scholarly journals Preparation of Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles by Solvent-Displacement Using the Conventional Method and a Recirculation System

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida Urbán-Morlán
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Model Molecule ◽  
Solvent Displacement ◽  
Solvent Optimization ◽  
Economical Process

<p>Ethyl cellulose polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the solvent-displacement technique with ethanol as the solvent. Optimization of the method included evaluating stirring rate and stabilizer type. NPs of 142.1 to 226.5 nm were obtained in a reproducible and efficient way (95% process efficiency) and with good stability (at room temperature). Moreover, a recirculation device was used in order to obtain concentrated NPs dispersions by a continuous process with potential scale-up. This method was challenged to encapsulate a hydrophilic antiviral model molecule (glycyrrhizinic acid) resulting in low entrapment efficiencies (approximately 1%).</p><p> </p><p>The results indicate that NPs are obtained using this simple, economical process that offers the possibility to transport different agents for applications in food-processing, cosmetics production or pharmaceutical products.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Aspect Ratio on the Mixing Performance in the Kenics Static Mixer

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Xingren Jiang ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Rijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Continuous Manufacturing ◽  
Static Mixer ◽  
Mixing Performance

Continuous manufacturing has received increasing interest because of the advantages of intrinsic safety and enhanced mass transfer in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the difficulty for scale-up has limited the application of continuous manufacturing for a long time. Recently, the tubular flow reactor equipped with the Kenics static mixer appears to be a solution for the continuous process scale-up. Although many influence factors on the mixing performance in the Kenics static mixer have been investigated, little research has been carried out on the aspect ratio. In this study, we used the coefficient of variation as the mixing evaluation index to investigate the effect of the aspect ratio (0.2–2) on the Kenics static mixer’s mixing performance. The results indicate that a low aspect ratio helps obtain a shorter mixing time and mixer length. This study suggests that adjusting the aspect ratio of the Kenics static mixer can be a new strategy for the scale-up of a continuous process in the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Potential applications of halophilic microorganisms for biological treatment of industrial process brines contaminated with aromatics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mainka ◽  
David Weirathmüller ◽  
Christoph Herwig ◽  
Stefan Pflügl
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Halophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
And Control

Abstract Saline wastewater contaminated with aromatic compounds can be frequently found in various industrial sectors. Those compounds need to be degraded before reuse of wastewater in other process steps or release to the environment. Halophiles have been reported to efficiently degrade aromatics, but their application to treat industrial wastewater is rare. Halophilic processes for industrial wastewater treatment need to satisfy certain requirements: a continuous process mode, low operational expenditures, suitable reactor systems and a monitoring and control strategy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of halophilic microorganisms, principles of aromatic biodegradation, and sources of saline wastewater containing aromatics and other contaminants. Finally, process examples for halophilic wastewater treatment and potential process monitoring strategies are discussed. To further illustrate the significant potential of halophiles for saline wastewater treatment and to facilitate development of ready-to-implement processes, future research should focus on scale-up and innovative process monitoring and control strategies.

scholarly journals Pushing Nanomaterials past the Kilogram Scale—a Targeted Approach Integrating Scalable Microreactors, Machine Learning and High-Throughput Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Jose ◽  
mikhail Kovalev ◽  
Eric Bradford ◽  
Artur Schweidtmann ◽  
Hua Chun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Throughput Analysis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Technological Advances

Novel materials are the backbone of major technological advances. However, the development and wide-scale introduction of new materials, such as nanomaterials, is limited by three main factors—the expense of experiments, inefficiency of synthesis methods and complexity of scale-up. Reaching the kilogram scale is a hurdle that takes years of effort for many nanomaterials. We introduce an improved methodology for materials development, combining state-of-the-art techniques—multi-objective machine learning optimization, high yield microreactors and high throughput analysis. We demonstrate this approach by efficiently developing a kg per day reaction process for highly active antibacterial ZnO nanoparticles. The proposed method has the potential to significantly reduce experimental costs, increase process efficiency and enhance material performance, which culminate to form a new pathway for materials discovery.

scholarly journals Direct visualization of the ouzo zone through aggregation-induced dye emission for the synthesis of highly monodispersed polymeric nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshu Middha ◽  
Purnima Naresh Manghnani ◽  
Denise Zi Ling Ng ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Saif A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Monodisperse Nanoparticles ◽  
Solvent Displacement

We report a new enhanced solvent displacement method for the synthesis of highly monodisperse nanoparticles with direct visualization of the ouzo zone.

scholarly journals Process Optimization for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Kartini Kartini ◽  
Amarisa Alviani ◽  
Dia Anjarwati ◽  
Adinda Finna Fanany ◽  
Johan Sukweenadhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting metal nanoparticle that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical products, including for diabetic foot ulcers as an antimicrobial agent. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts has been drawing much attention as it is simple, eco-friendly, stable, and cost-effective. This present study was performed to evaluate the potential of three Indonesian medicinal plant extracts, namely Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), and Curcuma longa (CL), as reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of AgNPs, and to optimize their concentrations. Based on the yields and characteristics of the formed nanoparticles, which were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer, Phyllanthus niruri extract at a concentration of 0.5% was concluded as the best extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs. It is thereby a prospective reducing and capping agent for further scale-up studies.

Development of a Continuous Process to Produce Ti via Metallothermic Reduction of TiCl4 in Molten Salt

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. van Vuuren ◽  
S.J. Oosthuizen ◽  
J.J. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Two Stages

After evaluating many different routes to produce titanium, the CSIR of South Africa selected a process to produce titanium powder continuously via metallothermic reduction of TiCl4 in molten salt. The project risks are being managed using the well-known STAGE/GATE method. The first two stages, viz, Route Selection and Preliminary Assessment have been completed and the next stage entailing campaigns extending over several days of uninterrupted operation, producing titanium at a rate of about 2 kg/h has recently begun. The rationale for selecting the process route is briefly reviewed and key process problems that had to be solved before embarking on scale-up and measures to do so are explained. Specific problems are: • Feed line blockages, • Titanium product formation and adherence to reactor internals, • Agglomerate formation; and • Production of very fine particles. Lastly the planned schedule and current status of the project are discussed.

scholarly journals High Temperature Continuous Flow Syntheses of Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Using the Polyol Route in a Multi-Parametric Millifluidic Device

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Enzo Bertuit ◽  
Sophie Neveu ◽  
Ali Abou-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Yield

One of the most versatile routes for the elaboration of nanomaterials in materials science, including the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoclusters, is the high-temperature polyol process. However, despite its versatility, this process still lacks reproducibility and scale-up, in addition to the low yield obtained in final materials. In this work, we demonstrate a home-made multiparametric continuous flow millifluidic system that can operate at high temperatures (up to 400 °C). After optimization, we validate its potential for the production of nanomaterials using the polyol route at 220 °C by elaborating ferrite iron oxide nanoclusters called nanoflowers (CoFe2O4, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4) with well-controlled nanostructure and composition, which are highly demanded due to their physical properties. Moreover, we demonstrate that by using such a continuous process, the chemical yield and reproducibility of the nanoflower synthesis are strongly improved as well as the possibility to produce these nanomaterials on a large scale with quantities up to 45 g per day.

scholarly journals Process intensification and process control in freeze-drying

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonello A Barresi ◽  
Roberto Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Product Resistance

Widespread use of advanced process control allows reduction of costs, by reducing drying time and energy consumption. The “control of the freezing stage” (by forced nucleation) also appears to be beneficial to process intensification, as it can impact the product structure and modify the product resistance to mass transfer. An alternative way to increase the drying rate is the use of organic solvents as they can lead to larger solvent crystals, hence lower product resistance to vapor flow. Atmospheric freeze-drying may be a good alternative to vacuum freeze-drying, as a way of increasing process efficiency. A further improvement can be obtained by combining atmospheric or vacuum freeze-drying with new technologies. A further step towards process intensification is given by continuous plants, as this allows a dramatic increase in throughput and product quality uniformity. Keywords: freeze-drying; process intensification; controlled nucleation; continuous process. 

scholarly journals Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Aytug Kara ◽  
Athina Vassiliadou ◽  
Baris Ongoren ◽  
William Keeble ◽  
Richard Hing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
3D Printed

Currently, there is an unmet need to manufacture nanomedicines in a continuous and controlled manner. Three-dimensional (3D) printed microfluidic chips are an alternative to conventional PDMS chips as they can be easily designed and manufactured to allow for customized designs that are able to reproducibly manufacture nanomedicines at an affordable cost. The manufacturing of microfluidic chips using existing 3D printing technologies remains very challenging because of the intricate geometry of the channels. Here, we demonstrate the manufacture and characterization of nifedipine (NFD) polymeric nanoparticles based on Eudragit L-100 using 3D printed microfluidic chips with 1 mm diameter channels produced with two 3D printing techniques that are widely available, stereolithography (SLA) and fuse deposition modeling (FDM). Fabricated polymeric nanoparticles showed good encapsulation efficiencies and particle sizes in the range of 50–100 nm. SLA chips possessed better channel resolution and smoother channel surfaces, leading to smaller particle sizes similar to those obtained by conventional manufacturing methods based on solvent evaporation, while SLA manufactured nanoparticles showed a minimal burst effect in acid media compared to nanoparticles fabricated with FDM chips. Three-dimensional printed microfluidic chips are a novel and easily amenable cost-effective strategy to allow for customization of the design process for continuous manufacture of nanomedicines under controlled conditions, enabling easy scale-up and reducing nanomedicine development times, while maintaining high-quality standards.

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