scholarly journals A literature review of experimental studies in fundraising

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bhati ◽  
Ruth Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Warm Glow ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Nonprofit Administration ◽  
Economics Journals

This paper extends previous literature reviews focusing on fundraising and the mechanisms motivating charitable giving. We analyze 187 experimental research articles focusing on fundraising, published in journals across diverse disciplines between 2007-2019. Interest in studying fundraising spans many disciplines, each of which tends to focus on different aspects, supporting earlier claims that fundraising has no single academic “home.” Most of the literature focuses on two key areas: the philanthropic environment in which fundraising occurs, largely focused on potential donors’ experiences, preferences, and motivations; and testing fundraising tactics and techniques that result in different behavior by potential donors. More than 40% of the experiments were published in Economics journals. Correspondingly, topics such as warm glow and mechanisms such as lotteries, raffles, and auctions are well represented. Experimental studies largely omit the practical and the ethical considerations of fundraisers and of beneficiaries. For instance, studies focusing on the identified victim phenomenon often stereotype beneficiaries in order to foster guilt among donors and thereby increase giving. We identify several opportunities for research to examine new questions to support ethical and effective fundraising practice and nonprofit administration.

Writing a Literature Review: An Essential Component of Critical Thinking

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Susanne Chandler ◽  
Denise Dedman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Critical Writing ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Writing Analysis

This teaching note describes how using the requirement of a literature review helped students become critical thinkers. Literature reviews, as assignments, are often difficult for students because of the need for intense writing, analysis, and evaluation. As part of a larger assignment, students read 7 to 10 research articles and discussed them in class. The students were then assigned the task of writing their own literature reviews using the same research articles. The authors explain how using the practice of critical reading and critical writing helped students engage their review of the literature with a critical thinking mindset.

Experimental research in expatriation and its challenges: A literature review and recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-283
Author(s):  
Daniela Noethen ◽  
Rocio Alcazar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Expatriate Management ◽  
The Many

Via a systematic literature review, this article draws attention to the alarming scarcity of experimental studies and the ensuing shortness of evidence for causality in the field of expatriate management. Only 17 articles could be identified, published over more than 20 years, which utilize randomized experiments or quasi-experiments on topics of expatriation. Moreover, these articles show specific patterns, such as dealing exclusively with pre-departure and on-assignment issues, or, in their majority, sampling individuals who interact with expatriates rather than expatriates themselves. This lack of experimental studies is problematic, as it is difficult to establish causality between different variables without conducting experimental studies. Yet many critical issues in expatriation are precisely questions of causality. Hence, in this article, we provide resources to help move the expatriation field toward a more balanced use of different research methodologies and, thus, a greater understanding of the many relationships uncovered in past research. First, we identify four main challenges unique to conducting experimental research in the context of expatriation: Challenging data access, global sample dispersion, restricted manipulability of variables, and cultural boundedness of constructs and interpretations. Second, we provide strategies to overcome these challenges, based on studies included in the review as well as taking ideas from neighboring fields such as cross-cultural psychology. The article concludes with a discussion of how experimental research can take the field of expatriation forward and improve the decision-making process of practitioners managing international assignees.

The Literature Review

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norin Arshed ◽  
Mike Dansen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Literature Reading ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Different Types

It is important to demonstrate and critically analyse your understanding of the literature within your chosen field of study or research. The chapter highlights the different types of literature reviews: the traditional literature review versus the systematic literature review. The literature review is often essential in establishing what is known about a subject area, and by association what is not yet known, allowing you to understand and explore gaps in knowledge by appraising, encapsulating, comparing, contrasting, and correlating scholarly books, research articles, reports and various other sources of information. This chapter provides guidance on undertaking a literature review by highlighting the key stages of the process: selecting a topic, searching the literature, reading and reviewing the literature, critiquing the literature, evaluating the literature, and finally writing the literature review. The aim of this chapter is to offer a clear, concise and structured way of undertaking a literature review to establish your theoretical framework and methodological focus.

scholarly journals The Current State of the Gamification in E-Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Tomislav Rozman ◽  
Liliana Donath
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Health Human Resource ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
E Learning

The aim of this article is to present a systematic literature review of literature reviews (a meta-study) of gamification topics in e-learning with a purpose to present a high-level overview of the state of the development of the selected field. The systematic literature review of literature reviews (2010 - 2019) was performed. The academic papers (literature reviews) from several academic databases such as DOAJ, ScienceDirect, Google Sholar and WOS were examined and filtered for further study. The selected articles were analysed for sub-topics (e.g. the efficiency of gamification mechanisms) and summarized. In last 5 years, the research of gamification in various fields (mobile apps, e-health, human resource management, business development, e-learning) is getting traction and the number of research articles and systematic reviews of research articles is increasing. After filtering literature review articles, we have found out that only a handful of them – 19, which summarizes 2631 studies, are directly related to gamification in e-learning. This study shows that the following gamification mechanisms in e-learning proved themselves efficient in almost all underlying studies, but there is no broad consensus on terminology and how to group of different gamification related concepts. The research is limited to the following scholarly databases: DOAJ, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and WOS. We are aware that there is a possibility we missed some systematic literature reviews on this topic, which was indexed in other well-known databases or published using different terminology in the title or abstract. The article can serve as a starting point for the research for the scholars and especially post-graduate students who are getting familiar with the e-learning, gamification and performing systematic literature reviews. Also, developers of e-learning systems and course designers could benefit from this article by finding out which gamification mechanisms are most researched, most efficient and worth implementing. To our knowledge, this kind of meta-analysis of the literature reviews hasn’t been done in the field of gamification in e-learning for the year 2019.

Novas Considerações sobre a Fotoproteção no Brasil: Revisão de Literatura/New Considerations on the Photoprotection in Brazil: Literature Review

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Mayara Motta Melo ◽  
Clarissa Santos de Carvalho Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
De Se ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

RESUMOA incidência do câncer de pele vem aumentando a cada ano. Sabe-se que entre outros fatores, a radiação solar é a principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento dessa patologia. A prevenção, feita através da fotoproteção, teria grande impacto nesse cenário. No entanto, as orientações sobre como se proteger dos malefícios do sol devem ser coerentes com a incidência solar da região, os hábitos da população e o fototipo da pele. Os conceitos sobre fotoproteção foram definidos por entidades européias e norte americanas e não devem ser reproduzidos para o Brasil de forma aleatória, pois a incidência solar no Brasil é muito maior, a população tem fototipos diferentes e o hábito de se expor ao sol é muito mais frequente. Portanto, faz-se necessário elaborar conceitos próprios para o Brasil e conscientizar a população sobre os perigos da radiação solar para que a incidência do câncer de pele reduza definitivamente. Essa revisão visa mostrar a relação da radiação solar no Brasil com a pele dos brasileiros e evidenciar a importância da fotoproteção para essa população. Para isso foi feito um levantamento de artigos originais, revisões de literatura, consensos brasileiros e internacionais e livros de dermatologia.Palavras-chave: Fotoproteção, Câncer de pele, Exposição solar, Radiação ultravioleta, Vitamina D. ABSTRACTThe incidence of skin cancer is increasing every year. It is known that among other factors, solar radiation is the main responsible for the development of this pathology. Prevention, made by photoprotection, would have great impact in this scenario. However, the guidelines on how to protect themselves from the sun's harmful effects should be consistent with the sunlight of the region, the habits of the population and the phototype skin. The concepts of photoprotection were defined by European and North American entities and should not be played for Brazil at random, as the solar incidence in Brazil is much higher, people have different skin types and the habit of sun exposure is much more frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up own concepts for Brazil and raise awareness about the dangers of solar radiation, so that the incidence of skin cancer can be definitely reduced. This review aims to show the relationship of solar radiation in Brazil with the skin of Brazilian and to highlight the importance of sun protection for this population. With this purpose, it was  made a survey of original articles, literature reviews , Brazilian and international consensus and dermatology books.Keywords: Photoprotection, Skin cancer, Sun exposure, Ultraviolet radiation, D vitamin.

Data Mining-based Financial Statement Fraud Detection: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis to Estimate Data Sample Mapping of Fraudulent Companies Against Non-fraudulent Companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092098485
Author(s):  
Sonika Gupta ◽  
Sushil Kumar Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Financial Statement Fraud ◽  
Data Mining Techniques

Data mining techniques have proven quite effective not only in detecting financial statement frauds but also in discovering other financial crimes, such as credit card frauds, loan and security frauds, corporate frauds, bank and insurance frauds, etc. Classification of data mining techniques, in recent years, has been accepted as one of the most credible methodologies for the detection of symptoms of financial statement frauds through scanning the published financial statements of companies. The retrieved literature that has used data mining classification techniques can be broadly categorized on the basis of the type of technique applied, as statistical techniques and machine learning techniques. The biggest challenge in executing the classification process using data mining techniques lies in collecting the data sample of fraudulent companies and mapping the sample of fraudulent companies against non-fraudulent companies. In this article, a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies from the area of financial statement fraud detection has been conducted. The review has considered research articles published between 1995 and 2020. Further, a meta-analysis has been performed to establish the effect of data sample mapping of fraudulent companies against non-fraudulent companies on the classification methods through comparing the overall classification accuracy reported in the literature. The retrieved literature indicates that a fraudulent sample can either be equally paired with non-fraudulent sample (1:1 data mapping) or be unequally mapped using 1:many ratio to increase the sample size proportionally. Based on the meta-analysis of the research articles, it can be concluded that machine learning approaches, in comparison to statistical approaches, can achieve better classification accuracy, particularly when the availability of sample data is low. High classification accuracy can be obtained with even a 1:1 mapping data set using machine learning classification approaches.

scholarly journals The Employability Skills Needed To Face the Demands of Work in the Future: Systematic Literature Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
Nuryake Fajaryati ◽  
Muhammad Akhyar ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Future ◽  
Three Stages

AbstractThe qualified human resources with high competitiveness and employability skills are needed to face the era of technological disruption, but employers find a lack of expertise among job seekers. Insufficient skills are related to the issue of education quality. This study aims to identify the employers’ employability skills needed in the career field and the way to integrate it into the instructional process. The research was conducted through Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and mapping approach that consisted of three stages: planning, conducting, and reporting. The literature reviews in this research were derived from Science direct, Springer and IEEE as the main references. The results from the analysis in the literature review showed that employability skills are needed in relation to the work demands in the future according to the employers covering communication, team working, problem solving, and technological skills. The implementation of employability skills in the instructional process is to integrate them into the classroom for all subjects.

The Impact of Classroom Chatter Noise on Comprehension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110059
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Lamotte ◽  
Aziz Essadek ◽  
Gérard Shadili ◽  
Jean-Michel Perez ◽  
Julien Raft
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Student Comprehension ◽  
The Impact

Communication through discussion and conversations is fundamental to human life; but when such discourse escapes the control of a teacher in the classroom, it becomes little more than chatter. This noise challenges teaching methods and the teaching stance with students. Yet, its impact on comprehension has rarely been studied. The aim of this literature review was to examine the research on the impact of classroom noise generated by chatter on students’ comprehension performance. We adopted the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis) guidelines to examine this literature. This review covered a 10-year period (papers written between 2009 and 2019), with nine experimental studies selected from the 2,954 papers screened. In 89% of these nine studies, there were significant comprehension differences on all tests, revealed when comprehension took place in a noisy environment due to chatter. This review indicated an essential need for a field survey to better understand the impact of chatter on comprehension. Other studies are recommended to highlight any correlation between measured chatter and student comprehension in a real classroom environment.

Results of an experimental study of hydrogel drainage containing ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
I.I. Khusnitdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies

Purpose. Еxperimental substantiation of the effectiveness of biocompatible biodegradable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan succinate as a carrier of ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations. Material and methods. Hydrogel drainage (HD) was obtained immediately before surgery. A solution of ranibizumab (0.23 ml) was mixed with a solution of hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (0.5 ml), then a solution of chitosan succinate (0.5 ml) was added. Experimental studies were performed in 12 (12 eyes) healthy rabbits. The first group consisted of 6 eyes – 0.187 ml of ranibizumab per 1 ml of gel. In the control group, HD was used intraoperatively without the addition of ranibizumab (6 eyes). Morphological studies were performed on 7th, 21st, and 42nd days. Results. In experimental studies in vitro and in vivo, it was proved that ranibizumab, administered as a part of 0.1 ml of hydrogel drainage in the antiglaucoma surgery area is released within 3 weeks and suppresses vascularization, scarring of the operating area, and preserves the intrascleral cavity. The optimal concentration of ranibizumab was selected-0.02 ml in 0.1 ml of gel. Conclusion. The safety and effectiveness of the use of hydrogel drainage with ranibizumab based on hyaluronic acid dialdehyde and chitosan succinate in anti-glaucoma operations has been proven. Key words: experimental research, hydrogel drainage, ranibizumab, glaucoma surgery.

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