scholarly journals Temperature – Potential Evapotranspiration Relationship in Iraq Using Thornthwaite Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. The relationship of temperature - evapotranspiration was obtained using the Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into (7) sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where (32) stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. Mean temperature has a symmetrical decreasing pattern from south-east towards north-west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while correcting potential evapotranspiration (PEc) has the opposite direction of increasing values due to a direct relationship with temperature.

Derivation Mathematical Equations for Future Calculation of Potential Evapotranspiration in Iraq, A Review of Application of Thornthwaite Evapotranspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1048
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

     In any natural area or water body, evapotranspiration is one of the important outcomes in the water balance equation. As a significant method and depending on monthly average temperature, estimating of potential Evapotranspiration depending on Thornthwaite method was adopted in this research review. Estimate and discuss evapotranspiration by using Thornthwaite method is the main objectives of this research review with considerable details as well as compute potential evapotranspiration based on climatologically data obtained in Iraq. Temperature - evapotranspiration relationship can be estimated between those two parameters to reduce cost and time and facilitate calculation of water balance in lakes, river, and hydrogeological basins. The relationship was obtained using Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into seven sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where thirty two stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. The mean temperature has a decreasing pattern from southern east towards northern west of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while corrected potential evapotranspiration has the opposite direction regarding increased value because of a direct relationship with temperature.

Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Yashinta Yashinta ◽  
Dwi Hurriyati
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

scholarly journals Spectral Indices: In-Season Dry Mass and Yield Relationship of Flue-Cured Tobacco under Different Planting Dates and Fertiliser Levels

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekia Svotwa ◽  
J. Anxious Masuka ◽  
Barbara Maasdorp ◽  
Amon Murwira
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment investigated the relationship between tobacco canopy spectral characteristics and tobacco biomass. A completely randomized design, with plantings on the 15th of September, October, November, and December, each with 9 variety × fertiliser management treatments, was used. Starting from 6 weeks after planting, reflectance measurements were taken from one row, using a multispectral radiometer. Individual plants from the other 3 rows were also measured, and the above ground whole plants were harvested and dried for reflectance/dry mass regression analysis. The central row was harvested, cured, and weighed. Both the maximum NDVI and mass at untying declined with later planting and so was the mass-NDVI coefficient of determination. The best fitting curves for the yield-NDVI correlations were quadratic. September reflectance values from the October crop reflectance were statistically similar (P>0.05), while those for the November and the December crops were significantly different (P<0.05) from the former two. Mass at untying and NDVI showed a quadratic relationship in all the three tested varieties. The optimum stage for collecting spectral data for tobacco yield estimation was the 8–12 weeks after planting. The results could be useful in accurate monitoring of crop development patterns for yield forecasting purposes.

Long Term Changes in Abundance of Eggs of the Cornish Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus Walbaum) Off Plymouth

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hearsay Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The inshore fishery for the pilchard in Cornish waters has existed for several hundred years, and such records as are available concerning fluctuation in catches and market conditions have been reviewed by Couch (1865), Cushing (1957) and Culley (1971). Although pilchard have been landed from Lyme Bay, from the eastern half of the Channel, and from the southern North Sea (Couch, 1865; Furnestin, 1945; Cushing, 1957; personal communications G. T. Boalch) the catches have usually been incidental to other fisheries and more sporadic than in Cornish waters. Traditionally there are three areas fished for the Cornish pilchard: on the north-west coast around St Ives; in Mounts Bay and towards the Scillies; and between the Lizard Pt and Bolt Tail in Devon (Couch, 1865; Culley, 1971). The latter region, constituting the inshore waters of south-east Cornwall and south Devon, effectively forms the eastern limits of the regular occurrence of commercial shoals. Knowledge of the breeding and life-history of the fish in this region has always been scarce and subject to much hearsay evidence (reviewed in Southward, 1963). Up to quite recently it was thought that the main spawning area lay well to the west of the entrance to the Channel, and it was not until the investigations reported by Corbin (1947,195°) a nd Cushing (1957)tnat it was conclusively shown that extensive spawning can occur within the English Channel from May to October. The relationship of the spawning in the western Channel to the other areas of spawning off the entrance to the Channel and in the northern Bay of Biscay is illustrated in a recent series of reports (Arbault & Boutin, 1968; Arbault & Lacroix-Boutin, 1969; Arbault & Lacroix, 1971; Wallace, P. D. & Pleasants, C. A., duplicated ICES meeting paper CM 1972/J: 8), and is further demonstrated by Demir & Southward (1974) in discussing the results of a study of small scale seasonal changes in spawning intensity in inshore waters.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA LATAR BELAKANG PENDIDIKAN FORMAL, PENGETAHUAN, STATUS EKONOMI DAN SIKAP DENGAN UPAYA MASYARAKAT MENGENAI BUDIDAYA Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke DI PULAU LOMBOK

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Taufik Samsuri
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was: (1) to reveal how formal educational background, knowledge, economic status, attitudes and efforts of the farming community farming Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke on the island of Lombok. (2) to determine the relationship of formal educational background, knowledge, and attitudes to the economic status of the farming community efforts Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke on the island of Lombok. This type of research is survey research design and descriptive quantitative descriptive correlational. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. While the relationship of formal education background, knowledge, economic status and attitudes correlated with community efforts on cultivating Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke using bivariate product moment correlation test, followed by regression analysis using the aid package SPSS for Windows 00:17. Results of this study indicate that (1) the level of formal education background, at 25.71% with very low category, knowledge of 67.23% with enough categories, economic status by 50% with the low category, the attitude of 65.40% with enough categories, and cultivation efforts Gyrinops versteegii of 54.42% with low category. (2) The results of analysis of the association in this study showed that there is a significant relationship between formal educational background, knowledge, and attitudes to the economic status of efforts farming Gyrinops versteegii with correlation value of 0.898 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.806.

scholarly journals A study of approach to assessing a functional relationship between solidity ratios for the rope/net part of midwater trawl

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-670
Author(s):  
L. M. Simkin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Midwater Trawl ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we have analyzed an approach to assessing the relationship between some characteristics of the net panels forming the rope/net cone of a fishing trawl. Using the mathematical relationship of solidity ratios for the rope/net panels, it is possible to analyze existing structures and, furthermore, reduce the time for selecting the prototype trawl. Such mathematical relationship allows faster calculation of new trawl designs which takes into account the production specifics of an enterprise manufacturing the trawl fishing gear. The use of mathematical relationships provides the opportunity to accelerate the process of trawl construction.

scholarly journals The relationship of mean temperature and 9 collected butterfly species’ wingspan as the response of global warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumi Na ◽  
Eunyoung Lee ◽  
Hyunjung Kim ◽  
Seiwoong Choi ◽  
Hoonbok Yi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Organism body size is a basic characteristic in ecology; it is related to temperature according to temperature-size rule. Butterflies are affected in various aspects by climate change because they are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the effect of an increase in temperature due to global warming on the wing of butterflies. Results A total of 671 butterflies belonging to 9 species were collected from 1990 to 2016 in Seoul (336 specimens) and Mokpo (335 specimens). Consequently, as the mean temperature increased, the wing length of the species increased. However, there are exceptions that the Parnassius stubbendorfii, Pieridae canidia, and Pieris rapae wing length of Seoul increased, but the butterfly wing length of Mokpo decreased. Conclusions The positive correlations between the butterfly wing length and mean temperature showed that the change of mean temperature for about 26 years affects the wing length of butterfly species. The exception is deemed to have been influenced by the limited research environment, and further studies are needed. We would expect that it can be provided as basic data for studying effect of climate change.

scholarly journals Insight into the role of cyanobacterial bloom in the trophic link between ciliates and predatory copepods

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kosiba ◽  
Wojciech Krztoń
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Ciliate Species ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAn important group of protozooplankton, the ciliates, are a crucial component of aquatic food webs. They are the main grazers on bacteria and algae transferring carbon to higher levels of the food web (metazooplankton and fish fry). Changes in the quality and quantity of protozooplankton can modify the quality and quantity of metazooplankton, especially predatory copepods, causing changes in energy transfer and the matter cycle. Observable climate change is one of the most significant factors promoting the increase of cyanobacterial blooms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out how cyanobacterial blooms modify relationships between ciliates (prey) and copepods (predator), and to discover possible pathways of changes in freshwater food webs. We analysed the relationship between the biomass of predatory copepods and feeding guilds of ciliates (algivorous, bacterivorous, bacteri-algivorous). The relationship of predators biomass with algivorous and bacteri-algivorous ciliate biomasses, with a simultaneous lack of relationship with bacterivorous ciliate biomass, demonstrates that bacterial fixed carbon may be only partially contributing to the total energy passed through this link. Results demonstrated that the bloom enhanced the relationship between prey and predator. Larger and free-swimming ciliate species appear to play a greater role in energy transfer than smaller sedentary species.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA KANDUNGAN SILIKA DENGAN KELIMPAHAN DIATOM BENTHIK DI SEPANJANG SUNGAI PELUS KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Umiatun ◽  
Carmudi Carmudi ◽  
Christiani Christiani
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Correlation

Silica is an element that is useful to the organism especially Diatoms (Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae). The sources of Silica in waters derive from weathering rock-containing silica. Diatoms are a phytoplankton that able to live as a phytobenthos distributed globally in all types of waters. The purpose of this study was to determine; the silica content, the abundance of diatoms, and the relationship between the content of silica and the abundance of diatoms in the Pelus River Banyumas. This research was conducted as a survey and samples were collected using composite sampling technique at 5 stations. Samples were collected three times with 2 weeks intervals. Two main parameters (diatoms abundance and silica content) and ten supporting parameters (temperature, current velocity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, and ortofosfat of waters) were measured. Data of analysis calculated in this study including regression correlation analysis to determine the relationship of the silica content and the abundance of diatoms. The silica concentration in the Pelus River waters varies between 112.48-175.00 mg.l-1 with an average of 146 mg.l-1. The total abundance of benthic diatoms was 44,442 ind.cm-2. The highest diatoms abundance was at station II (11,128 ind.cm-2), the lowest was at Station IV (6,828 ind.cm-2). The relationship between silica contained in the waters and abundance of diatoms indicated by the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) by 0.38 or 38%. The abundance of Diatoms are affected 62% by the available silica in the environment, and the rest 38% e rest are determined by other factors.

scholarly journals Potensi Biomassa Dan Karbon Tersimpan Tegakan di Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kota Polewali, Sulawesi Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Daud Irundu ◽  
Mir A Beddu ◽  
Najmawati Najmawati
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Global warming is one of the major environmental issues of this century. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the main cause of global warming. Green open space (RTH) such as urban parks, urban forests and green lines play an important role in mitigating global warming and climate change in urban areas because it is able to reduce CO2 from the atmosphere. This study aims to determine the potential of biomass and carbon stored in the Green Open Green Space of Polewali, West Sulawesi. Data collection for stored biomass and carbon is carried out at three green space locations including; Urban forest and city park and green lane each made three plots measuring 20 m x 20 m, and three plots on the Green Line measuring 1200 m. Retrieval of data by measuring tree height and diameter, analysis to obtain the dry volume, biomass and carbon stored for each tree species contained in the Polewali green space. Biomass is obtained by the formula M = BJ x Vk x BEF, the stored carbon value is obtained from the product of biomass by 0.47. The magnitude of the relationship of volume with biomass and carbon uses a regression equation (Ŷ=a+bX). The results show there are types of Glodokan (Polyalthia longifolia), Johar (Senna siamea), Mahogany (Swetenia sp) and Trambesi (Samanea saman) which are spread in the Polewali open green space. Trambesi is a type that has dominant biomass and stored carbon of 381.95 (tons / ha) and 179.52 (ton/ha). Green lane is the type of green space that has the most stored carbon and is currently 440.94 (ton/ha) and 207.24 (ton/ha). The overall green space biomass is 571.83 (ton/ha) and stored carbon is 268.76 (ton/ha) found in urban forests, urban gardens and green belt. The relationship of volume with biomass and stored carbon shows a very strong relationship with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document