Efficacy of attenuated bacteria vaccine against streptococcal infection in larvae tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

One of the common diseases found in tilapia is a streptococcal disease caused by the Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria. Treatment of this disease is generally done by using antibiotics. The use of antibiotics in controlling disease in fish can create resistant bacterial strains with certain doses. The use of vaccines is one of the alternative control methods in fish defence against infections. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of vaccination on seeds through immersion using attenuated active bacteria to increase immunity at the beginning of the spread of streptococcosis disease. The vaccine used was obtained from attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria through repeated passage ten times. Vaccination was carried out through oral vaccine. Challenge tests were carried out on days 7, 14, and 21 days after vaccination on tilapia larvae by immersion. The result indicated that vaccination using attenuated bacteria could increase lysozyme activity at each observation time compared to control. The mortality of post-challenged larvae on days 7, 14 and 21 post-vaccination was lower than that of unvaccinated seed. The percentage of RPS values up to the 14th day of observation has increased and tends to decrease on the 21st day.

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Complementary Effect of Non-Persistent Silver Nano-Architectures and Chlorhexidine on Infected Wound Healing

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9091215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1215

Author(s):

Mykola Pernakov ◽

Maria Laura Ermini ◽

Oksana Sulaieva ◽

Domenico Cassano ◽

Marco Santucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Infected Wound ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Efficacy Evaluation ◽

Complementary Effect ◽

Macrophages Polarization ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Purulent Wound ◽

The Common

Surgical site infection (SSI) substantially contributes each year to patients’ morbidity and mortality, accounting for about 15% of all nosocomial infections. SSI drastically increases the rehab stint and expenses while jeopardizing health outcomes. Besides prevention, the treatment regime relies on an adequate antibiotic therapy. On the other hand, resistant bacterial strains have currently reached up to 34.3% of the total infections, and this percentage grows annually, reducing the efficacy of the common treatment schemes. Thus, new antibacterial strategies are urgently demanded. Here, we demonstrated in rats the effectiveness of non-persistent silver nano-architectures (AgNAs) in infected wound healing together with their synergistic action in combination with chlorhexidine. Besides the in vivo efficacy evaluation, we performed analysis of the bacteriological profile of purulent wound, histological evaluations, and macrophages polarization quantifications to further validate our findings and elucidate the possible mechanisms of AgNAs action on wound healing. These findings open the way for the composition of robust multifunctional nanoplatforms for the translation of safe and efficient topical treatments of SSI.

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Differential Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans Strains on Bean Genotypes with Common Blight Resistance

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-4-0546 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 546-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

N. Mutlu ◽

A. K. Vidaver ◽

D. P. Coyne ◽

J. R. Steadman ◽

P. A. Lambrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

South American ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Germplasm Screening ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Pathogenic Variation ◽

The Common

Both the common bacterial blight (CBB) pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli) and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, agent of fuscous blight, cause indistinguishable symptoms in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Yield losses can exceed 40%. Lack of information about the specificity between X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains and major quantitative trait loci (QTL) or alleles conferring resistance makes the task of identifying genetic changes in host–pathogen interactions and the grouping of bacterial strains difficult. This, in turn, affects the choice of pathogen isolates used for germplasm screening and complicates breeding for CBB resistance. Common bean host genotypes carrying various sources and levels of resistance to CBB were screened with 69 X. campestris pv. phaseoli and 15 X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains from around the world. Differential pathogenicity of the CBB pathogen was identified on the 12 selected bean genotypes. The X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains showed greater pathogenicity than X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains having the same origin. African strains were most pathogenic. The largest variation in pathogenicity came from X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains that originated in Caribbean and South American countries. Pathogenic variation was greater within X. campestris pv. phaseoli than within X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains. Implications for breeding for CBB resistance are discussed.

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Efikasi Vaksinasi pada Benih Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Metode Infiltrasi Hiperosmotik untuk Mencegah Infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae (THE EFFICACY OF VACCINATION ON TILAPIA SEEDS OF (Oreochromis niloticus) USING HYPEROSMOTIC INFILTRATION

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.634 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 634 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amalia Putri Firdausi ◽

Sukenda Sukenda ◽

Sri Nuryati

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Antibody Level ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Randomized Design ◽

And Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination on tilapia seedlings resulted from the vaccinated parent by hyperosmotic infiltration method at four different salinity to prevent Streptococcus agalactiae bacterial infection. A total of 100 seeds aged 20 days from the vaccinated mother were immersed in four different salinity: 0 ppt (control), 10 ppt, 20 ppt, and 30 ppt for five minutes, then removed and transferred into vaccine-containing containers for 30 minutes. Further maintenance was performed in freshwater aquariums and at days 10, 20, and 30 post vaccination, the immune system performance: Relative Percent Survival (RPS) after the challenge test, specific antibody level, and lysozyme was observed. The study was conducted using a complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the 10 ppt salinity treatment gave the best results compared to the others and control. The final RPS (10 ppt) value was 84.72%, 66.49%, and 47.06%, on the 10th, 20th, and 30thh days of vaccination, respectively. Specific antibody levels (10 ppt) were 0.077, 0.078, and 0.077 and lysozyme 0.092, 0.084, and 0.032 at days 10, 20, and 30 post vaccination, respectively. The value of RPS and specific antibody level at 10 ppt salinity was significantly different (P <0.05) compared to the other treatments, while the lysozyme treatment activity of 10 ppt was not significantly different compared to the 20 ppt treatment. Vaccination using 10 ppt saline hyperosmotic infiltration can improve the performance of the immune system by improving maternal immune protection against Streptococcus agalactiae infection.

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Gut microbiota in a host–brood parasite system: insights from common cuckoos raised by two warbler species

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucie Schmiedová ◽

Jakub Kreisinger ◽

Milica Požgayová ◽

Marcel Honza ◽

Jean-François Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Acrocephalus Arundinaceus ◽

Brood Parasite ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Common ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Bacterial Sources ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT An animal's gut microbiota (GM) is shaped by a range of environmental factors affecting the bacterial sources invading the host. At the same time, animal hosts are equipped with intrinsic mechanisms enabling regulation of GM. However, there is limited knowledge on the relative importance of these forces. To assess the significance of host-intrinsic vs environmental factors, we studied GM in nestlings of an obligate brood parasite, the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), raised by two foster species, great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and Eurasian reed warblers (A. scirpaceus), and compared these with GM of the fosterers’ own nestlings. We show that fecal GM varied between cuckoo and warbler nestlings when accounting for the effect of foster/parent species, highlighting the importance of host-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. In addition to feces, cuckoos also expel a deterrent secretion, which provides protection against olfactory predators. We observed an increased abundance of bacterial genera capable of producing repulsive volatile molecules in the deterrent secretion. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis that microbiota play a role in this antipredator mechanism. Interestingly, fosterer/parent identity affected only cuckoo deterrent secretion and warbler feces microbiota, but not that of cuckoo feces, suggesting a strong selection of bacterial strains in the GM by cuckoo nestlings.

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Construction and immunological assessment of Salmonella typhimurium expressing fox sperm LDH-C4

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/r97076 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter Bird ◽

Christine Hayes ◽

James de Jersey ◽

Mark Bradley

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Oral Vaccine ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Expression Plasmid ◽

Iga Response ◽

Specific Igg ◽

The Common ◽

Oral Doses ◽

Specific Igg Antibodies

This study examined immune responses of foxes to oral doses of recombinant Salmonella typhimurium expressing fox sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase (fLDH). The cDNA for fLDH was cloned into the expression plasmid pKK233· 2 (pKKfLDH). Salmonella typhimuriumaroA– (SL3261) was transformed with either the pKK233·2 plasmid alone (SpKK) or the pKKfLDH construct (SpKfLDH). The fLDH expressed by SpKfLDH retained enzymatic activity and was recognized by human LDH-C4-specific antibody. Male European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were given an initial oral dose of 1 × 1011 cfu of either SpKK (control, n = 3) or SpKfLDH (test, n = 6), followed four weeks later with a further dose of 1 × 1011 cfu. Antibodies to Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS-04) and fLDH were measured in plasma and saliva for eight consecutive weeks after the initial doses. Both LPS-04 IgG- and IgA-specific antibodies as well as fLDH-specific IgG antibodies were detected in plasma and saliva. However, there was a marked fLDH-specific IgA response in saliva consistent with induction of the common mucosal immune system. The antibody measurements demonstrated the feasibility of using recombinant Salmonella as an oral vaccine to elicit gamete antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in foxes.

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Phenol Removal Capacity of the Common Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and Six Phenol-Resistant Bacterial Strains From Its Rhizosphere: In Vitro Evaluation at High Phenol Concentrations

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9050599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 599

Author(s):

Olga Radulović ◽

Slaviša Stanković ◽

Branka Uzelac ◽

Vojin Tadić ◽

Milana Trifunović-Momčilov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Phenol Removal ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

The Common ◽

The One

The main topic of this study is the bioremediation potential of the common duckweed, Lemna minor L., and selected rhizospheric bacterial strains in removing phenol from aqueous environments at extremely high initial phenol concentrations. To that end, fluorescence microscopy, MIC tests, biofilm formation, the phenol removal test (4-AAP method), the Salkowski essay, and studies of multiplication rates of sterile and inoculated duckweed in MS medium with phenol (200, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1) were conducted. Out of seven bacterial strains, six were identified as epiphytes or endophytes that efficiently removed phenol. The phenol removal experiment showed that the bacteria/duckweed system was more efficient during the first 24 h compared to the sterile duckweed control group. At the end of this experiment, almost 90% of the initial phenol concentration was removed by both groups, respectively. The bacteria stimulated the duckweed multiplication even at a high bacterial population density (>105 CFU mL−1) over a prolonged period of time (14 days). All bacterial strains were sensitive to all the applied antibiotics and formed biofilms in vitro. The dual bacteria/duckweed system, especially the one containing strain 43-Hafnia paralvei C32-106/3, Accession No. MF526939, had a number of characteristics that are advantageous in bioremediation, such as high phenol removal efficiency, biofilm formation, safety (antibiotic sensitivity), and stimulation of duckweed multiplication.

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Baicalin attenuates Streptococcus agalactiae virulence and protects tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from group B streptococcal infection

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 516 ◽

pp. 734645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Xi-Rui Xian ◽

Wei-Liang Guo ◽

Zhi-Hong Zhong ◽

Shi-Feng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Group B

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LUDWIGIA PARVIFLORA L. AGAINST STANDARD BACTERIAL STRAINS AND COMPARISON OF ITS ACTIVITY WITH THAT OF STANDARD ANTIBIOTICS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i3.30818 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 430-432

Author(s):

SHIBU GEORGE ◽

MEVLIN JOY

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Whole Plant ◽

The Common ◽

Susceptibility Tests

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Ludwigia parviflora L. using standard bacterial strains and compare its activity with that of standard antibiotics. Methods: The antibacterial activity and antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method using MTCC bacterial strains. Results: The study revealed that the methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. was effective to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Among the tested strains, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli were more susceptible to the methanolic extract of L. parviflora than the commonly using antibiotic tetracycline 30 mcg. The activity of methanolic extract was also higher than the activity of gentamicin 10 mcg against the P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The study concluded that the crude methanolic extract of the whole plant of L. parviflora L. is a good source for antibacterial agent against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. Hence, this plant can be used as a natural alternative to the common antibiotics such as gentamicin and tetracycline against common bacterial infections after validating its pharmacological and toxicological activities.

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Whole-cell vaccine of Streptococcus agalactiae in Oreochromis sp. with immersion method

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.13.83-93 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

, Sukenda ◽

Trian Rizky Febriansyah ◽

Sri Nuryati

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Cell Vaccine ◽

Haematocrit Level ◽

Immersion Method ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Whole Cell Vaccine ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

ABSTRACT The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of formalin-killed non-hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae N14G and NK1 isolates whole-killed vaccine to prevent streptococcosis in tilapia. Ten fishes were reared in a tank 60x30x35 cm3 with an average body weight at 10.79±0.99 g. Fish was vaccinated through bath immersion at a concentration of 109 cfu/mL. Fish was subsequently challenged by intraperitonial injection of Streptococcus agalactiae 105 cfu/mL at 11 days post-vaccination. Parameters observed were survival, relative percent survival (RPS), total leukocyte, phagocytic activity, antibody titer, total erythrocyte, haemoglobin level, haematocrit level, dan water quality. Samplings were performed in day-0, 20, and 30 after vaccination. Both vaccines have shown higher survival (60%) and RPS (40%) when challenged with pathogenic Streptococcus N14G isolates than other treatments. Based on RPS percentage observed, those vaccine were still not sufficiently effective to combat S. agalactiae infection. Keywords: tilapia, bath immersion, Streptococcus agalactiae, whole-cell vaccine ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efikasi vaksin formalin-killed cell Streptococcus agalactiae tipe isolat nonhemolitik N14G dan NK1 se utuh yang diberikan melalui perendaman dalam mencegah penyakit streptococcosis pada ikan nila. Ikan nila yang digunakan memiliki bobot 10,79±0,99 g, dipelihara sebanyak sepuluh ekor dalam akuarium ukuran 60x30x35 cm3. Ikan divaksinasi dengan metode perendaman dengan dosis 109 cfu/mL. Uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-11 pascavaksinasi dengan dosis 105 cfu/mL. Parameter yang diamati meliputi sintasan (SR), sintasan relatif/relative percent survival (RPS), total leukosit, aktivitas fagositik, titer antibodi, total eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, dan kualitas air. Pengamatan parameter dilakukan pada hari ke-0, ke-10, ke-20, dan ke-30. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kedua vaksin yang diinfeksi bakteri patogen isolat N14G memberikan nilai sintasan dan nilai RPS tertinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya. Nilai sintasan dan RPS kedua perlakuan tersebut adalah 60% dan 40%. Nilai RPS yang cukup kecil menunjukkan vaksin yang diberikan masih kurang efektif untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri S. agalactiae. Kata kunci: ikan nila, perendaman, Streptococcus agalactiae, vaksin sel utuh

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Testing of Ferarabivac anti-rabies live vaccine for wild carnivores for its immunogenicity and protectivity

Veterinary Science Today ◽

10.29326/2304-196x-2020-1-32-31-37 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

A. V. Shishkov ◽

D. A. Lozovoy ◽

A. V. Borisov ◽

D. V. Mikhalishin

Keyword(s):

Rabies Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Oral Vaccine ◽

Fatal Outcome ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Wild Carnivores ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Raccoon Dogs

Rabies is one of the most important human and animal viral diseases, being one of the most dangerous zoonoses, causing damage to the central nervous system with an inevitable fatal outcome. This disease is of global concern, and it attracts special attention of international organizations (WHO, OIE, FAO, GARC) and of veterinary services in many countries around the world. A variety of anti-rabies vaccines have been used for specific rabies prevention in wild carnivores, however, the safety and effectiveness of some of them is doubtful. New, more advanced products are being developed, one of which is Ferarabivac, a live oral vaccine. The vaccine was tested for its immunogenicity and protectivity in wild carnivores. The optimal immunizing dose was 2.0 cm3, with the infectivity titre of RV-97 strain of at least 6.00 lg KKID50/cm3. Anti-rabies antibody titres detected in the blood sera of foxes and raccoon dogs 14 days post vaccination, were 0.70 ± 0.18 and 0.73 ± 0.19 IU/cm3, respectively, which provided protection against rabies virus infection (≥ 0.50 IU/cm3). Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in foxes reached their maximum level of 4.30 ± 0.32 IU/cm3 50 days post vaccination. Antibody titres in vaccinated raccoon dogs also reached their maximum level of 4.53 ± 0.27 IU/cm3 50 days post vaccination. The minimum protective threshold levels of serum neutralizing antibodies was determined 12 months after the vaccination, and it was 0.62 ± 0.28 and 0.71 ± 0.17 IU/cm3 in foxes and raccoon dogs, respectively, which proves the necessity to perform booster vaccination one year later. No animals vaccinated against rabies with Ferarabivac live vaccine showed any clinical signs of the disease during the entire observation period following the challenge test carried out 30 days post vaccination.

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