scholarly journals CATARACT;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Taseer ◽  
Muhammad Ather Khan ◽  
Saira Afzal ◽  
Syed Amir Gillani ◽  
Sabah Sarwar

 Introduction: Anatomically the location of the lens is posterior to the cornea and the iris. Being an a vascular structure it receives its nutrition from aqueous humour. A normal lens is crystalline in nature and the loss of transparency of crystalline lens is called cataract which is the growing cause of loss of vision worldwide. Therefore, it is important for preventing and treating of blindness to identify the risk factors associated with the formation of age related cataract. Cataract is a growing eye condition all over the world which ultimately leads to the loss of eyesight or blindness. Cataract is majorly an age related issue which is commonly observed in population of older age typically more than 40. Objectives: It is necessary that the risk factors which have association with the progress and development of the condition must be identified in order to prevent and manage the condition. Study Design: Case-Control study. Setting: Ophthalmology OPD of Avicenna Hospital Lahore. Period: 09 months.  Materials and Methods: Total of 400 patients over the age of 40 years. They were further divided into 200 cases and controls in equal number. From the patients attending the eye OPD, cases were selected and they were examined under ophthalmoscope for diagnosis of cataract. For controls, different patients were selected that attended the hospital for conditions other than the cataract. The same diagnostic criterion was used to exclude any possibility of cataract in controls. The study included 12 risk factors which were, smoking, duration of smoking in years, number of cigarettes smoked, diabetes mellitus and duration, hypertension, duration of hypertension and medication used to counter hypertension, usage of corticosteroids, anti-depressants and obesity. Moreover, demographic data was also obtained. Data was gathered by using a structured questionnaire as a study tool. Study Design: Simple random sampling was used as sampling technique Matching was done for socio-economic characteristics to reduce the error. Information from the questionnaire was kept confidential. Odds ratio and statistical analysis was calculated by IBM SPSS Software version 22.0. Result: Through the study conducted in the population of Lahore visiting the Ophthalmology OPD of Avicenna Hospital it was found that among the risk factors studied that were responsible for the development of cataract, random sampling was used. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking along with the duration of smoking and socioeconomic status has shown significant association and were considered potential risk along with the age factor that was selected to be more than 40, which is the basic consideration in the development of age related cataract. Along with these factors, usage of anti-hypertensive medication, corticosteroids and anti-depressants didn’t show any significant association with the development of cataract. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that the risk factors estimated for the development of cataract has shown significant association. However, it can be prevented by adopting some of the preventive strategies such as controlling the blood sugar level through healthy diet, management of hypertension, quitting smoking and most importantly it is necessary that people who have a history of cataract in family should visit eye clinics regularly for eye examinations.

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (08) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Rabnawaz Khan ◽  
Sundus Khan ◽  
Sumbul Gul ◽  
Shamsa Kanwal ◽  
Ariz Samin ◽  
...  

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of pre diabetes in students of AyubMedical College and associated risk factors. Study Design: Prospective study. Period: Jan2016 to Jun 2016. Setting: Ayub Medical College. Materials and Methodology: 130 studentsparticipated after simple random sampling technique. Different variables were studied andinitially were entered on a pre-formed proforma and then SPSS 17.0 version were used for dataanalysis. Results: 15(11.54%) of the students were suffering from pre diabetes. Among them11(8.46%) were males while 4(3.07%) were females. 50 (38.46%) students had a positive familyhistory of diabetes whereas 80 (61.54%) had no family history. 111(85.38%) of the studentsin study were non-smokers and Only 40(30.77%) students were doing regular exercise.Conclusion: A significant prevalence of pre-diabetes in young adults is a matter of concerntherefore all young adults need to be targeted for screening of pre diabetes and lifestylemodification.


Author(s):  
Manthankumar N. Kapadiya

A quantitative approach was used to assess the knowledge regarding prevention and management of water borne diseases among mothers of under five children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the mothers of under five children for study.100 samples collected from selected areas of mehsana. The duration of data collection was 1 day. The results of the study revealed that majority of the study sample (58.63%) have average knowledge regarding water borne diseases, 71.5% of the study sample having knowledge about causes and risk factors of Water borne diseases, 68.22% of the study sample having knowledge about prevention of Water borne diseases and 70.36% of the study sample having knowledge about management of Water borne diseases.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Melva Manurung ◽  
Putri Sitorus

Reproductive health is one indicator the quality and accessibility of health service facilities. One of the clinical complaints of adolescent reproduction is vaginal discharge. Leucorrhoea is defined as discharge from the vagina. These fluids vary in consistency (solid, liquid, viscous), in color (clear, white, yellow, green) and odor (normal, smelly). This study aims to identify the level of knowledge of young women about vaginal discharge at Gasaribu Village, Laguboti District in 2020. The sample was determined using a simple random sampling technique, as many as 65 people. Data collection was carried out in July 2020 using a questionnaire containing statements about demographic data, and vaginal discharge. Based on the results of research conducted in Sitoluama Village, Laguboti District, regarding the knowledge of adolescents about the causes of vaginal discharge, it is known that the knowledge of young women about vaginal discharge from 65 respondents 17 people with good knowledge (26.2%), sufficient knowledge of 35 people (53.8%), less knowledgeable 13 people (20%).   Abstrak Kesehatan repoduksi merupakan salah satu indikator yang peka terhadap kualitas dan aksesibilitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Salah satu keluhan klinis dari reproduksi remaja adalah keputihan. Keputihan didefinisikan sebagai keluarnya cairan dari vagina. Cairan tersebut bervariasi dalam konsistensi (padat, cair, kental), dalam warna (jernih, putih, kuning, hijau) dan bau (normal, berbau). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang keputihan di Desa Gasaribu Kecamatan Laguboti tahun 2020. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu sebanyak 65 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2020 menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi pernyataan tentang data demografi, dan keputihan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di Desa Sitoluama Kecamatan Laguboti tentang pengetahuan remaja tentang penyebab keputihan, diketahui bahwa pengetahuan remaja putri tentang keputihan dari 65 responden 17 orang berpengetahuan baik (26,2%), pengetahuan cukup 35 orang (53,8%), berpengetahuan kurang 13 orang (20%).


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Fiki Aji Nurcahyati ◽  
Mulyanti Ners ◽  
Rosma Fyki Kamala

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>The rate of recurrence level in schizophrenia patients is still high. Schizophrenic patients experience various decreases in cognitive, emotional, social behavior, and brain functions, so that an optimal attitude of resilience is needed. </em><em>Schizophrenic patients with good resilience can reduce the risk of recurrence.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between resilience and recurrence rate of schizophrenia patients in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This research was a quantitative research with a cross sectional design. Sampling technique used is simple random sampling. There were 44 schizophrenic patients for the sample in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The instrument used was demographic data to measure recurrence, the CD-RISC10 questionnaire with the Kendall Tau test.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>This research was a quantitative research with a cross sectional design. Sampling technique used is simple random sampling. There were 44 schizophrenic patients for the sample in Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The instrument used was demographic data to measure recurrence, the CD-RISC10 questionnaire with the Kendall Tau test.</em><em></em></p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>There is a relationship between resilience and recurrence on schizophrenia patients in  Health Community Centre, Gamping 2, Sleman</em>


Dogs are known to be infected by different blood parasites which are transmitted through vectors and produce illness collectively termed canine vector borne diseases (CVBD) in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria. This study investigated the prevalence of haemoparasites of dogs in Maiduguri, as well as the risk factors associated with their occurrence. The study was carried out from February 2019 to November 2019. Five wards namely Bolori 1, Bulabulin, Gwange 2, Lamisular and Limanti were selected out of the fifteen wards in the Metropolis using simple random sampling technique. Individual dog selection was based on systematic random sampling technique. Blood samples were collected from dogs via cephalic venipuncture. Wet mount, thin blood smear and buffy coat techniques were used to detect the presence of haemoparasites. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) dogs were sampled, out of which fifty one (51) were males and sixty nine (69) were females, fifty six (56) were adults (> 1 year) while sixty four (64) were young (0 – 1 year). The numbers of local, exotic and cross breeds were 64, 45 and 11 respectively. Eighty eight (88) of the dogs were confined while thirty two (32) were roaming freely. This study showed an overall prevalence of haemoparasites (14.16%) with Babesia canis (12.50%) and Ehrlichia canis (1.66%). Chi-square showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) association between haemoparasitism and age, sex and management practice. There was no association between haemoparasitism and breed (P > 0.05). It was concluded that haemoparasites are detectable among dogs in Maiduguri Metropolis and hence, the need to raise awareness on the prevention and control of haemoparasitic infections in dogs due to possible threat to animal and human health in the study area.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Susanti Susanti

ABSTRAK Penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM) berisiko mengalami penurunan sensitivitas pada kaki. Kebiasaan maupun perilaku penderita seperti kurang menjaga kebersihan kaki dan tidak menggunakan alas kaki saat beraktivitas akan beresiko terjadi perlukaan pada daerah kaki. Keadaan kaki diabetik lanjut yang tidak ditangani secara tepat dapat memicu dilakukannya tindakan amputasi kaki.  Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Senam Kaki Diabetes terhadap Leg Sensitivity Monofilament Test pada penderita Diabetes Melitus di Wilayah Posyandu Lansia Endrosono Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre-experiment designs dengan rancangan yang digunakan yaitu one group pretest-postest dengan sample 54 responden lansia di Posyandu Lansia Endrosono Kelurahan Wonokusumo Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya diambil menggunakan tehnik sampling Simple Random Sampling. Pengukuran Leg Sensitivity dipeoleh dari observasi menggunakan Monofilament Test. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Mc. Nemar didapatkan p value = 0,008 pada kaki kanan dan p value = 0,003 pada kaki kiri dengan α=0,05 (p< α). Hal ini berarti tidak terdapat pengaruh antara senam kaki diabetes dengan leg sensitivity monofilament test (H0 diterima, H1 ditolak). Implikasi hasil penelitian bahwa senam kaki diabetes tidak dapat mempengaruhi leg sensitivity monofilament test. sehingga perlu lebih ditingkatkan aktivitasnya sehari-harinya dan melakukan senam kaki diabetes 5-7x perhari. Kata Kunci : Senam Kaki Diabetes, Leg Sensitivity, Monofilament Test   ABSTRACT Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are risked with Leg Sensitivity decreasing. Patient’s habits or behavior such as less maintaining of their cleanliness and not wearing footwear or slippers will make the risk of them infect their feet increase. If the conditions of further diabetics are not handled properly, it can increase the act of foot amputations.  This research objective is to analyze the effect of Diabetics Foot Exercise against Leg Sensitivity Monofilament Test to patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Posyandu Lansia Endorsono Surabaya. This research is using pre-experiment designs methods and the design used is one group pretest-posttest with 54 elderly respondents from Posyandu Lansia Endorsono Wonokusumo Village, Semampir sub-district, Surabaya as sample and using Simple Random Sampling as the sampling technique. Leg sensitivity measuring is collected from Monofilament Test observation. The Data are analyzed by SPSS 16.0 program and using Mc. Nemar obtained p value = 0,008 for the right foot and p value = 0,003 for the left foot α=0,05 (p< α). It means that there is no effect between Diabetic Foot Exercise with the Leg Sensitivity Monofilament test (H0 is approved, H1 is disapproved). The implication of the research is that Diabetic Foot Exercise cannot be affecting Leg Sensitivity Monofilament Sensitivity Test. As the result patients with diabetes mellitus need to increase their daily activity and do the Diabetic Foot Exercise 5-7 times per-day. Key words: Diabetic Foot Exercise, Leg Sensitivity, Monofilament Test


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Dessy Marlinda Cahaya ◽  
Munaya Fauziah

Based on the data reports of Riset Kesehatan Dasar, the national prevalence of CKD in Indonesia is 0.38%. The province of West Java is in the 8th rank of 34 other provinces, its prevalence is 0.48%. The number of new cases of CKD at the Rumah Sehat Terpadu Dompet Dhuafa Hospital in 2020 increased from 47 people to 51 people. The object of this study is to identify the risk factors that can affect the incidence of CRF in the Rumah Sehat Terpadu Dompet Dhuafa Hospital, the Year 2021. Case-control design with 91 respondents as the control group and 91 respondents as the case group, the source of the data come from the medical records of RST DD Hospital. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The data analysis technique used is the chi-square test with = 0.05. The influence of a history of diabetes mellitus (p-value = 0.002; OR :2.810; 95%CI: 1.493 – 5.287), history of hypertension (p-value = 0.005; OR :2.796; 95%CI: 1.407 – 5.557), history of obstructive nephropathy (p-value = 0.018; OR: 0.205; 95%CI: 0.056 – 0.744) against CKD. The risk factors that influence the incidence of CKD in the Rumah Sehat Terpadu Dompet Dhuafa Hospital are a history of diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, and obstructive nephropathy. The community must implement the Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat as their lifestyle. Health workers need to give an education on health to the community, especially for at-risk populations.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuning Saraswati ◽  
Mardiana Mardiana

Abstrak   Kejadian preeklampsia di Kabupaten Brebes meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pada tahun 2011 sebanyak 215 kasus (1.547 persalinan), tahun 2012 sebanyak 170 kasus (1.957 persalinan), tahun 2013 sebanyak 225 kasus (1.811 persalinan) dan tahun 2014 sampai dengan bulan September sebanyak 180 kasus (1.316 persalinan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia pada ibu hamil di RSUD Kabupaten Brebes tahun 2014. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control . Sampel sejumlah 145 orang untuk masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunujukan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia adalah umur (p value = 0,0001; OR = 15,731), status gravida (p value = 0,009; OR = 2,173), riwayat keturunan ( p value = 0,033; OR = 2,618), pemeriksaan antenatal ( p value = 0,0001; OR = 17,111), riwayat preeklampsia (p value = 0,0001; OR = 20,529), riwayat hipertensi ( p value = 0,0001; OR = 6,026). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah jenis pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, riwayat diabetes mellitus, dan riwayat kehamilan ganda.   Abstract   The incidence of preeclampsia in Brebes District was increasing from year to year. In 2011 there were 215 cases (1,547 births), in 2012 there were 170 cases (1,957 births), in 2013 there were 225 cases (1,811 births) and until September 2014 there were 180 cases (2,316 births). The purpose of this research was to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women from Brebes district hospital in 2014. This research was an analytical survey with case control approach. The total sample was 145 people for each case and control group which was taken with simple random sampling technique. The data was analyzed using chi-square test with α = 0,05. The results of this research showed that the risk factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia was age (p value = 0,0001; OR = 15,731), gravida status (p value = 0,009; OR = 2,173), heredity profile (p value = 0,033; OR = 2,618), antenatal examination (p value = 0,0001; OR = 17,111), history of preeclampsia (p value = 0,0001; OR = 20,529), history of hypertension (p value = 0,0001; OR = 6,026). The variables that were not related was the type of work, level of education, history of diabetes mellitus, and history of multiple pregnancy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Setyawan

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, suffers pressure or squeezed in the wrist. The results may be pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist, radiating up to the arm. This study aimed to examine the risk factors i.e age, sex, work period and repetitive movements toward CTS complaints among food-packing workers in Karanganyar. The study was conducted in October to December 2014 that used analytic observational design with cross sectional study. Samples were 50 of 67 food-packing workers in Jaten Karanganyar industrial area as taken by using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression. Results showed that age and sex had significant relation with CTS and age was the most influential factor 24 times to increase the risk of CTS (p value = 0.057, Exp. B = 24.965).AbstrakCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) terjadi ketika saraf median, yang membentang dari lengan bawah ke tangan, mengalami tekanan atau terpuntir di pergelangan tangan. Hasilnya mungkin sakit, kelemahan atau mati rasa di tangan dan pergelangan tangan, yang memancar ke lengan tangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, masa kerja dan gerakan repetitif terhadap keluhan CTS pada pekerja pengepakan makanan di Karanganyar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2014 menggunakan desain observational analitik dengan penelitian potong lintang. Sampel terdiri dari 50 orang dari total 67 pekerja pengepak makanan di kawasan industri Jaten Karanganyar yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan uji kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia dan jenis kelamin signifikan berhubungan dengan keluhan CTS, dan usia merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh 24 kali lipat untuk meningkatkan risiko terjadinya CTS (nilai p = 0.057, Exp. B = 24.965).


Author(s):  
Abdul Basith ◽  
Rosmaiyadi Rosmaiyadi ◽  
Susan Neni Triani ◽  
Fitri Fitri

The aim of this research is; 1) investigating the level of online learning satisfaction among students during COVID 19; 2) analyzing the influence of differences in gender, years of study, major in determining online learning satisfaction among students during COVID 19; 3) to analyze the relationship between online learning satisfaction and student academic achievement during COVID 19. The population was 656 students at STKIP Singkawang, and then a sample of 357 students (87 males and 270 females) was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The instrument in this study was adapted from Aman's Satisfaction instrument, which was then used to collect research data. Data analysis using SPSS with descriptive statistical techniques, MANOVA, and correlation. The results showed that online learning satisfaction was at a high level, meaning that students were satisfied with the online learning that had been implemented. The major differences have a significant effect on determining online learning satisfaction. Intercorrelation shows that there is a significant relationship on each indicator of online learning satisfaction with academic achievement, meaning that the higher the satisfaction felt by students in online learning, the student's academic achievement will increase.


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