan sebagai media pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancang acak lengkap dengan dua variabel. Variabel pertama adalah jenis bahan baku kompos meliputi kulit kopi, limbah tangkai daun tembakau, dan sekam padi. Variabel kedua adalah variasi ukuran dengan menggunakan ayakan 10, 40, dan 80 mesh. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis menggunakan uji Analysis of Variance yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil pengujian unsur hara menunjukkan bahwa kompos dari sekam padi memiliki nilai C/N sebesar 19,71. Pengomposan bahan yang berjalan optimal berdasarkan parameter suhu dan kelembaban adalah sekam padi. Kompos blok yang paling efektif sebagai media tanam berdasarkan parameter laju jumlah daun adalah limbah sekam padi ukuran 40 mesh. Hasil uji Analysis of Variance menujukkan bahwa pelakuan ukuran sekam padi sebesar 0,06 cm memiliki perbedaan nyata terhadap tiga parameter pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman, yaitu laju tinggi tanaman, laju jumlah daun, dan luas daun. Kata Kuci : pengomposan, kulit buah kopi, limbah tangkai tembakau, sekam padi, bahan organik

scholarly journals The utilization demineralized rice husk waste for biofuel source via pyrolysis: thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Rinny Jelita
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Solutions

Rice husk is considered as agricultural waste that causes environmental problem during its handling. In this study, rice husk was treated with acid (citric acid and nitric acid) solutions prior used as raw material for producing biofuel and chemicals via pyrolysis. The pyrolysis behaviors of rice husk treated with water and acid solutions have been investigated through thermogravimetric analysis from room temperature to 600 oC at the heating rate of 10oC/min under 50 ml/min nitrogen flow. Demineralization treatment using strong acid (nitric acid) solution showed more impacts to the rice husk in thermogravimetric analysis, i.e. lower ash content, less minerals content and thermal stability increased. One step model kinetic resulted the lowest activation energy (12.8709 kJ/mol) occured at the 5% nitric acid solution treatment. Excellent agreement between the experimental data and model predictions was found with 8.63% of the relative error. In other words, demineralization using 5% nitric acid solution would improve rice husk performance during its pyrolysis reaction for producing biofuel.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FROM RICE HUSK

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
KHEMJIRA JARMKOM ◽  
WARACHATE KHOBJAI ◽  
SURACHAI TEACHAOEI ◽  
DUANGRATANA SHUWISITKUL
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Husk Rice ◽  
Composition Changes

Objective: The purpose of this research was to produce carboxymethyl cellulose from rice husk (CMCRH) and used it as a raw material in food orhealth products.Methods: Cellulose was extracted from husk rice and converted to CMC (CMCRH) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid inisopropanol (C3H8O).Results: CMCRH was characterized for chemical composition and morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy analysis showed thatchemical composition changes with increasing sodium content (Na-). Likewise, morphology has changed. Physicochemical and viscosity tests showedthat were similar properties compare with commercial CMC.Conclusion: CMC is derived cellulose that is used in products for various applications. RH is an agricultural waste that is carried out to synthesize CMC(CMCRH). Finally, CMCRH has the potential to be used in raw materials in food or health products which biodegradable material.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM DAN NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA KEPALA RENYAH (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) SECARA HIDROPONIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Sri Astuti ◽  
Yeni Muly Yana
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Plant Parameter ◽  
Rock Wool

Study aims to determine the effect of planting media and nutrients on the growth and yield of crispy lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Capitata) hydroponically and to determine the best planting media and types of nutrients on the growth and yield of crispy lettuce (Lactuca sativa) var. capitata) hydroponically. This research uses factorial experimental design in CRD. The first factor is 3 planting media (coffee husk charcoal, rice husk charcoal and rock wool). The second factor is 3 nutrients (organic, AB mix and organic + inorganic). There are 9 combinations of planting media and nutrition for the growth of crispy lettuce head planting. Each combination is randomized before being tested, to determine the order of testing. Each combination is done 3 times. The results of observations and average calculation of plant parameter data at the 4th week after transplanting showed the result that there was no effect of the planting media and nutrients on the growth and yield of lettuce. Likewise with the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no real effect on plant parameters.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Chemical Characterization of Different Composts

2003 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Éva Dienes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Composting of agricultural waste is considered particularly important from the point-of-view of environmental protection. Degradation of organic substance results in a significant reduction of waste volume.The end product of the composting process, mature compost, can be used as soil coverage against excess loss of wastes, for mulching, for organic manure etc. The problem of composting has come into limelight in environmental studies and in agriculture.The quality of the mature compost is determined by physical, chemical and biological parameters of the composting process which, in turn, depend on initial composition of the raw materials, the technology, e.g. regular mixing and moistening and on environmental factors. Quality is the key question in compost use.We studied the composting process in compost windrows of different raw material composition. We measured temperature, humidity content, pH, organic substance content, nitrogen and carbon content.We counted the number of bacteria, microscopic fungy, ammonifying and cellulose decomposing microorganisms. We directed the composting process with turning weekly (to provide oxygen) and watering (to provide humidity content 40-60%).We set up windrows of 1 m3 volume from dry plant substances (cornstalk, pea straw, tomato stalk and crop, weeds) and cow manure not older than 1 week. The cow manure was used at ratios of 0%, 35%, 50%, 65% and 100%, respectively.We measured changes in compost temperature relationship with outside temperature until they were almoust the same. Humidity was 40-60% in most cases.At the beginning of the process, pH was slightly acidic-neutral; it later becomes neutral-slightly alkaline (pH: 6.93-8.02) as ammonia is liberated from proteins.At the end of the process, pH decreased again, due to humification.Organic substance content decreased as microorganisms mineralized them. Organic carbon content decreased gradually due to microorganisms used it as an energy.Total nitrogen content increased until middle of july and decreased gradually until than.The carbon/nitrogen rate were higher in the beginning, it decreased until july-august and increased by smaller degree until end of the process.The number of bacteria was higher in the first three weeks and between june-september. The number of cellulose degrading bacteria was the highest in the first three month, the number of ammonifying bacteria was the highest from the end of may until sepember.The number of microscopic fungy was significant in the second part of process, after july.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuel from Agricultural Waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Dilute Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration ◽  
Bakery Yeast

Waste can be minimized by reuse or recover by the process due disposal of the waste is big issue for environment. So many organization are working for to utilized the waste  for energy recovery. Field crops offer potential source of fuel, offering promise as large-scale energy and based on its genetic diversity, climatic adaptation, and biomass and sugar production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of ethanol from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 accumulation. Presently this work was to evaluate the feasibility of ethanol production and optimization from Rice husk by using commercial bakery yeast, i.e., S. cereviciae. The experiment was conducted, at fermentation temperature 30 °C and pH 5, and treated using different acid concentrations and residence times. Rice husk was hydrolyzed by refluxing, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, using dilute sulfuric acid (1 to 5 %) and distilled water at hydrolysis time of 1 to 11 hours keeping boiling temperature. 90 % maximum total sugar concentration was obtained at 5 h acid free hydrolysis. Based on these hydrolysis results, fermentation process was performed. 

scholarly journals Design and Improvement of Existing Briquette Making Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1391-1397
Author(s):  
Sohel Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Groundnut Shell

There has been a recent push to replace the burning of fossil fuels with biofuel. The replacement of this non-renewable energy resources with biological waste lowers the overall pollution of the world. The waste biomass similar to dry leaves, sawdust, rice husk, coffee husk etc. are gathered and compressed into the briquettes, these briquettes can also transport and used as fuel to generate heat and energy. It is a time to take initiative to turn Biomass into a source of energy. Hence here we are taking responsibility in converting agricultural and forestry wastes into useful biomass briquettes, which can also be used as a substitute for Coal and other non-renewable resources. Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute or replacement to a coal and charcoal. Biomass briquettes can be manufactured by using agricultural and forestry waste. The low-density biomass Is converted into high density biomass briquettes with the help of a briquetting machine that Uses binder or without binder i.e., binder less technique, as there is no any type of chemical is used so it is 100% natural. The mostly used raw material for biomass briquettes, Mustard Stalks, Sawdust, Groundnut Shell, Coffee Husk, Coir Pitch, Jute Sticks, Sugarcane Bagasse, Rice Husk, Cotton Stalks, Caster Seed Shells / Stalk, Wood Chips, Paddy straw, Tobacco Waste, Tea Waste, maize stalks, bajra Cobs, Arhar stalks, Bamboo Dust, Wheat Straw, Sunflower Stalk, Palm Husk, Soya bean Husk, Veneer Residues, Barks & Straws, Leaf’s, Pine Niddle, Seeds Cases etc. are used. Biomass Briquette are largely used for any type of thermal application, like steam generation in Boilers, in furnace & foundries (It can be used for metal heating & melting where melting point Is less than 1000d/cel.), for heating purpose (Residential & Commercial Heating in winter, Heating in Cold areas and Hotels, Canteens, Cafeterias and house hold kitchen appliances, restaurants etc.), There are several machines available in market but those machines are bulky and are costly, hence here we have developed a portable, low-cost briquetting machine, which makes use of simple mechanism to convert the biological waste into useful briquettes. Any waste or any proportion of Agri waste can be used but with proper binding agent. Some raw materials doesn’t require any binding material high pressure compression is used. The paper presents the results of a project focused on the development of briquettes from the sawdust (Waste Wood) resulting from the primary waste from timber companies. This sawdust currently lacks a useful purpose, and its indiscriminate burning generates CO and CO2 emissions which are harmful to nature. Sawmill Agri waste is a huge problem specially in urban cities. These wastes are burnt openly which is causing environmental pollution and also becomes reason for human health care.

Prediction of Rice Husk Particulate-Filled Polymer Composite Properties Using a Representative Volume Element (RVE) Model

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandhita Pochanard ◽  
Anil Saigal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Representative Volume Element ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Representative Volume

In this study, a numerical representative volume element (RVE) model was used to predict the mechanical properties of a Rice Husk Particulate (RHP)-Epoxy composite for use as an alternative material in non-critical applications. Seven different analytical models Counto, Ishai-Cohen, Halpin-Tsai, Nielsen, Nicolais, Modified Nicolais and Pukanszky were used as comparison tools for the numerical model. The mechanical properties estimated for 0%, 10% and 30% RHP-Epoxy composites using the numerical and analytical models are in general agreement with each other. Using the analytical models, it was calculated that an increase in volume percentage of RHP to 30% led to continual reduction in elastic Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the composite. The numerical RVE models also predicted a similar trend between filler volume percentage and material properties. Overall, the results of this study suggest that RHP can be used to reduce the composite raw material costs by replacing the more expensive polymer content with agricultural waste products with limited compromise to the composite’s mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Fungal Community Dynamics and Shaping Factors During Agricultural Waste Composting with Zeolite and Biochar Addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Liheng Ren ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Jiachao Zhang ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bacterial and fungal communities play significant roles in waste biodegradation and nutrient reservation during composting. Biochar and zeolite were widely reported to directly or indirectly promote microbial growth. Therefore, the effects of zeolite and biochar on the abundance and structure of bacterial and fungal communities and their shaping factors during the composting of agricultural waste were studied. Four treatments were carried out as follows: Run A as the control without any addition, Run B with zeolite (5%), Run C with biochar (5%), and Run D with zeolite (5%) and biochar (5%), respectively. The bacterial and fungal community structures were detected by high-throughput sequencing. Redundancy analysis was used for determining the relationship between community structure and physico-chemical parameters. The results indicated that the addition of biochar and zeolite changed the physico-chemical parameters (e.g., pile temperature, pH, total organic matter, ammonium, nitrate, and water-soluble carbon) during the composting process. Zeolite and biochar significantly changed the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal populations. Moreover, the bacterial community rather than the fungal community was sensitive to the biochar and zeolite addition during the composting process. Community phylogenetic characteristics showed that Nocardiopsaceae, Bacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae were the predominant bacterial species at the family-level. Chaetomiaceae and Trichocomaceae were the two most dominant fungal species. The pH, total organic matter, and nitrate were the most important factors affecting the bacterial and fungal population changes during the composting process.

scholarly journals PENGOMPOSAN SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN SLURRY DARI FERMENTASI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Irvan ◽  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Cut Novaliani Hasbi ◽  
Elwina Widiarti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Recycling Technique

Rice husk is material waste that is usually just burned. However, this practice is causing air pollution problems. One effort to help overcome the problem of agricultural waste is recycling technique with an emphasis on the process of composting. Many efforts can be made ​​to speed the composting process. The treatment was performed by the addition of slurry at the beginning of  composting process with the addition of as much as 1, 2,and 3 liters and the addition of slurry during composting process by adding 0,5;1; and 1,5liters of slurry every 3 days once. At each treatment was added 1 kg of fine compost. The condition which almost meets quality compost by SNI 19-7030-2004 and most precocious and decomposesis the compost with the addition of as much as 1, 5 liters every 3 days where the temperature is 32,8 oC obtained, the water level is 35,1,99 %, the ratio of C / N is 7.58 and pH is 9,59. This thing indicates that the slurry from biogas fermentor can accelerate the maturity of compost making so that it is more easily broken down or decomposed.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality of Bio-Oil Produced from Rice Husk Pyrolysis by Extraction of its Phenolic Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Selvia Fardhyanti ◽  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Bayu Triwibowo ◽  
Haniif Prasetiawan ◽  
Novia Noor Cahyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Bio Oil

Rice husk is an agricultural waste which contains 50% cellulose, 25%-30% lignin and 15%-20% silica. It can be used as raw material of bio-oil. Bio-oil is liquid which produced by pyrolysis process. Bio-oil can be produced from the rice husk at 773 and 873 K. The main component of Bio-oil from rice husk pyrolysis at 773 and 873 K is phenolic compounds about 47.98% and 62.65%, respectively. It causes corrosive, low heating value, high acidity, high viscosity and unstable that causing an engine damage. The presence of phenolic compound decreases the quality of bio-oil. Therefore, it needs a process such as liquid-liquid extraction to reduce the phenolic compound using 80% methanol and 80% chloroform as a solvent. The extract and raffinate phase were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The aim of this research determine the effect of temperature pyrolysis for the characterization of bio-oil, the stirring speed and the temperature of the extraction for the distribution coefficient and the yield of phenolic compound. The results showed that the characterization of bio-oil produced from rice husk pyrolysis at 773 and 873 K are densities 1,040 and 1,042 Kg/m3; viscosities 9.3488 and 9.5007 cSt; acid numbers 46.75 and 52.45 mg KOH/g; pH 2.5 and 3; flash points 426 and 423 K and heating values 3.229 and 3.339 MJ/kg, respectively. The highest distribution coefficient and yield were obtained at 323 K and a stirring speed of 250 rpm. The distribution coefficient of bio-oil produced by pyrolysis at 773 and 873 K is 1.504, and 1.528, respectively. The yields of bio-oil produced by pyrolysis at 773 and 873 K are 58.885%, and 48.429%, respectively.  

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