scholarly journals SUPRAPATELLA IN RATS

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 702-705
Author(s):  
KHADIJA IQBAL
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Animal House

Objectives: Researches have focused their attention on articular cartilage of various bones but neglected suprapatella so this study was designed to study the histological changes in fibrocartilage of suprapatella in rats while studying immobilization. Data Source: 20 male Sprague Dawley rats were procured from animal house NIH Islamabad. Design of Study: Experimental. Setting: The study was carried out at the animal house College of Physician and Surgeons Islamabad. Duration: The duration of study was 6 weeks from 01-06-2009 to 05-07- 2009. Materials & Methods: A total of 20 male Sprague Dawley rats 3 months old were used. They were divided into two groups. Each group contained 10 animals. Group 1consisted of control animals that were not immobilized. Group 2 were immobilized for four weeks. The right hind limbs of rats were immobilized with plaster of Paris cast. Care was taken to cover the knee joint completely. At the end of experimental period the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform. The skin over knee joint was dissected and the joint along with supra patella was exposed. The knee joint was cut in sagittal plane. It was stored in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Specimen was decalcified using Ethylene diamine tetra acid (EDTA). After processing for making paraffin blocks 10μm and 7 μm sections were cut from the same block and stained as given below. Mallory Trichrome stain was used for 10μm thick sections to demonstrate collagen content. H & E stain was used for 7 μm thick sections to study routine histology of supra patellar articular cartilage. Results: On four weeks immobilization small necrotic areas were observed in the suprapatella and splits were also observed. Conclusions: It is therefore concluded that suprapatella can be as prominent as the patella itself. It shows necrotic changes on immobilization and is present in a number of animals that are highly significant in orthopedic research.

Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on the deformability and aggregation of red blood cells in a rat endotoxemia model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun-Hee Kim ◽  
Sung-Uk Choi ◽  
Jung-Min Youn ◽  
Seung-Ha Cha ◽  
Hyeon-Ju Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Endotoxemia Model ◽  
Elongation Index ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Severe Ischemia

BACKGROUND: The prevention of rheologic alterations in erythrocytes may be important for reducing sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to prevent tissue damage caused by severe ischemia and mortality resulting from sepsis. However, the effect of RIPC on erythrocytes in sepsis is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of RIPC on rheologic alterations in erythrocytes in sepsis. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. An endotoxin-induced sepsis model was established by intraperitoneally injecting 20 mg/kg LPS (LPS group). RIPC was induced in the right hind limb using a tourniquet, with three 10-minute of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion cycles immediately before the injection of LPS (RIPC/LPS group) or phosphate-buffered saline (RIPC group). The aggregation index (AI), time to half-maximal aggregation (T1/2), and maximal elongation index (EImax) of the erythrocytes were measured 8 h after injection. RESULTS: The AI, T1/2, and EImax values in the LPS and RIPC/LPS groups differed significantly from those in the RIPC group, but there were no differences between the values in the LPS and RIPC/LPS groups. CONCLUSIONS: RIPC did not prevent rheologic alterations in erythrocytes in the rat model of LPS-induced endotoxemia.

scholarly journals Naringen Ameliorates Cyanide-induced Testicular and Epididymal Changes in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
A.M. Sanni ◽  
C.A. Idaguko ◽  
D.O. Abdulazeez ◽  
O.S. Adeleke ◽  
B.A. Falana
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Cyanide is one of the toxic, hazardous metals widely dispersed in the environment at high levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative role of Naringenin on male reproductive parameters in cyanide exposed mice.A total number of 28 Albino mice were divided into four groups, each group comprises of 7 mice (n= 7). The animals were housed in a well-lighted and ventilated plastic cages at a controlled temperature with 12h light/dark cycle maintained throughout the experimental period. All the Mice were acclimatized for 2 weeks before commencement of the study. Group 1 were control mice, group 2 received cyanide (1.2mg/kg bw) only, group 3 received Cyanide (1.2mg/kg bw) and Naringenin (50mg/kg bw) daily and group 4 received a daily administration of Naringenin (50mg/kg bw). All the treatments were done at 7:00 am every morning and the experiment lasted for 14 days. Twenty-four hours after 14th day of treatment, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were collected via Ocular sinus into lithium-heparin bottles for haematological and hormonal assay. The right testis was excised and quickly placed in Bouin's fluid and processed for histological examination while the left testis was placed in sucrose and processed for antioxidant assay.Results from this study showed significant reduction in serum testosterone levels, oxidative damage, reduced packed cell volume (PVC), reduced body weight gain and degenerative testicular microarchitecture in mice exposed to cyanide compared to control. Administration of Naringenin  reversed almost all the abnormalities in the parameters investigated showing significant protection against cyanide induced toxicity in mice. It is concluded that Naringenin showed affordable protection against cyanide induced toxicity on male reproductive profile. Keywords: Naringenin, cyanide, oxidative damage, testis.

scholarly journals Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) Modulates TCD4+ and TCD8+ Cell Profile of Doxorubicin-Induced Immuno-Suppressed Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3774-3776
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ridwan Lubis ◽  
Reny Haryani ◽  
Safriana Safriana ◽  
Denny Satria
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cell Profile ◽  
Group 1

AIM: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ethanolic extract of herb pugun tanoh on TCD4 and TCD8 cells in Doxorubicin-induced rats. METHODS: Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of six rats each as follows: Group 1, DOX-treated rats (4.67 mg/kg BW body weight on day 1 and 4) and were administered normal saline 0.9% orally once daily for 7 consecutive days, Group 2, receiving Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) of dose 150 mg/kg BW orally, Group 3, receiving dose Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) 300 mg/kg BW orally. The rats of group 2-3 were intramuscularly administered with doxorubicin at a dose of 4.67 mg/kg BW at the days 1-4 to suppress immune functions. RESULTS: Treatment of 300 mg/kg BW of Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) succeeded in reducing side effect doxorubicin based on increasing the TCD4+ and TCD8+ blood level. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) could increase the level of TCD4+ and TCD8+ in rats which induced by doxorubicin.

Effects of prior adrenalectomy on postpneumonectomy lung growth in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. E70-E74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bennett ◽  
P. C. Colony ◽  
J. L. Addison ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Compensatory Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Right

The effects of adrenalectomy, with and without subsequent glucocorticoid replacement therapy, on postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth in the rat were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-230 g) were subjected to no operation (UNOP), left pneumonectomy (PNX), or PNX preceded by bilateral adrenalectomy 5 days earlier (ADX/PNX). At 14 days post-PNX, when compensatory lung growth is normally complete in 200-g rats, right lung (RL) dry weights of PNX (263 +/- 6 mg, n = 26) and ADX/PNX (334 +/- 13 mg, n = 25) rats were increased 58 and 101%, respectively, relative to UNOP controls (166 +/- 5 mg, n = 10). Increases in total DNA, RNA, and protein in the right lungs of PNX and ADX/PNX rats occurred in proportion to RL dry mass. The increase in all parameters examined in PNX and ADX/PNX rats at 7 days post-PNX was half that at 14 days, indicating linear lung growth in both treatment groups. The stimulatory effect of ADX on lung growth was blocked by hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), administered intraperitoneally in daily doses of 5 mg/kg, beginning on the day of PNX. The RL dry weights of HCA-treated ADX/PNX rats (241 +/- 7 mg, n = 10) did not differ significantly from the corresponding value in PNX rats (270 +/- 14 mg, n = 7). The lower RL weights in the HCA-treated rats resulted from an inhibition of cell division, as evidenced by the total RL DNA content, which was similar to that in PNX animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN CONTRIBUTE INTO ATTENUATION OF ACUTE GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAYDER M AL-KURAISHY ◽  
ALI I AL-GAREEB ◽  
HUDA ABDULBAKI RASHEED
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific situation in which the excretion of toxic metabolites is reduced due to toxic agents and drugs. Gentamicin is an antibiotic belongs to aminoglycoside group which may induce nephrotoxicity due to induction of oxidative stress. Curcumin is a component of traditional medicine with significant nephroprotective effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of curcumin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with curcumin 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), and cystatin-C were measured in both control and experimental groups. Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels. Curcumin leads to significant reduction of blood urea and serum creatinine compared to gentamicin group, p<0.05. Curcumin also reduced MDA, KIM-1, and cystatin-C sera levels significantly compared to gentamicin group, p<0.01. Conclusion: Curcumin produced significant nephroprotective effect on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.

scholarly journals A 4-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Ssanghwa-Tang in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sae-Rom Yoo ◽  
Hyekyung Ha ◽  
Mee-Young Lee ◽  
Hyeun-kyoo Shin ◽  
Su-Cheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Information ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Ssanghwa-tang (SHT), a traditional herbal formula, has been widely used to recover fatigue or consumptive disease after an illness. Along with much attention to herbal formula, the concerns about the safety and toxicity have arisen. To establish the safety information, SHT was administrated in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley rats at a daily dose of 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. During the test periods, we examined the mortality, clinical observation, body weight change, food consumption, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters. No changes of mortality and necropsy findings occurred in any of the groups during the experimental period. In either sex of rats treated with SHT at 5000 mg/kg/day, changes were observed in food intake, reticulocyte, total bilirubin, some urinalysis parameters, and relative organ weights. The results indicated that SHT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats. This dosage was considered no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and was appropriate for a 13-week subchronic toxicity study.

scholarly journals Contralateral spreading of substances following intratympanic nanoparticle-conjugated gentamicin injection in a rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeon Lee ◽  
Jeonghyo Kim ◽  
Sangjin Oh ◽  
Gaon Jung ◽  
Ki-Jae Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Intratympanic Injection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Abstract This study was performed to investigate the Eustachian tube as a potential route for contralateral spreading following intratympanic nanoparticle (NP)-conjugated gentamicin injection in a rat model. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups and substances were injected in the right ear: group 1 (fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles [F-MNPs], n = 4), group 2 (F-MNP-conjugated gentamicin [F-MNP@GM], n = 2), and control group (no injections, n = 2). T2-weighted sequences corresponding to the regions of interest at 1, 2, and 3 h after intratympanic injection were evaluated, along with immunostaining fluorescence of both side cochlea. The heterogeneous signal intensity of F-MNPs and F-MNP@GM on T2-weighted images, observed in the ipsilateral tympanum, was also detected in the contralateral tympanum in 4 out of 6 rats, recapitulating fluorescent nanoparticles in the contralateral cochlear hair cells. Computational simulations demonstrate the contralateral spreading of particles by gravity force following intratympanic injection in a rat model. The diffusion rate of the contralateral spreading relies on the sizes and surface charges of particles. Collectively, the Eustachian tube could be a route for contralateral spreading following intratympanic injection. Caution should be taken when using the contralateral ear as a control study investigating inner-ear drug delivery through the transtympanic approach.

scholarly journals Cardiotoxic effects of pavetamine extracted from Pavetta harborii in the rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hay ◽  
R.A. Schultz ◽  
P.J. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induce Heart Failure

Previous studies have shown that crude extracts from Pavetta harborii as well as dried plant material have cardiotoxic effects on rats and sheep that can lead to heart failure. The active component has since been isolated and identified. This substance has been named pavetamine. The aim of this study was to determine whether pavetamine has cardiotoxic effects similar to those seen in previous reports, when administered to rats intraperitoneally. Sprague Dawley rats received two doses, initially 4 mg / kg and then 3 mg / kg pavetamine respectively and were monitored for 35 days before cardiodynamic parameters were measured by inserting a fluid-filled catheter into the left ventricle via the right carotid artery. These values were compared to those of control rats that had received only saline. Pavetamine significantly reduced systolic function and body mass in the treated rats, which indicates that it has the potential to induce heart failure in this animal model.

Effects of Electroacupuncture with Different Frequencies on the Glycoconjugate Alterations in Articular Cartilage in the Ankle Joints of Complete Freund's Adjuvant-injected Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Bum Park ◽  
Chang-Beohm Ahn ◽  
Byung-Tae Choi
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the glycoconjugate (GC) changes in articular cartilage in the ankle of an arthritic model. Arthritis was induced by an intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hindpaw of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Bilateral EA stimulation at 2 Hz, 15 Hz and 120 Hz was applied at those acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man, using needles for 3-day intervals for 30 days. To determine the presence of arthritis, paw edema was measured by a water displacement plethysmometer. Edema of the hindpaw induced by CFA-injection was strongly inhibited by EA stimulation throughout the experimental period. At 30 days after CFA-injection, GC changes of articular cartilage of the ankle joint were observed using conventional and lectin histochemistry. The CFA-injected rat revealed general reduction of staining abilities and lectin affinities for GC in comparison with normal rats. Significant reductions of neutral and acidic GC were observed in interterritorial matrix and chondrocyte capsules, respectively. All lectin affinities examined except DBA were also decreased in CFA-injected rats compared to normal ones. However, EA-treated rats, showed similar staining patterns and lectin affinities for GC as to normal ones, especially neutral GC in interterritorial matrix and sWGA and RCA-1 affinities in chondrocytes. It is concluded that EA in all frequencies examined, especially 2 Hz, can attenuate inflammatory edema in CFA-injected rats through alleviation of alterations of GC components in articular cartilage.

Nitric oxide modulation of glutamatergic, baroreflex, and cardiopulmonary transmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. H256-H262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Rodrigues Dias ◽  
Melissa Vitela ◽  
Eduardo Colombari ◽  
Steven W. Mifflin
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Glutamatergic Transmission ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The neuromodulatory effect of NO on glutamatergic transmission has been studied in several brain areas. Our previous single-cell studies suggested that NO facilitates glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). In this study, we examined the effect of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) on glutamatergic and reflex transmission in the NTS. We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) from Inactin-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Bilateral microinjections of l-NAME (10 nmol/100 nl) into the NTS did not cause significant changes in basal MAP, HR, or RSNA. Unilateral microinjection of ( RS)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA, 1 pmol/100 nl) into the NTS decreased MAP and RSNA. Fifteen minutes after l-NAME microinjections, AMPA-evoked cardiovascular changes were significantly reduced. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, 0.5 pmol/100 nl) microinjection into the NTS decreased MAP, HR, and RSNA. NMDA-evoked falls in MAP, HR, and RSNA were significantly reduced 30 min after l-NAME. To examine baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary reflex function, l-NAME was microinjected at multiple sites within the rostro-caudal extent of the NTS. Baroreflex function was tested with phenylephrine (PE, 25 μg iv) before and after l-NAME. Five minutes after l-NAME the decrease in RSNA caused by PE was significantly reduced. To examine cardiopulmonary reflex function, phenylbiguanide (PBG, 8 μg/kg) was injected into the right atrium. PBG-evoked hypotension, bradycardia, and RSNA reduction were significantly attenuated 5 min after l-NAME. Our results indicate that inhibition of NOS within the NTS attenuates baro- and cardiopulmonary reflexes, suggesting that NO plays a physiologically significant neuromodulatory role in cardiovascular regulation.

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