scholarly journals A case of anencephaly in an Unbooked Primipara diagnosed at 35 weeks gestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
Awopola Ibiebelem Jumbo ◽  
Esther Ijeoma Nonye-Enyidah
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
History Of

Background: Anencephaly is a rare but lethal congenital anomaly of the neural tube. Ideally, the diagnosis is made early in pregnancy and the pregnancy is usually terminated. This is to prevent avoidable complications during pregnancy and childbirth as well as the accompanying psychological trauma from late intrauterine foetal death or death during the neonatal period. Objective: To report a case of anencephaly in an unbooked primipara at 35 weeks gestation. Methods: The case note of the patient and how she was managed were reviewed. A relevant review of the literature on the subject was also done. Case report: Mrs A.N was a 22year old unbooked G3P1+1 who was referred to the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) on the 4th of September, 2021 with a three-day history of bleeding per vaginam and an ultrasound scan report of an absent cranium and club foot at 35weeks gestation. She resided in a rural area and was on herbal medication in the index pregnancy. She did not receive routine antenatal medications and had no family history of congenital malformations. She had an induction of labour at presentation and delivered a severely asphyxiated male anencephalic baby weighing 2.0kg. The baby died 9minutes after delivery. Conclusion: Anencephaly is a lethal anomaly that is associated with folic acid deficiency. Despite available diagnostic tools, most women in rural areas lack access to antenatal care and will have a late diagnosis and increased morbidity. Thus, there is a need to improve access to antenatal care for women in rural communities, as well as supplement food with folic acid for women in the reproductive age group.

Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Folate and Homocysteine Metabolism In the Etiology of Recurrent Miscarriages

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 5136-5136
Author(s):  
Elvira Maria Guerra-Shinohara ◽  
Kelma Cordeiro da Silva Giusti ◽  
Nathalia Sierra Monteiro ◽  
Robson José Lazaro ◽  
Fernanda Midori Seino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Homocysteine

Abstract Abstract 5136 Introduction: Folic acid deficiency has been associated with obstetric complications such as preeclampsia, placental abruption and recurrent miscarriages (RM). Folic acid is a methyl group donating in various reactions. Low concentrations of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, the cofactor of enzyme thymidylate synthase, decrease the synthesis of thymidylate, which results in increased ratio deoxyuridylate monophosphate/deoxytimidylate monophosphate (dUMP/dTMP) and increased incorporation of deoxyuridylate triphosphate (dUTP) to DNA. The removal of dUTP by DNA-glycosylase can cause permanent damage to DNA, which may lead to apoptosis or increase the risk of developing cancer. Polymorphisms in genes of enzymes (MTHFR - methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, MTR - methionine synthase and MTRR - methionine synthase reductase) and also in the gene of the reduced folate carrier (RFC1) were related to reduced folate and increased total homocysteine concentrations and have been associated as risk factors for RM. Material and Methods: 171 women with a history of three or more recurrent miscarriages and 95 healthy women with no history of abortion and having two or more normal babies were included. Weight and height of women were obtained and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The presence of antibodies (ANA and anti-DNA) was evaluated using immunofluorescence kits. The genotypes of the polymorphisms MTHFR c. 677C>T, MTR c. 2756A>G and RFC1 c.80G>A were obtained by PCR-RFLP, while genotyping for polymorphisms MTRR c. 66A>G and MTHFR c. 1298A>C was made by real time PCR. Multivariate logistic regression model (forward conditional) was used to obtain the odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals of having MR (dependent variable). The independent variables were: quartiles of BMI, age range, positive ANA (titer of 1/40), positive anti-DNA (titre 1/10), genotypes for the MTHFR c. 677C>T, MTHFR c.1298A>C, MTR c. 2756A>G, MTRR c. 66A>G and RFC1 c. 80G>A. Results: No differences between the groups were observed for serum total homocysteine or allele frequencies for MTHFR c. 677C>T, MTHFR c. 1298A>C, MTR c. 2756A>G and RFC1 c.80G>A polymorphisms. In a conditional logistic regression analysis the risk of RM was significantly associated with BMI OR [95% CI] = 1.40 [1.02, 1.93] per quartile increase in BMI), positive anti-DNA OR [95% CI] = 7.24 [0.92, 57.25], positive ANA OR [95% CI] = 2.48 [1.21, 5.08], and AA genotype for MTRR c. 66A>G polymorphism (OR [95% CI] = 2.19 [1.16, 4.12]. Conclusion: The etiology of RM is multifactorial and it is associated with increasing of BMI, presence of autoantibodies and AA genotype for MTRR c. 66A>G polymorphism. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Agriculture, Ṣūfism and the State in Tenth/Sixteenth-Century Morocco

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-471
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodriguez-Manas
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Indigenous Lands ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Turmoil

The tenth/sixteenth century was undoubtedly one of the most turbulent periods in the history of Morocco. Throughout the century the country was ravaged by civil strife, foreign occupation of some of its coastal regions and widespread social turmoil. Dynastic conflict between the two main contenders for the throne—the Wattasid vizierate and the Saՙdiyans—did not cease until the middle of the century. The prolonged warfare drained the economic resources of the country and crippled commercial activity. The crisis was especially acute in the countryside where the protracted political unrest disrupted agricultural activity. Sizable tracts of farmland were left uncultivated or were ruined by marauding gangs of brigands who plundered the peasants of their crops and cattle. As well as man-made damage, agricultural output was hit by a series of natural calamities (drought, plagues and scarce harvests), while intermittent outbreaks of epidemic decimated the population of certain districts. The results were catastrophic: famine became endemic in certain regions; previously fertile lands were abandoned and their soils became unsuitable for cultivation; trade in agricultural produce gradually ebbed; the price of foodstuffs rose to exorbitant levels and traders resorted to speculative practices, hoarding grain and other agricultural produce to inflate their value. The stagnation of agriculture led to a sharp demographic decline in the rural population and a substantial influx of migrant peasants into urban centres or rural areas less affected by scarcity. Entire rural communities were uprooted. Pauperism and mendicity proliferated in many regions as scores of impoverished peasants and herdsmen abandoned their indigenous lands and roamed the countryside in search of food.

scholarly journals Women’s Awareness and Associated Factors on Preconception Folic Acid Supplementation in Adet, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2016: Implication of Reproductive Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
Tewachew Muche Liyeh ◽  
Amare Simegn Ayele ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Yohannes Tesfahun Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Chronic Health Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Introduction. Preconception folic acid supplementation is the provision of folate for reproductive age group women who have a plan to be pregnant. According to different studies, in African countries, there is poor utilization of preconception folic supplementation. So this study aimed at assessing women’s awareness on preconception care and its associated factors in Adet, Northwestern Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 1, 2016, among 422 reproductive age group women. Systematic random sampling was used to get the study unit, and the data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview. The collected data were entered, cleaned, checked using EpiData version 3.1, and finally analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive summary of the data was presented in terms of percentage and frequency. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were used in order to identify predictors using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval. Result. In this study, a total of 422 reproductive age group women participated with a response rate of 100%. Of a total of 422 participants, 67 (15.9%) of the women had good awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation. Women’s awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation was affected by having a chronic health problem, monthly household income, educational status, and a history of family planning use. Women who were educated (AOR 4.77, CI 1.85–6.98), had a history of family planning use (AOR 3.89, CI 1.77–8.55), had a chronic health problem (AOR 3.47, CI 2.68–5.98), and had a better monthly income (AOR 2.6, CI 2.05–6.76) had good awareness than their counterparts. Conclusion and Recommendation. This study concluded that women’s awareness on preconception folic acid supplementation was low. This finding suggests that there is a need to give emphasis and deliver health education about preconception folic acid supplementation for women.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosed Frontal_Transethmoidal Meningoencephalocele : Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas Hamed Al-Fattani, Tariq Abdulfattah Al-Jammal, Tariq Ah
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Nasal Tissue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Study

To enhance awareness of healthcare providers for any baby comes with persistence unilateral nasal obstruction, and take care for him. Methods: A report of rare case for a child presented with an internal nasal mass with maternal history of folic acid deficiency Results:  The diagnosis of transethmoidal encephalocele was confirmed by a computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Craniotomy excision and duroplasty, assisted with endonasal endoscopic excision and repair of skull base defect by middle turbinate graft were done. Nasal tissue was taken for Histological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of an encephalocele within the nasal cavity. The patient had recovered with complete healing of grafts with no recurrence and follow up CT after 6 months was normal. Conclusion:   The general physicians and pediatricians must put in consideration any baby with unilateral persistence nasal obstruction which can be frontal-transethmoidal meningocele +/- encephalocele . Taking folic acid or food rich of folate during pregnancy can help in reduction of neural tube defects prevalence.  Radiological imaging (CT +/- MRI) study should be done for every Pediatric case presenting with an intranasal mass before any surgical intervention or an invasive intranasal procedure.

scholarly journals Topeng Ireng Sebagai Wujud Rasa Syukur di Kabupaten Magelang pada Era Globalisasi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
hana haqiqi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Cultural Assets ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

Topeng ireng is a typical art from Magelang that was originally used as a means for spreading the islamic teachings. But, as time goes by, Topeng Ireng used as a form of gratitude for the people after making a celebration such as wedding, circumcision, or another celebration. Topeng Ireng commonly found in rural areas because rural communities still preserving the cultural heritage of their ancestors. In this era of globalization, Topeng Ireng art which had been abandoned began to appear again that looks more modern without leaving its characteristics, that is by adding campursari or dangdut music. The research method is descriptive in which this research explains in more detail about Topeng Ireng. The results of the study explain the history of Topeng Ireng as well as what is the Topeng Ireng and what was used when performing Topeng Ireng. The benefit of this research is to extended the knowledge of the community around Magelang and outside Magelang about Topeng Ireng existence that needs to be preserved and preserved as state-owned cultural assets and as a tribute to ancestors.

scholarly journals Burden of Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiencies in an Aging, Rural Indian Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas S. Sundarakumar ◽  
Shafeeq K. Shahul Hameed ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Introduction: The important role of micronutrient deficiencies in aging-related disorders including dementia is becoming increasingly evident. However, information on their burden in India is scarce, especially, among aging and rural communities.Methods: Prevalence of vitamin D, B12 and folic acid deficiency was measured in an ongoing, aging cohort, from rural India–Srinivaspura Aging Neurosenescence and COGnition (SANSCOG) study cohort. Serum level estimation of vitamin D, B12 and folic acid, using chemiluminescence immunoassay, was performed on 1648 subjects (872 males, 776 females).Results: Mean vitamin D, B12 and folic acid levels were 23.4 ± 10.6 ng/ml, 277.4 ± 194.4 pg/ml and 6 ± 3.5 ng/ml), respectively. Prevalence of low vitamin D (<30 ng/ml), vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml), B12 deficiency (<200 pg/ml) and folic acid deficiency (<3 ng/ml) were 75.7, 39.1, 42.3, and 11.1%, respectively. Significantly more women had vitamin D deficiency, whereas more men had folic acid deficiency. Women belonging to the oldest age group (≥75 years) had the maximum burden of low vitamin D (94.3%) and folic acid deficiency (21.8%).Discussion: Older, rural-dwelling Indians have high burden of vitamin D and B12 deficiencies, which is concerning given the potentially negative consequences on cognition, immunity and frailty in the aging population. Urgent public health strategies are needed to address this issue and prevent or mitigate adverse consequences.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of contraceptives use among rural young women (15-24 years) in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gazali Salifu ◽  
Kamaldeen Mohammed ◽  
Mac-Cauley Harrison ◽  
Aaron Atimpe ◽  
Rogers Wuniwumda Abukari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Children

Abstract Background: Contraceptives use has significant effect on controlling fertility, preventing STIs, reducing unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions. The use of contraceptives among reproductive age women (15-49 years) has been largely reported. However, what is unclear is whether the reported prevalence of, and factors that influence the usage of contraceptives is comparable in the context of young adults (aged 15-24 years) in rural areas. The purpose of this study was therefore to report the prevalence and factors that influence contraceptives use among young women (15-24 years) in rural Ghana.Methods: Data (n = 3797) collected using a questionnaire through a mutli-stage probability sampling method in the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey (GMHS) was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The chi-square test was used to identify significant associations between categorical variables at a significant level of p < 0.05. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses was conducted to explore how well each independent variable predicted contraceptive use. Results: Out of the 3,797 women, only 21.49% (95% CI: 19.56, 23.55) used contraceptives. Number of living children, health insurance, knowledge of fertility period, history of abortion, ever given birth, educational level, age of participants and current union were found to influence contraceptives use. Strong significant predictors (at 95% CI, p<0.05) of contraceptives use were history of abortion, age of participants, educational level, number of living children, and knowledge of fertility period. Conclusion: Low usage of contraceptives has been identified among rural women and so there is the need for policymakers to intensify education and facilitate widespread access to modern contraceptives in rural areas and promote their effective use.

scholarly journals Hidden Riot: Investigating the Impact of Rural–Urban Gap in Afghanistan’s Political Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dawood Erfan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Tribal Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Afghanistan, with major rural population is of the countries that face varieties of problems for transformation from tradition to modernity (underdevelopment). Nowadays various social gaps in this geographical area have crystalized in ethnic cleft; has been originated from another background that the most important is the rural-urban gap. This hidden gap has shown itself in different forms in the social history of Afghanistan. Sometimes with a cover of Tribe, sometimes in the form of wealth and poverty and sometimes it rises with a cover over modernity and tradition. Development experts concentrate on other gaps and they didn’t pay enough attention to this important gap. The question is: What has been the role of rural-urban gap in underdevelopment and political changes in Afghanistan? In a country where social relations are generated from rural areas and political changes rise by using violent tools in different forms, necessitate deep socialistic investigations on ruling relations in rural communities that constitute the most population of the country. It seems inattention to rural people needs and problems led to the profound gap which shaped violent changes in the history of Afghanistan. Meaningful rural relations, nomadism and tribal culture, have led to many partitions in the process of development.

scholarly journals Birth Preparedness among Women Who Gave Birth in the Last Twelve Months in Jardega Jarte District, Western Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiruneh Asrat ◽  
Negga Baraki ◽  
Nega Assefa ◽  
Getachew Alemkere
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Birth Preparedness ◽  
Complication Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Background. Lack of preparedness for rapid action in the event of obstetric complications was the major problem contributing for delay in receiving skilled obstetric care. This study aimed to assess birth preparedness and factors associated with it among women who gave birth in the last 12 months preceding the survey in Jardega Jarte district, Western Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2016. A total of 581 women who gave birth recently were randomly selected for an interview. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Results. From 581 questionnaires distributed, 570 were completed making the response rate 98%. The mean age was 28 with a standard deviation of 5 years. Ninety percent of the respondents were rural in residency. The average family size was 6 with a range of 13. Majority of the respondents were grand multipara, 261(45.6%). Despite the majority (69.3%) of the respondents reported as they made arrangement for birth, only 27.5% of them were well-prepared for birth and its complication management. Urban residency (AOR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.7-6.9), primipara (AOR=5.12, 95% CI: 2.4-10.8), history of obstetric complication (AOR=4.05, 95% CI: 2.4-7.75), and attending antenatal care (AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.67-5.16) were independently associated with preparation for birth and its complication. Conclusion. This study revealed that only about a quarter of pregnant women were well-prepared for delivery and complication management. Urban residencies, history of past obstetric complications, availing antenatal care, primipara, and absence of an under-five child in the household during recent delivery were predictors of birth preparedness. On the other hand, availing health service to such rural areas, giving more attention to the grand multiparous mothers with large family size will be important interventions to prevent pregnancy-related complications. Such efforts would benefit from accessing antenatal care and family planning services.

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