scholarly journals Formulasi Sediaan Gel Sari Buah Duwet (Syzygium cumini) dengan Basis Karbopol 940 Sebagai Gelling Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Yohanes Juliantoni
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Free Radical Activity ◽  
Made In

Duwet fruit (Syzygium cumini) is a local Indonesian fruit that has many benefits. Duwet juice contains antioxidants that have DPPH free radical activity. But the use of duwet fruit is not practical for modern society. This research was conducted to formulate duwet juice into a gel-based carbopol 940 with the physical quality test of the gel. Duwet fruit extraction was tested for phytochemical screening qualitatively. The gel is made in 5 formulas namely I (100% aquadest: 0% ethanol 70%); II (75% aquadest: 25% ethanol 70%); III (50% aquadest: 50% ethanol 70%); IV (25% aquadest: 75% ethanol 70%); and V (0% aquadest: 100% ethanol 70%). The results showed that Duwet juice contained of flavonoid, polyphenols, and anthocyanins based on phytochemical screening tests. The formula of gel I, II, and III has fulfilled the pH requirements of 4.5-6.5, homogeneity, and spread capacity of 5-7 cm. Increasing the concentration of 70% ethanol in the gel formula will increase the pH value and spread capacity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Trietanolamin Dan Asam Stearat Terhadap Mutu Fisik Dan Stabilitas Mekanik Krim Sari Buah Tomat

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Rahma Mudhana ◽  
Anasthasia Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Centrifugation Method ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Made In

Tomatoes contain lycopene which is an antioxidant. Antioxidant preparations can be made in the form of a cream with components of an oil phase, a water phase and an emulsifier. Emulsifiers that can be used are triethanolamine (TEA) and stearic acid. This study aims to determine the effect of triethanolamine and stearic acid as emulsifiers on the physical quality and mechanical stability of tomatoes extract cream. The use of triethanolamine and stearic acid with a ratio of 2%:5%; 3%:10%; 4%:15%. The test are the physical characteristics of tomatoes extract cream included organoleptic, homogeneity, cream type, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, protection and mechanical stability using the centrifugation method. The results of the phytochemical screening of tomatoes extract were positive for triterpenoids. The test results of the three cream formulas are odorless, semi-solid form, light orange to white color, homogeneous, cream type M/A, pH 5.25 - 6.26; viscosity 5,376 cP - 14,370 cP, spreadability 4 - 5,067 cm, adhesion 4 - 11.6 seconds, protection power 2 - 5.2 seconds. The three cream formulas did not undergo phase separation. The higher concentration of TEA and stearic acid had an effect on viscosity, pH value, adhesion, dispersibility and protection, but had no effect on organoleptic, homogeneity, cream type, and stability. tomatoes extract cream with a concentration of TEA:stearic acid 2%:5% gave the best physical quality.

scholarly journals Oleic Acid Based Emulgel for Topical Delivery of Ofloxacin

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
A. Manaswitha ◽  
P. V. L. D. Sai Swetha ◽  
N.K.D. Devi ◽  
K. Naveen Babu ◽  
K. Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Carbopol 940

The objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate ofloxacin emulgel. Emulgel formulations of ofloxacin were prepared using different concentrations of gelling agent’s Carbopol-940 and Xanthum gum. Tween-80 and span-80 were used as emulsifiers and propylene glycol as a humectant in the preparation of emulgel. The effect of the concentration of gelling agent on the drug release from the prepared emulgel was investigated. The compatibility study was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The formulated emulgel was characterized by their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, microbial test and in vitro diffusion study. FTIR indicated that the drug and excipients used in the study are compatible with each other. All the prepared formulations showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity, and pH value. Drug release from all the formulations depended upon the concentration of the polymer used. As the concentration of Carbopol 940 increased the spreadability and drug release was found to be decreased. Emulgels formulated with oleic acid gave a much higher release rate of ofloxacin than emulgels formulated with liquid paraffin. The release of drug from all the emulgels prepared followed Zero-order kinetics. The linear Higuchi plots indicated that the drug release from all the emulgels prepared followed diffusion kinetics. Emulgel formulated with oleic acid exhibited greater flux when compared with those formulated with liquid paraffin. The formulations were found to be stable during stability testing. It can be concluded that Carbopol 940 and oleic acid are recommended for the formulation and preparation of Ofloxacin emulgels for topical drug delivery. Key words: Ofloxacin, Emulgel, Spreadibility, Zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals STUDYING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GELLING AGENT ON THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METRONIDAZOLE AS TOPICAL EMULGEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOOR M DAOOD ◽  
ZAINAB E JASSIM ◽  
MOWAFAQ M GAREEB ◽  
HIBA ZEKI
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
Metronidazole Benzoate

Objective: Emulgels as topical dosage form recently gains an interest represent a combination of gels and emulsions in united form. Metronidazole is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug, as the first topical therapy approved for rosacea; metronidazole has remained a cornerstone of rosacea management. Methods: Emulgel formulations of metronidazole benzoate were prepared using two types of gelling agents, Carbopol 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the influence of type and concentration of them on the release of metronidazole benzoate was investigated. The prepared formulations were evaluated on the basis of pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, in vitro release, and compatibility studies. Results: All the prepared emulgels showed acceptable physical properties concerning color, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, and pH value. Conclusion: The best formulation (F4) prepared using Carbopol 940 as gelling agent showed the highest drug release through 5 h.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antipsoriatic activity of gel containing Pongamia pinnata extract on Imiquimod-induced psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Wadher ◽  
Shital Dabre ◽  
Anjali Gaidhane ◽  
Sagar Trivedi ◽  
Milind Umekar
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
In Vitro Diffusion ◽  
Gel Formulations ◽  
Disease And Disorders

Abstract Background Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) is among those categories of plants mentioned in Ayurveda and traditionally known to use in several types of disease and disorders. The objective of the present work was to investigate the anti-psoriatic activity of Pongamia pinnata leaves extracts in Herbal gel formulation. Results Hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata was first subjected to phytochemical screening and quantification of phytoconstituents. Herbal gel was prepared containing Pongamia pinnata extracts using Carbopol 934 as gelling agent. The prepared gel formulations were studied for pH, viscosity, Spreadability and in vitro diffusion studies. The imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse model, showed a prominent anti-psoriatic activity of the extract as evident through index grading. Treatment with extract confirmed a noteworthy reduction in psoriasis in the treated groups as there was a considerable diminution in the thickness and scaling of skin. Conclusions Lack of proper treatment and disadvantages associated with allopathic medicines pave the way to extensive research in natural products with anti-psoriatic activity. The present research scientifically justified the anti-psoriatic activity of the Hydroalcoholic extracts of Pongamia pinnata leaves.

scholarly journals Formulation and characterization of a novel pH-triggered in-situ gelling ocular system containing Gatifloxacin

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovita Kanoujia ◽  
Kanchan Sonker ◽  
Manisha Pandey ◽  
Koshy M Kymonil ◽  
Shubhini A Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
In Situ Gelling ◽  
Gel Transition

The present research work deals with the formulation and evaluation of in-situ gelling system based on sol-to-gel transition for ophthalmic delivery of an antibacterial agent gatifloxacin, to overcome the problems of poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional formulations based a sol-to-gel transition in the cul-de-sac upon instillation. Carbopol 940 was used as the gelling agent in combination with HPMC and HPMC K15M which acted as a viscosity enhancing agent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pH, clarity, drug content, gelling capacity, bioadhesive strength and in-vitro drug release. In-vitro drug release data of optimized formulation (F12) was treated according to Zero, First, Korsmeyer Peppas and Higuchi kinetics to access the mechanism of drug release. The clarity, pH, viscosity and drug content of the developed formulations were found in range 6.0-6.8, 10-570cps, 82-98% respectively. The gel provided sustained drug release over an 8 hour period. The developed formulation can be used as an in-situ gelling vehicle to enhance ocular bioavailability and the reduction in the frequency of instillation thereby resulting in better patient compliance. Key Words: In-situ gelation; Gatifloxacin; Carbopol 940; HPMC K15M. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i3.9661 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(3): 43-49

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES AND STEM OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA IN DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Praveen Garg ◽  
Rajesh Garg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Drugs

Tinospora cordifolia is known as Giloe and Guduchi, with significant importance in the traditional medicinal systems. It is dioeciously plant. It is mostly used in Ayurved system. It is also known as a ‘Rasayans’ of medicinal system, which develops immune system of the body and protect against infection. The aim of this study is carried out to analyse the phytochemical compounds in leaves and stem extracts of T. cordifolia by using phytochemical screening tests and estimate total flavonoid content (TFC) by using aluminium chloride method in the sample extracts. The leaf and stem extracts of T. cordifolia expressed the presence of several phytochemicals viz., flavonoids, amino acids, diterpines, protein, saponins and carbohydrates. The result of phytochemical screening tests revealed that diterpines and carbohydrates are positive in all extracts of T. cordifolia, but flavonoids and saponins only present in  methanol and ethanol extracts. TFC of T. cordifolia was higher in ethanolic leaves extracts than mathanolic leaves extracts. The studies justify that T. cordifolia use in traditional medicines. The investigation further proposed that the phytochemicals present in stems and leaves of T. cordifolia, which can be use as natural antioxidants in medicinal drugs. Keywords: Tinospora cordifolia, Phytochemicals, Flavonoids

scholarly journals FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF PERASAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) DENGAN GELLING AGENT POLIVINIL ALKOHOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ivan Santoso ◽  
Tria Prayoga ◽  
Ika Agustina ◽  
Wiwit Setya Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Made In

Aloe vera (Aloe Vera L.) is a plant which commonly used by local people as moisturizer. The usage of aloe vera can be applied in form of peeled off gel mask with polyvinyl alcohol as gelling agent. The goal of this research is to determine the influence of increase of polyvinyl alcohol as gelling agent to the formulation of peeled off mask from aloe vera juice. The formulation was made in a few concentration, 10%, 12%, and 14% by adding 0,5% of aloe vera juice. After that, the formulation evaluated for 4 weeks about the organoleptics, homogenity, pH, drying time and viscosity. The date of pH test and drying time analyzed by using one way ANOVA statistically and then followed by Tukey HSD test and the viscosity analyzed by using Kruskall Wallis statistically which result in the significantcy less than 0,05 that mean there are difference in drying time and viscosity, on the other hand there is no difference in pH.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC FACTORS ON THE ENZYMATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE SOIL

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
E.V. Tovstik ◽  
◽  
A.S. Olkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Made In

Аn attempt is made in this work to establish correlations between the level of enzymatic activity of the soil and factors of an abiotic nature. It was found that the activity of invertase and urease in the soils of more southern territories is higher than that of northern ones. In soils with a pH value of the soil environment close to neutral reaction, the level of enzymatic activity is higher than in more acidic ones. The most sensitive to soil acidity among the studied urease enzymes. In relation to zinc, an inverse correlation was established between its content in the soil and the level of invertase activity. According to the degree of resistance to salinity, the enzymes are arranged in the following order: catalase> invertase> urease. An increase in the mineralization of the soil solution leads to an increase in the activity of urease. Of the studied enzymes, the most labile are representatives of the class of hydrolases (invertase and urease), less labile are oxidoreductases (catalase). Thus, when diagnosing the state of the soil by the level of enzymatic activity, it is necessary to take into account the main abiotic factors affecting the activity of enzymes: the average annual air temperature; pH and mineralization of the soil solution; the content of substances that inhibit microorganisms and block exozymes.

scholarly journals The structure and features of the civil status of an individual entrepreneur in modern Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3C) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Dina Viktorovna Alontseva ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Vorobyev ◽  
Olga Anatolyevna Lavrishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Made In

Based on the analysis of the modern legislation of the Russian Federation and taking into account the existing scientific concepts, the authors studied in detail the legal nature and identified the features of certain types of legal statuses of an individual entrepreneur, as well as revealed the structure and analyzed in detail the specifics of the civil status of an entrepreneur in modern Russia. As a result of the conducted research, the author's concept of the "civil status of an individual entrepreneur" was formulated and the need for the adoption of the Federal Law "On the legal status of an individual entrepreneur in the Russian Federation" was justified. The practical significance of the work is determined by the fact that the conclusions made in the course of the study can contribute to improving the legal status of entrepreneurs in modern society at the legislative level. The methodological basis of this study was made up of general scientific, private and special methods of cognition.

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