Studi Kebiasaan Makanan Kerang Pokea (Batissa violacea var celebensis, von Martens 1897) Saat Penambangan Pasir di Sungai Pohara Sulawesi Tenggara

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahtiar, Wanurgayah Nur Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Reproduction Activity

ABSTRAKSungai Pohara merupakan sungai dengan kondisi produktivitas berfluktuasi yangdisebabkan oleh aktivitas penambangan pasir. Kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi kualitasdan kuantitas makanan kerang pokea yang mendiami segmen muara sungai ini.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis makanan berdasarkan jeniskelamin, ukuran, spasial dan temporal di Sungai Pohara Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitiandilakukan di Sungai Pohara selama setahun dari bulan Maret 2007- Februari 2008.Sampel pokea diambil dalam berbagai kelas ukuran sebanyak 20 ekor per stasiun dalamsebulan selama setahun. Selanjutnya sampel lambung diamati di bawah mikroskop dandiindetifikasi menggunakan buku Mizuno dan Edmonson. Data dianalisis secara semikuantitatif melalui persentase komposisi makanan dari Indeks Bagian Terbesar. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks bagian terbesar dalam lambung pokea jantan danbetina adalah detritus. Pada daerah tanpa penambangan pasir ditemukan jenis makanandari kelompok plankton lebih besar dibanding daerah dengan penambangan pasir. Indeksbagian terbesar pada lambung pokea didominasi jenis makanan plankton pada bulanAgustus dan September seiring aktivitas reproduksi (kematangan dan pemijahan). Kerangpokea pada kelas ukuran lebih kecil lebih banyak memfilter makanan dari jenis planktondan terus mengalami perubahan jenis makanan pada ukuran yang lebih besar yang lebihbanyak memanfaatkan detritus. Komposisi makanan kerang pokea mengalami perubahanseiring dengan perubahan spasial (aktivitas penambangan pasir), temporal dan pergeserankelas ukuran.Kata kunci : kerang, pokea, kebiasaan makanan, penambangan pasir, sungai pohara ABSTRACTFluctuated production of Pohara river is a real condition due to sand mining activity. Thiscondition can prominently affect the quality and quantity of food of pokea shellfish. Thisresearch was done to know species composition of prey based on sex, size, spacial dantemporal of Pohara river, south east Sulawesi. A full one year (Mart 2007 to February2008) research was conducted in Pohara river. Samples of 20 individual of pokea shellfishfor each station were obtained monthly. Gastrict samples of shellfish were observed undermicroscope and identified based on the books of Mizumo and Edmonson. Data wereanalized semi quantitative by mean of composition percentage of food for the highest partindex.. The results showed that the highest part index in gastric of male and female pokeashellfish was detritus. In the non sand mining area was found food in group of planktonwere much more compared to it from the mining area. During the months of August toSeptember, the highest part index of food in pokea gastric were dominated by plankton.This could be caused by the reproduction activity. The small size of pokea shellfish tend to feed plankton much more than the larger size of pokea which feed of much detritus.Food composition of pokea shellfish tends to change as the changes of spacial (sandmining activity), temporal, and size of shellfish.Key words : shellfish, pokea, feeding activity, and mining, pohara river

scholarly journals KOMUNITAS MAKROZOOBENTOS DI KAWASAN PENAMBANGAN PASIR DI SUNGAI PROGO (Macrozoobenthos Community in Sand Mining Area of Progo River)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Auladina Syafiya ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Functional Feeding Group ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sand And Gravel

AbstrakSungai memiliki peranan penting bagi manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya, di antaranya adalah sebagai habitat bagi komunitas makrozoobentos dan pemanfaatan material berupa pasir dan batu sebagai bahan bangunan. Sungai Progo merupakan salah satu sungai yang hampir di sepanjang sungainya terdapat aktivitas penambangan pasir. Jika aktivitas ini dilakukan terus menerus dalam jumlah banyak dan tanpa pengawasan yang baik dapat menyebabkan terjadinya erosi dan degradasi serta sedimentasi pada bagian-bagian tertentu sungai. Maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengaruh aktivitas penambangan pasir terhadap distribusi dan kemelimpahan komunitas makrozoobentos di Sungai Progo, serta Functional Feeding Group (FFG) yang paling melimpah dan parameter fisiko-kimia yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu mencuplik dan preparasi sampel makrozoobentos, identifikasi sampel, dan pengukuran parameter fisiko-kimia. Aktivitas penambangan pasir di Sungai Progo berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap makrozoobentos, yaitu dengan menyebabkan adanya erosi dan degradasi di kawasan penambangan pasir serta sedimentasi di bagian hilir. FFG makrozoobentos di Sungai Progo yang paling melimpah adalah tipe scraper dan collector. Berdasarkan analisis regresi dan korelasi Pearson didapatkan hasil bahwa fosfat berkorelasi positif terhadap densitas makrozoobentos di bagian hulu Sungai Progo, intensitas cahaya berkorelasi positif terhadap densitas makrozoobentos di bagian tengah Sungai Progo, dan kecepatan arus berkorelasi positif terhadap densitas makrozoobentos di bagian hilir Sungai Progo. AbstractRiver has an important role for human and other organisms, among them are as habitat of macrozoobenthos community and the utilization of the material, such as river sand and gravel for building material. Progo River is one of rivers which have sand mining activities almost all along the river. If this activity being done continuously, in a big amount and without a good supervision, it could lead to erosion, degradation and sedimentation in some specific parts. Therefore, this research has an aim to study the effects of sand mining activity towards the distribution and the abundance of macrozoobenthos community in Progo River, and also to study which Functional Feeding Group (FFG) is the most abundant and the physic-chimic parameter that affecting them. This research was conducted in three steps, sampling and preparation of macrozoobenthos’s sample, sample’s identification, and the measurement physicochemical parameter. Sand mining activity in Progo River effect indirectly towards macrozoobenthos by causing erosion and degradation in sand mining area as well as sedimentation in downstream. The most abundant FFG of macrozobenthos in sand mining area of Progo River are scraper and collector. Based on regression and Pearson correlation analysis the results show that phosphate correlated positively against the density of macrozoobenthos in the headwaters of Progo River, light intensity correlated positively against the density of macrozoobenthos in the midstream of the Progo River, and current velocity correlated positively against the density of macrozoobenthos in the downstream of the Progo River.

scholarly journals Can anthropic fires affect epigaeic and hypogaeic Cerrado ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) communities in the same way?

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Oliveira Canedo-Júnior ◽  
Rafael Gonçalves Cuissi ◽  
Nelson Henrique De Almeida Curi ◽  
Guilherme Ramos Demetrio ◽  
Chaim José Lasmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
One Year

Fire occurrences are a common perturbation in Cerrado ecosystems, and may differently impact the local biodiversity. Arthropods are one of the taxa affected by fires, and among them, ants are known as good bioindicators. We aimed to evaluate the effect of anthropic fires on epigaeic and hypogaeic ant communities (species richness and composition) in Cerrado areas with different post-fire event recovery periods. We conducted the study in four Cerrado areas during two weeks of 2012 dry season: one unburned and three at different post-fire times (one month, one and two years). We sampled ants with pitfall traps in epigaeic and hypogaeic microhabitats. We collected 71 ant morpho-species from 25 genera. In the epigaeic microhabitat we sampled 56 morpho-species and 42 in the hypogaeic microhabitat. The area with the shortest recovery time presented lower epigaeic ant species richness (4.3 ± 2.00) in comparison to the other areas (8.1 ± 2.68 species on one year area; 10.3 ± 2.66 species on two years area; 10.4 ± 2.31 species on control area), but recovery time did not affect hypogaeic ant species richness. Regarding ant species composition, fire did not directly affect hypogaeic ant species, which remained the same even one month after fire event. However, two years were not enough to reestablish ant species composition in both microhabitats in relation to our control group samples. Our study is the first to assess anthropic fire effects upon epigaeic and hypogaeic ants communities; highlighting the importance of evaluating different microhabitats, to more accurately detect the effects of anthropic disturbances in biological communities. We concluded that ant communities are just partially affected by fire occurrences, and epigaeic assemblages are the most affected ones in comparison to hypogaeic ants. Furthermore the study provides knowledge to aid in the creation of vegetation management programs that allow Cerrado conservation.

Biofilm characterization of several wastewater treatment plants with rotating biological contactors in Madrid (Spain)

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pérez-Uz ◽  
C. Franco ◽  
M. Martín-Cereceda ◽  
L. Arregui ◽  
I. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Ciliate Species ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
One Year

Ciliate communities were studied in the biofilms of three plants with rotating biological contactors (RBCs) over the period of one year. The aims of this study were: (i) to characterize ciliates to species level; (ii) to determine their abundance and spatial variation through the biological system; and (iii) to relate the spatial segregation and richness of ciliate species to plant performance. A number of species ranging from 33 to 67 were identified at the different plants. The overall best represented groups were peritrichs followed by scuticociliates (Las Matas), cyrtophorids (Boadilla) or hypotrichs (Camarma). Comparison of RBCs and activated sludge communities indicated that even though both were mainly constituted by peritrichs, differences in groups and species composition were observed.

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of two pioneer legumes in a coastal plain degraded by sand mining

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Oliveira Fidalgo ◽  
Débora Marcouizos Guimarães ◽  
Gabriela Toledo Caldiron ◽  
José Marcos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Bombus Morio ◽  
Effective Pollinator ◽  
Frequent Visitor

ABSTRACT The present study evaluates and compares the phenology, pollination biology and breeding systems of Chamaecrista desvauxii (Collad.) Killip.and Clitoria laurifolia Poir. in a coastal plain degraded by sand mining in São Paulo State, Brazil, from January 2006 to May 2008. Flowering and fruiting events occurred in the warm and rainy season. Both species are self-compatible but only C. desvauxii was pollinator-dependent to set fruits. A small group of bees, comprising Eufrisea sp., Eulaema (Apeulaema) cingulata and Bombus morio, accessed the male and female floral structures and moved among individuals resulting in cross-pollinations. However, only B. morio was a frequent visitor and an effective pollinator. Although recruitment and survival of population in the study area are high for both species, we observed lower abundance and richness of visitors suggesting the possible lack of pollinators and pollen limitation.

Interns in Professional Sport: An Investigation of Gender Parity on the Job

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Cuneen ◽  
M. Joy Sidwell
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
Job Benefits ◽  
One Year ◽  
Management Students ◽  
Big Four

Internships permit sport management students to link classroom learning to the professional environment. Since internships provide students with opportunities to learn on-the-job and test their skills in the marketplace, the experiences should be uniformly beneficial to all students regardless of gender. This study was conducted to describe internship work conditions (i.e., opportunities to perform in essential marketplace functions) for male and female sport management interns assigned to ‘Big Four’ professional sport organizations. Participants were 74 sport industry professionals who supervised a total of 103 interns over a one-year period. A X2 Test of Independence found that male and female interns working in professional sport had comparable opportunities to perform and learn on the job. Differences in opportunity, hiring practices, and on-the-job benefits emerged primarily as a function of job specialization (e.g., operations, marketing, venue management), league/association, or gender of the internship supervisor rather than gender of the interns.

scholarly journals Expression profiling of key pathways in rat liver after a one-year feeding trial with transgenic maize MON810

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Stein ◽  
Guangyao Ran ◽  
Marc Bohmer ◽  
Soroush Sharbati ◽  
Ralf Einspanier
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Maize Mon810 ◽  
One Year

AbstractIn a recent one-year feeding study, we observed no adverse effects on tissue level in organs of rats fed with the genetically-modified maize MON810. Here, we assessed RNA expression levels of 86 key genes of the apoptosis-, NF-кB-, DNA-damage response (DDR)-, and unfolded-protein response (UPR) pathways by RT-qPCR in the rat liver. Male and female rats were fed either with 33% MON810 (GMO), isogenic- (ISO), or conventional maize (CONV) and RNAs were quantified from eight rats from each of the six feeding groups. Only Birc2 transcript showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) consistent difference of ≥1.5-fold between the GMO and ISO groups in both sexes. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed a strong separation of male and female rats, but no clustering of the feeding groups. Individual analysis of the pathways did not show any clustering of the male or female feeding groups either, though transcript levels of UPR pathway-associated genes caused some clustering of the male GMO and CONV feeding group samples. These differences were not seen between the GMO and ISO control or within the female cohort. Our data therefore does not support an adverse effect on rat liver RNA expression through the long-term feeding of MON810 compared to isogenic control maize.

scholarly journals Assessment of facial asymmetry and establishment of threshold of sub-clinical asymmetry in Malwa population

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Chandni Bharti ◽  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
Harsh Vibhor Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Government College ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Wilcoxon Paired Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Side Dominance

Introduction: The word symmetry is derived from the Greek word ‘symmetries’ which means ‘of like measure’. Facial symmetry can be defined in numerous ways, one being associated with the state of facial equilibrium, in which there is a correspondence in size, shape, and arrangement of facial landmarks on the opposite sides. Materials & Method: The 1427 subjects in the present study were selected from the Out Patient Department of Government College of Dentistry, Indore(M.P), who presented with aesthetically pleasing faces over a period of one year (October 2013-0ctober 2014). Out of the 1427 patients examined 150 (17-30 years) subjects were randomly included. Photographs and orthopantomogram of all the 150 patients were obtained. Result: The photographs and orthopantomogram were analyzed & Absolute value of Asymmetry Index was taken for all the measurements. Comparison of absolute Asymmetry index of different parameters between male and female subjects was performed. Wilcoxon paired test showed right side predominance for the parameter corpus length, middle facial width, cheek length, lower facial width. Conclusion: In the present study an attempt was made to quantify sub-clinical asymmetries in clinically symmetrical faces. Minor asymmetries were observed in nearly all individuals taken up for the study. There is no association of gender with predominance of facial asymmetry. On assessment of side predominance of asymmetry it was concluded that the right side dominance of asymmetry for corpus length, middle facial width, cheek length, lower facial width. A threshold value of 6% for sub-clinical asymmetry was established from this study except for condylar and coronoid.

scholarly journals Dimension and Crushed Stones Extraction as a Source of Social and Environmental Conflicts in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Katarzyna Pactwa
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Open Cast Mining ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Crushed and dimension stones, which include 33 lithological varieties among igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks, are mainly located in the southern and south-western part of Poland. Demand for this group of minerals is continuously high, which results from conducted and planned infrastructural investments. Mining activity is associated with interference in the natural environment. Negative consequences of exploitation include, among others: Land surface deformations, and the pollution of the soil, air, and water. In many cases, the extraction of minerals also leads to the liquidation of housing and transportation infrastructure located in the mining area, as well as to reducing the value of real estate in the immediate vicinity of the deposit or to increase in the level of stress among local residents, who are exposed to noise, which causes growing social conflicts in areas designated for exploitation. Thus, the awareness of negative effects of undertaking open-cast mining leads to the conflicts between various groups of stakeholders (residents, environmental organizations, mining entrepreneurs). Through the use of multi-criteria evaluation, this article identifies the places of potential social and environmental conflicts resulting from the planned mining activity in three areas of the densest occurrence of the analysed deposits (Lower Silesia Province, Lesser Poland Province and Świętokrzyskie Province). The assessment of lands over the deposits recognized initially and in detail was proposed, determining the degree of their accessibility. Due to the proposed method, it’s possible to obtain results of the classification of each fragment of the analysed deposit, as well as the surroundings of such deposit at any distance from it, within the boundaries of analysed area. Information may be made available to users of the deposits, mining enterprises interested in exploitation of the deposits or administration responsible for issuing decisions regarding concessions for exploitations of the deposits, so that they have knowledge about conflict areas in the region, resulting from the impact of planned mining activity on life and health of the people and on the environment.

scholarly journals Seismic Exploration of the River Sand Mining Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 052028
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Yanhai Wang ◽  
Jun Mei
Keyword(s):  
Mining Area ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
River Sand

A Qualitative Study of Courtship and Reproductive Behavior in the Pearl Gourami, Trig'Hogaster Leeri (Bleeker)

Behaviour ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph J. Miller ◽  
Darrell D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviors ◽  
Preparatory Phase ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

AbstractAn ethological study of courtship and reproductive behavior of the anabantoid fish, Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker), was conducted on 6 breeding pairs in aquaria. Sexual behavior in this species is characterized by stereotyped behaviors and a distinct temporal pattern of activities that presumably aids in species isolation. Data were taken on form and structural features of bubble-nests, colors of male and female, and behaviors occurring during daily or twice-daily 15-minute observation periods over a period of approximately one year. Spawning sequences usually last 2 to 5 hours in this species and are characterized by several different bout types (interactions between male and female), which may be initiated by either male or female. The major phases observed were: (1) prespawning preparatory phase (2) courtship phase (3) clasp (4) swimming inhibition (5) postspawning aggression and (6) interval between bouts. The prespawning phase in males is generally characterized by establishment of a nest-territory, development of breeding color, and elongation of dorsal and anal fin soft-rays. This phase in females is usually marked by increased abdominal plumpness and changes in color and body-markings. Strictly speaking, only the latter parts of this phase occur during spawnings. Spawning bouts (stages 2, 3, and 4 of the ethogram) comprise approximately 7% of all bouts and many of these do not follow an "ideal" pattern. Spawning bouts usually last 50-55 seconds with courtship requiring 12-15 seconds, the clasp about 25 seconds, swimming inhibition 2-5 seconds, and postspawning aggression 3-6 seconds. Female courtship butting precedes almost all spawnings and appears to release leading-to-the-nest, lateral spread display, and curving in sexually responsive males. Spawning bouts generally contain fewer female courtship butts than most other sexual bouts and a conspicuous difference exists between female courtship butting means in spawning and pseudospawning bouts. Although reproductive behavior in T. leeri is stereotyped, variation in form, sequence, and duration of components is evident. Flexibility and adaptability are common so that variation within certain limits may be tolerated and/or compensated for. Hyperaggressiveness, physiological condition, low sexual motivation, mechanical problems, and previous experience appear to be important factors in determining the success of sexual bouts in T. leeri. Reproductive color changes, body-marking changes, and sexual dimorphism provide visual stimuli that may aid in the synchronization of reproductive behavior.

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