Pengembangan Nontransgenik F1 dan Bc1f1 Padi Ciherang Toleran Genangan secara Site-Directed Crossing

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno ◽  
Satya Nugroho ◽  
Tri Joko Santoso ◽  
Joel Rivandi Sinaga ◽  
Euis Marlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Tolerance Gene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

The development of submergence tolerant rice varieties is urgently required to maintain the stability of future food production, to anticipate the unpredictable global climate changes. Due to in-economical agronomic traits of native submergence tolerant varieties for large scale cultivation, submergence tolerance gene (sub1) must be introduced into popular high-yielding rice variety, such as Ciherang. To develop new submergence tolerant variety with good agronomic traits as those of Ciherang, in this research, submergence tolerance gene (sub1) was introduced into Ciherang variety. To avoid strict GMO regulation, gene introduction was carried out through site-directed crossing. Donor sub1 was crossed with Ciherang host. The selected F1 progenies were further backcrossed to Ciherang 4 x to obtain BC5F1 progeny having ~98% agronomic traits of those of Ciherang. In every cross/backcross generation, submergence test was performed, followed by sub1 marker-assisted PCR. F1 and BC1F1 submergence-tolerant Ciherang were successfully constructed. Co-dominant RM464A marker was not able to discriminate between host, donor, and progenies (F1 and BC1). Co-dominant RM219 maker showed slightly different size between donor and host amplicon, but it was difficult to see their heterozygous progenies. Both C173 and AEX1 dominant markers were able to show sub1 introgression from donor to host. PCR results confirmed that progenies-submergence tolerance was due to sub1 introgression, not escape mechanisms. AEX1 was chosen for subsequent experiments. Backcross until BC5 is in progress, to obtain maximum host retention for engineering new submergence tolerant varieties with good agronomic traits as those of Ciherang.

scholarly journals Global distribution of soapberries (Sapindus L.) habitats under current and future climate scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Lianchun Wang ◽  
Caowen Sun ◽  
Benye Xi ◽  
Doudou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

AbstractSapindus (Sapindus L.) is a widely distributed economically important tree genus that provides biodiesel, biomedical and biochemical products. However, with climate change, deforestation, and economic development, the diversity of Sapindus germplasms may face the risk of destruction. Therefore, utilising historical environmental data and future climate projections from the BCC-CSM2-MR global climate database, we simulated the current and future global distributions of suitable habitats for Sapindus using a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The estimated ecological thresholds for critical environmental factors were: a minimum temperature of 0–20 °C in the coldest month, soil moisture levels of 40–140 mm, a mean temperature of 2–25 °C in the driest quarter, a mean temperature of 19–28 °C in the wettest quarter, and a soil pH of 5.6–7.6. The total suitable habitat area was 6059.97 × 104 km2, which was unevenly distributed across six continents. As greenhouse gas emissions increased over time, the area of suitable habitats contracted in lower latitudes and expanded in higher latitudes. Consequently, surveys and conservation should be prioritised in southern hemisphere areas which are in danger of becoming unsuitable. In contrast, other areas in northern and central America, China, and India can be used for conservation and large-scale cultivation in the future.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping Platform (HT3P) as a Novel Tool for Estimating Agronomic Traits From the Lab to the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoliang Li ◽  
Chaoqun Quan ◽  
Zhaoyang Song ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Guanghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping

Food scarcity, population growth, and global climate change have propelled crop yield growth driven by high-throughput phenotyping into the era of big data. However, access to large-scale phenotypic data has now become a critical barrier that phenomics urgently must overcome. Fortunately, the high-throughput plant phenotyping platform (HT3P), employing advanced sensors and data collection systems, can take full advantage of non-destructive and high-throughput methods to monitor, quantify, and evaluate specific phenotypes for large-scale agricultural experiments, and it can effectively perform phenotypic tasks that traditional phenotyping could not do. In this way, HT3Ps are novel and powerful tools, for which various commercial, customized, and even self-developed ones have been recently introduced in rising numbers. Here, we review these HT3Ps in nearly 7 years from greenhouses and growth chambers to the field, and from ground-based proximal phenotyping to aerial large-scale remote sensing. Platform configurations, novelties, operating modes, current developments, as well the strengths and weaknesses of diverse types of HT3Ps are thoroughly and clearly described. Then, miscellaneous combinations of HT3Ps for comparative validation and comprehensive analysis are systematically present, for the first time. Finally, we consider current phenotypic challenges and provide fresh perspectives on future development trends of HT3Ps. This review aims to provide ideas, thoughts, and insights for the optimal selection, exploitation, and utilization of HT3Ps, and thereby pave the way to break through current phenotyping bottlenecks in botany.

scholarly journals Improved bacterial leaf blight disease resistance in the major elite Vietnamese rice cultivar TBR225 via editing of the OsSWEET14 promoter

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0255470
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen Duy ◽  
Dai Tran Lan ◽  
Hang Pham Thu ◽  
Huong Phung Thi Thu ◽  
Ha Nguyen Thanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Mutant Lines

TBR225 is one of the most popular commercial rice varieties in Northern Vietnam. However, this variety is highly susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BLB), a disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) which can lead to important yield losses. OsSWEET14 belongs to the SWEET gene family that encodes sugar transporters. Together with other Clade III members, it behaves as a susceptibility (S) gene whose induction by Asian Xoo Transcription-Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) is absolutely necessary for disease. In this study, we sought to introduce BLB resistance in the TBR225 elite variety. First, two Vietnamese Xoo strains were shown to up-regulate OsSWEET14 upon TBR225 infection. To investigate if this induction is connected with disease susceptibility, nine TBR225 mutant lines with mutations in the AvrXa7, PthXo3 or TalF TALEs DNA target sequences of the OsSWEET14 promoter were obtained using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. Genotyping analysis of T0 and T1 individuals showed that mutations were stably inherited. None of the examined agronomic traits of three transgene-free T2 edited lines were significantly different from those of wild-type TBR225. Importantly, one of these T2 lines, harboring the largest homozygous 6-bp deletion, displayed decreased OsSWEET14 expression as well as a significantly reduced susceptibility to a Vietnamese Xoo strains and complete resistance to another one. Our findings indicate that CRISPR/Cas9 editing conferred an improved BLB resistance to a Vietnamese commercial elite rice variety.

scholarly journals Reference-Guided De Novo Genome Assembly to Dissect a QTL Region for Submergence Tolerance Derived from Ciherang-Sub1

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Yuya Liang ◽  
Shichen Wang ◽  
Chersty L. Harper ◽  
Nithya K. Subramanian ◽  
Rodante E. Tabien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
De Novo Genome Assembly ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genome Profile

Global climate change has increased the number of severe flooding events that affect agriculture, including rice production in the U.S. and internationally. Heavy rainfall can cause rice plants to be completely submerged, which can significantly affect grain yield or completely destroy the plants. Recently, a major effect submergence tolerance QTL during the vegetative stage, qSub8.1, which originated from Ciherang-Sub1, was identified in a mapping population derived from a cross between Ciherang-Sub1 and IR10F365. Ciherang-Sub1 was, in turn, derived from a cross between Ciherang and IR64-Sub1. Here, we characterize the qSub8.1 region by analyzing the sequence information of Ciherang-Sub1 and its two parents (Ciherang and IR64-Sub1) and compare the whole genome profile of these varieties with the Nipponbare and Minghui 63 (MH63) reference genomes. The three rice varieties were sequenced with 150 bp pair-end whole-genome shotgun sequencing (Illumina HiSeq4000), followed by performing the Trimmomatic-SOAPdenovo2-MUMmer3 pipeline for genome assembly, resulting in approximate genome sizes of 354.4, 343.7, and 344.7 Mb, with N50 values of 25.1, 25.4, and 26.1 kb, respectively. The results showed that the Ciherang-Sub1 genome is composed of 59–63% Ciherang, 22–24% of IR64-Sub1, and 15–17% of unknown sources. The genome profile revealed a more detailed genomic composition than previous marker-assisted breeding and showed that the qSub8.1 region is mostly from Ciherang, with some introgressed segments from IR64-Sub1 and currently unknown source(s).

scholarly journals Identification of fgr gene and preliminary evaluation for agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Toan D. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fgr Gene

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in Vietnam particularly in the Mekong Delta. Screening of good quality and high yield rice varieties are needed for rice production in Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to use molecular techniques to identify fgr gene and to evaluate preliminarily agronomic traits of pandan sticky rice variety. The results showed that this variety contained fgr gene. The fragrant allele was amplified by ESP - IFAP primers with a product of 255 bp in size. Similarly, evaluation of agronomic traits showed that the pandan sticky rice variety displayed many desirable characteristics such as plant height of 108 cm, panicle length of 25.6 cm, seed/panicle 135, 100-grain weight 2.07 g, pandan smell, level 2 of alkali digestion, gel consistency 93 mm. These results were useful information and could be applied for improving and providing pandan sticky rice variety for rice production.

SourcE and impact of greeNhousE gasses in AntarctiCA: the Seneca project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Ruggiero ◽  
Alessandra Sciarra ◽  
Adriano Mazzini ◽  
Claudio Mazzoli ◽  
Valentina Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Geological Discontinuities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shallow Strata

<p>Current global climate changes represent a threat for the stability of the polar regions and may result in cascading broad impacts. Studies conducted on permafrost in the Arctic regions indicate that these areas may store almost twice the carbon currently present in the atmosphere. Therefore, permafrost thawing may potentially cause a significant increase of greenhouse gases concentrations in the atmosphere, exponentially rising the global warming effect. Although several studies have been carried out in the Arctic regions, there is a paucity of data available from the Southern Hemisphere. The Seneca project aims to fill this gap and to provide a first degree of evaluations of gas concentrations and emissions from permafrost and/or thawed shallow strata of the Dry Valleys in Antarctica. The Taylor and Wright Dry Valleys represent one of the few Antarctic areas that are not covered by ice and therefore represent an ideal target for permafrost investigations.</p><p>Here we present the preliminary results of a multidisciplinary field expedition conducted during the Antarctic summer in the Dry Valleys, aimed to collect and analyse soil gas and water samples, to measure CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> flux exhalation, to investigate the petrological soil properties, and to acquire geoelectrical profiles. The obtained data are used to 1) derive a first total emission estimate for methane and carbon dioxide in this part of the Southern Polar Hemisphere, 2) locate the potential presence of geological discontinuities that can act as preferential gas pathways for fluids release, and 3) investigate the mechanisms of gas migration through the shallow sediments. These results represent a benchmark for measurements in these climate sensitive regions where little or no data are today available.</p>

scholarly journals Marker-assisted selection for transfer of submergence tolerance, bacterial blight resistance and yield enhancement in the rice backcross derivatives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1288-1294
Author(s):  
Shibani Mohapatra ◽  
Akshaya Kumar Bastia ◽  
Alok Kumar Panda ◽  
Sharat Kumar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Submergence Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Blight Resistance ◽  
Rice Varieties

Achieving the demand and supply of rice for the increasing global population will be a challenging task beyond 2040. Therefore, the yield potential of popular rice varieties needs to be increased. The production from lowland rice can be enhanced by managing the major biotic and abiotic stresses faced in the ecology. In this work, we have developed the pipelines for gene stacking of submergence tolerance, bacterial blight resistance and yield component QTLs in the popular rice variety ‘Swarna’ by marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Genotyping results of 796 BC1F1 backcross derived lines showed the presence of GW2, OsSPL14, SCM2 yield component QTLs, Sub1A for submergence tolerance and bacterial blight resistance genes xa5 and Xa21 in the progenies. The four stacked QTLs and two resistance genes were observed in six backcrosses derived progenies only. These progenies will be used in the next generation for further selection and evaluation for enhancing submergence tolerance, yield potential and bacterial blight resistance in Swarna rice variety background.

scholarly journals СЦЕНАРІЇ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОРЯДКУ В УМОВАХ «НОВОЇ КЛІМАТИЧНОЇ ЕРИ»

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Ю. І. Калюжна
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
World Order ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Ecological Culture

The article explores the evolution and transformation of the concept of «climate policy» in the perspective of modern social and humanitarian discourse. The description of the main prognostic projections and scenarios of the future world order is carried out in the context of global climate changes and large-scale natural disasters of the New Climate Era – numerous natural and man-made disasters, increased areas unsuitable for life as a result of the growth of environmental refugees and climate migrants, mass protests, food shortages and lack of drinking water, epidemics. The necessity of strengthening collective responsibility and the need for recoding existing «green programs» in accordance with the format of the New Global Climate-Ecological Doctrine, based on the value-normative imperative of global environmental awareness, ecological culture and environmental education, was emphasized. Attention is focused on the need for not only the declarative integration of the modern Ukrainian state into the world club of Green Policy and Low-carbon Economy, but also the search for and effective implementation of the latest procedures for the protection and preservation of the environment. In the category of «global challenges of the twenty-first century» – terrorism, war, poverty, unemployment, migrants, etc. – climate change and natural disasters will be the vanguard of world order transformations. The chronological contours of the «New Climatic Era» – as «blurred, uncertain, ghostly», and therefore, it's time to reject politico-ideological, financial-economic, socio-cultural, philosophical and religious differences, get rid of the «pseudo-optimistic view» on the climate and environmental future and synchronize the work of politicians, scientists, activists on the design and implementation of the global New Climate and Environmental Doctrine. Іt should be emphasized that the delay and inaction of politicians in solving climate and environmental problems leads to radicalization of ecological movements, eco activists increase pressure and demands in proportion to the deterioration of the situation with the environment, the rhetoric of peaceful demonstrations and environmental actions is changing to partisan environmental wars, in particular, the organization Deep Ecological Resistance (Deep Green Resistance).

scholarly journals Stable Soil Microbial Functional Structure Responding to Biodiversity Loss Based on Metagenomic Evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaihai Chen ◽  
Kayan Ma ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Zhiyuan Yao ◽  
Chengjin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Anthropogenic disturbances and global climate change are causing large-scale biodiversity loss and threatening ecosystem functions. However, due to the lack of knowledge on microbial species loss, our understanding on how functional profiles of soil microbes respond to diversity decline is still limited. Here, we evaluated the biotic homogenization of global soil metagenomic data to examine whether microbial functional structure is resilient to significant diversity reduction. Our results showed that although biodiversity loss caused a decrease in taxonomic species by 72%, the changes in the relative abundance of diverse functional categories were limited. The stability of functional structures associated with microbial species richness decline in terrestrial systems suggests a decoupling of taxonomy and function. The changes in functional profile with biodiversity loss were function-specific, with broad-scale metabolism functions decreasing and typical nutrient-cycling functions increasing. Our results imply high levels of microbial physiological versatility in the face of significant biodiversity decline, which, however, does not necessarily mean that a loss in total functional abundance, such as microbial activity, can be overlooked in the background of unprecedented species extinction.

scholarly journals NH787 EMS mutant of rice variety Nagina22 exhibits higher phosphate use efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugandhar Poli ◽  
Veronica Nallamothu ◽  
Ai Hao ◽  
Muddapuram Deeksha Goud ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphate Use Efficiency

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.), a major dietary source, is often cultivated in soils poor in available inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), which is a key nutrient for growth and development. Poor soils are amended by phosphorus (P) fertilizer, which is derived from the non-renewable rock phosphate reserves. Therefore, there is a need for developing rice varieties with high productivity under low P conditions. At the ICAR-IIRR, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized rice genotype Nagina22 (N22) were screened for high grain yield in Pi-deprived soil, which led to the identification of ~ 10 gain-of-function mutants including NH787. Here, detailed comparative morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses of N22 and NH787 were carried out in hydroponics and potting soil under different Pi regimes. Under Pi-deprived condition, compared with N22, NH787 exhibited higher root and vegetative biomass, the number of tillers, and grain yield. The augmented agronomic traits of NH787 were corroborated with significantly higher photosynthetic rate, pollen fertility, stigma receptivity, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Further, several genes involved in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis (GPH) were differentially regulated. The study thus revealed a wide-spectrum influence of the mutation in NH787 that contributed towards its higher Pi use efficiency (PUE).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document