scholarly journals Efektivitas Getah Pohon Jarak Cina Terhadap Perkembangan Kolonisasi Bakteri Luka Insisi Pada Hewan Coba Mus Musculus Strain Balb/C

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyatno Hadi Saputro ◽  
Nugroho Ari Wibowo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Chinese jatropha sap on the development of incision wound bacteria colonization in experimental animals Mus musculus Strain Balb / cThe design of this study used a true experiment post only control group design by administering Chinese jatropha tree sap to male mice (bal mus / musculus) strains aged 2 to 2.5 months and weighing 20-30 grams with a total of 30 mice. Mice made incision wounds and observed the number of colonies in the inflammatory and proliferation phases of Chinese jatropha sap and compared with bioplacentonsThe results of the study in the treatment group were 410 bacteria on average while the control group were 585 bacteria in the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, in the proliferation phase the treatment group averaged 39 bacteria while in the control group there were an average of 79 bacteria. Independent t-test results in the inflammatory phase showed that р = 0.042 <α = 0.05 Furthermore, in the proliferation phase р = 0.041 <α = 0.05, in both phases there was an effect of giving Chinese jatropha tree sap to the amount of bacterial colonization in animals try Mus musculus Strains Balb / c.Chinese jatropha tree sap contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and anti-microbial β-lactams so as to stop the development of bacterial colonies in wounds. It is hoped that the Chinese jatropha sap can be an alternative in the initial treatment of open wounds and incisions in the limitations of medicine when a disaster occurs.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Agunk Teddy Pratama ◽  
Made Budiawan ◽  
I Nyoman Sudarmada

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan three corner drill terhadap kelincahan dan power otot tungkai. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan the non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMPN 2 Pekutatan. Data post-test kelincahan dan power otot tungkai pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol dianalisis dengan uji-t independent pada taraf signifikansi (α) 0,05 dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t independent didapatkan hasil : (1) untuk variabel kelincahan, hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol didapatkan nilai thitung = -2,948 , dengan nilai signifikansi 0,009, (2) untuk variabel power, hasil perbandingan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol didapatkan nilai thitung = 3,176, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,005. Nilai signifikansi hitung lebih kecil dari nilai α (Sig < 0,05), dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian “pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan dan power otot tungkai pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMPN 2 Pekutatan” diterima. Dari hasil analisis data dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa : (1) Pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelincahan pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMP Negeri 2 Pekutatan (2) Pelatihan three corner drill berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai pada siswa putra peserta ektrakurikuler sepak bola SMP Negeri 2 Pekutatan. Kata Kunci : kelincahan, daya ledak, three corner drill The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of three corner drill training toward the increased agility and power muscle of legs. The type of research was a quasi-experimental and the design of research was the non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects were man’s student football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan. Agility and muscle power of legs posttest to the treatment group and the control group were analyzed by independent t-test at significance 0,05 with SPSS 16.0. Based on independent t-test results were showed : (1) to the agility variable, the comparison of the treatment and the control group values obtained t = -2,948, with a significance value of 0,009, (2) to muscle power of legs variable, the comparison of the treatment and the control group values obtained t = 3,176, with a significance value of 0,005. Calculated significance value smaller than the value of 0,05 (Sig < 0.05), thus the research hypothesis "three corner drill training affect the increased agility and muscle power of legs in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan " was received. From the analyzed and discussion were concluded that : (1) three corner drill training effect the increased agility in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan, (2) three corner drill training effect the increased muscle power of legs in football extracurricular participants of SMPN 2 Pekutatan. keyword : Agility, power, three corner drill


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-481
Author(s):  
Magfirah Magfirah ◽  
Idwar Idwar

ABSTRACT Background: Pain during childbirth is a physiological condition that is generally experienced by almost all women who give birth. This pain is a subjective experience caused by ischemia of the uterine muscle, traction of the uterine ligament, traction of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, distension of the lower part of the uterus, pelvic floor muscles and perineum. One of the non- pharmacological methods in the form of skin stimulation that can reduce labor pain and cause a relaxing effect is massage effleurage.Objective: To determine the effect of massage effleurage treatment on the intensity of pain during first stage labor in the Rantau Community Health Center, Aceh Tamiang Regency.Method: This research is a quasi experiment with a post test to control group design approach only. The sample were mothers who gave birth to the first stage of 4-8 cm opening. The number of samples was 16 respondents (8 for the treatment and 8 for the control group). The sampling technique was done by means of purposive sampling. While the data analysis used was univariate (frequency distribution) and bivariate (Independent T-Test).Results: Independent sample T-test results, in the treatment group effleurage massage treatment obtained an average value of 4.00 and control group 6.25 obtained p value of 0.031 (p≤0.05). There is a significant difference in the average intensity of stage I labor pain between the treatment group and the control group.Conclusion: There is an effect of the effleurage massage method on the intensity of the first stage labor pain. Suggestions are expected for further research to compare the two non- pharmacological methods to the intensity of scildbirth pain during the 1st stage. Keywords: Massage Flexure, Pain Intensity, and Labor Period. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Nyeri saat  persalinan merupakan kondisi  fisiologis yang secara umum dialami oleh hampir semua ibu bersalin. Nyeri persalinan merupakan sebuah pengalaman subjektif disebabkan oleh iskemik otot uteri, penarikan  traksi ligament uteri, traksi ovarium, tuba fallopi, distensi bagian bawah uteri, otot dasar panggul dan perineum. Salah satu metode non farmakologi dalam bentuk stimulasi kulit yang dapat menurunkan nyeri persalinan, menimbulkan efek relaksasi adalah Massage effleurage.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui  pengaruh metode massage effleurage terhadap intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rantau Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang.Metode: Jenis penelitian quasi experiment, dengan pendekatan post test only control group design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin kala I pembukaan 4-8 cm. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 16 responden  (masing-masing 8 responden untuk kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol). Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling.  Analisa data yang digunakan adalah univariat  (distribusi frekuensi) dan bivariat (Uji Independet T-Test).Hasil: Hasil uji Independen Sampel T-test, pada kelompok perlakuan metode massage effleurage didapatkan nilai rata-rata 4,00 dan kelompok kontrol 6,25 diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,031 (p≤0.05). Hal tersebut terdapat perbedaan signifikan rata-rata intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I  antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol.Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh metode massage effleurage terhadap intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I . Saran diharapkan penelitian lanjutan membandingkan dua metode non farmakologi terhadap intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I.Saran diharapkan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membandingkan dua metode non-farmakologis dengan intensitas nyeri scildbirth selama tahap pertama. Kata Kunci: Massage effleurage, Intensitas Nyeri, Persalinan


Author(s):  
Agustina Mar'atus Sholichah ◽  
Hermanto Tri Joewono ◽  
Widjiati Widjiati

Background: Intelligence management can produce superior human resources with integrated brain. Mozart music stimulus during pregnancy has been shown to increase the number of neuron of the fetal brain. The study of pop and religious music needs to be improve because they are more popular in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze the differences of number of Neuron in the Cerebrum Rattus norvegicusoffspring that exposed to Mozart, Indonesian pop music and Indonesian religious music during pregnancy. Methods: An experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Groups divide into treatment music groups: Mozart, pop and religious. Treatment in a soundproof room for 1 hour, starting the 10th-day of pregnancy, intensity of 65 dB with a distance of 25 cm from the cage. The number of neuron was counted from HE brain preparations of the head Rattus norvegicusoffspring and analyzed using appropriate statistics test. Results: There were significant differences in the number of neuron of Rattus norvegicusoffspring in cerebrum between groups with p = 0,000 (mean Mozart music group 28.14 ± 3.02, Indonesian pop music 19.71 ± 1.80, Indonesian religious music 24.14 ± 2.91) and Mozart gave a higher number of neuron than Indonesia religious music and Indonesian pop music. Conclusion: Mozart music gave a higher number of neuron in the Cerebrum than Indonesian religious music and Indonesian pop music. Keywords: neuron; cerebrum; Mozart music; Indonesian music ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Pengelolaan kecerdasan otak yang terintegrasi akan menghasilkan SDM yang unggul. Stimulus musik Mozart selama kehamilan terbukti meningkatkan jumlah sel neuron di otak janin. Musik pop dan religi perlu dilakukan penelitian karena lebih populer di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan jumlah sel neuron di Cerebrum Rattus norvegicusbaru lahir antara yang mendapat paparan musik Mozart, musik pop Indonesia dan musik religi Indonesia selama kebuntingan. Metode: Studi eksperimental dengan desain post test only control group. Kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi kelompok musik Mozart, musik pop Indonesia dan musik religi Indonesia. Perlakuan di ruang kedap suara selama 1 jam pada malam hari mulai hari ke-10 kebuntingan, intensitas 65 dB dengan jarak 25 cm antara kandang dan speaker. Jumlah sel neuron dihitung dari preparat pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin otak anak Rattus norvegicusdan dianalisis dengan statistik yang sesuai. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada jumlah sel neuron cerebrum Rattus norvegicus baru lahir antar kelompok dengan nilai p=0,000 (rerata kelompok musik Mozart 28,14±3,02, musik pop Indonesia 19,71±1,80 dan musik religi Indonesia 24,14±2,91) dan musik Mozart memiliki jumlah sel neuron lebih tinggi daripada musik religi Indonesia dan musik pop Indonesia. Kesimpulan: Kelompok musik Mozart memiliki jumlah sel neuron di cerebrum yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok musik Indonesia. Kata kunci: neuron; cerebrum; musik Mozart; musik Indonesia


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Annisa Hasanah

Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Sekitar 90% pria penderita DMmengalami penurunan kualitas spermatozoa. STZ  merupakan bahan toksik yang merusak sel β pankreas. Kandungan quercetin yang tinggi dalam bawang bombay (Allium cepa Linn.) melindungi spermatozoa dari kerusakan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan posttest only control group design. Besar sampel menggunakan rumus Federer dengan jumlah sampel 32 ekor mencit yang dibagi empat kelompok perlakuan : K0 adalah kelompok kontrol diberi placebo dan jus bawang bombay 1 g/kgBB, K1 adalah kelompok kontrol DM yang diinduksi STZ dosis rendah 50 mg/ kgBB, K2 adalah kelompok induksi STZ dosis rendah dan jus bawang bombay 0,5 g/kgBB, K3 adalah kelompok induksi STZ dosis rendah dan jus bawang bombay 1 g/kgBB. Kualitas spermatozoa yang diperiksa adalah motilitas spermatozoa. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji Mann-Whitney. Uji normalitas dengan Saphiro-Wilk didapatkan p<0,05 pada semua parameter (data tidak berdistribusi normal). Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis didapatkan p<0,05, menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan motilitas pada keempat kelompok perlakuan. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan motilitas antar kelompok (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian jus bawang bombay dosis 0,5 g/kgBB dan 1 g/kgBB meningkatkan motilitas spermatozoa mencit yang dijadikan DM dengan induksi STZ.Kata Kunci : Jus bawang bombay (Allium cepa Linn.), motilitas spermatozoa, mencit (Mus musculus), streptozotocin (STZ)


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okky Irtanto ◽  
Alex Pangkahila ◽  
IGM Aman

Abstract: Overtraining accelerates aging due to the excessive production of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress. Banana floret extract contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity which can increase the body's defence to deal with the oxidative stress by increasing the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study was aimed to prove that the banana (Musa x paradisiaca) floret extract could prevent the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in overtraining-induced mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c liver. This was a true experimental study with the post-test only control group design. Subjects were 36 male mice (Mus musculus), BALB/c strain, 12 weeks old, weighing 20-22 g, which were divided into two groups with 18 mice each. The control group (P0) was treated with a placebo of 1 ml aquadest and overtrained for 14 days meanwhile the treatment group (P1) was treated with banana (Musa x paradisiaca) floret extract of 400 mg/kgBW/day and overtrained for 14 days. The results showed that after 14-day treatment, the mean SOD level in the liver tissue of the P0 group was 568.82±9.558 U/mg protein whereas in the P1 group was 588.37±10.629 U/mg protein (P < 0.01). The t-independent test showed a t value of -5.804 and a P value of 0.000 which indicated that after treatment, the levels of SOD in liver tissue of both groups were significantly different. Conclusion: Banana (Musa x paradisiaca) floret extract could prevent the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the liver tissue of overtraining-induced mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c.Keywords: banana floret, SOD, liver, overtrainingAbstrak: Aktivitas fisik berlebih mempercepat penuaan karena meningkatkan produksi radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Ekstrak floret pisang mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan kapasitas antioksidan yang dapat meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh dalam menghadapi stres oksidatif melalui peningkatan kadar superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak floret pisang raja (Musa x paradisiaca) dapat mencegah penurunan kadar SOD pada hati mencit (Mus musculus) BALB/c dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post test only control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 36 ekor mencit (Mus Musculus) BALB/c, jantan, berumur 12 minggu, berat badan 20-22 gr, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 18 ekor mencit. Kelompok kontrol (P0) diberikan plasebo berupa aquadest sebanyak 1 ml dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih selama 14 hari, dan kelompok perlakuan (P1) diberikan ekstrak floret pisang raja (Musa x paradisiaca) dosis 400 mg/kgBB mencit per hari dicampur aquadest hingga 1 ml dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kadar SOD jaringan hati pada kelompok kontrol (P0) sesudah perlakuan (post-test) ialah 568,82±9,558 U/mg protein, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan (P1) ialah 588,37± 10,629 U/mg protein. Analisis kemaknaan dengan T-Independent mendapatkan nilai t= -5,804 dan nilai P = 0,000 yang menunjukkan bahwa sesudah perlakuan (post-test), kadar SOD jaringan hati pada kedua kelompok berbeda sangat bermakna. Simpulan: Ekstrak floret pisang raja (Musa x paradisiaca) dapat mencegah penurunan kadar SOD pada hati mencit (Mus musculus) BALB/c dengan aktivitas fisik berlebih.Kata kunci: floret pisang raja, SOD, hati, aktivitas fisik berlebih


2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widayati Agustina ◽  
Widjiati Widjiati ◽  
Alfiah Hayati

This study aimed to determine the effects of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil on MDA levels and spermatozoa quality in mice (Mus musculus) exposed to MSG. The quality includes motility, viability, concentration, and morphology of spermatozoa. This experimental study used randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects of this study were 25 mice (Mus musculus), divided into 5 groups (5 mice per group). K- group received distilled water for 35 days. K+ group received 4 mg/g BW MSG for 21 days. P1, P2, and P3 treatment groups received 4 mg/g BW MSG for 21 days and 0.02; 0.04; 0.08 ml/g BW red fruit oil, respectively, from day 22 to 35. The results showed that mean spermatozoa morphology in K-, K+, P1, P2, P3 groups were as follows: 0.86; 0.56; 0.67; 0.61; and 0.87 (%). The spermatozoa concentrations were sequentially as follows: 21; 10; 15; 32,8,19 (107 cells/ml). The spermatozoa's vitalities were as follows: 0,64; 0,14; 0,24; P2: 0.36; 0.68 (%). MDA levels were respectively: 0.29; 0.60; 0.35; 0.23; and 0.19 (nm). As a conclusion, testicular MDA levels in mice exposed to MSG and given with red fruit oil were lower than those in mice exposed to MSG without receiving red fruit oil. The quality of spermatozoa in mice exposed to MSG and receiving red fruit oil was higher than that of mice exposed to MSG without being given with red fruit oil.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Arum Reyan Safitri ◽  
Rita Ismawati

Background: Hypertension is the silent disease which a person will not know if he has increased blood pressure. The incidence rate of hypertension is very high especially in the elderly population over 60 years. Hypertension management can be done in pharmacological ways such as medicines and can use natural ingredients in lowering blood pressure that is by utilizing the noni fruit.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Noni fruit tea in lowering elderly blood pressure with hypertensionMethod: This research was quasy experimental throug with Pretest-Postest Control Group Design design. Determination of research sample by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample of the study was 34 respondents divided into two groups. Intervention of Noni fruit tea given as much as 5 gram for 30 days with frequency of giving 2 times a day in the morning and afternoon. Blood pressuremeasurement was performed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study. Data were analysed using wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test.Result: Mann Whitney test results showed that there was significant effect after the intervention of noni fruit tea in treatment group compared with control group with systolic blood pressure value (p =0.000171) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.000480) with α = 0.05Conclusions: Blood pressure in the treatment group after the intervention of noni fruit tea decreased blood pressure compared with the control group. It is Suggested of research, need to do periodic nutrition education and giving noni fruit tea as alternative medicine that effectively decrease hypertension, scheduled.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan the silent disease dimana seseorang tidak akan mengetahui jika dirinya mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah. Angka insiden hipertensi sangat tinggi terutama pada populasi lanjut usia diatas 60 tahun. Penatalaksaan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan cara farmakologis seperti obat-obatan serta dapat menggunakan bahan alami dalam menurunkan tekanan darah yaitu dengan memanfaatkan buah mengkudu.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektifitas teh buah mengkudu dalam menurunkan tekanan darah lansia dengan hipertensiMetode : Penelitian ini bersifat quasy eksperimental dengan desain Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. Penentuan sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 34 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Intervensi teh buah mengkudu diberikan sebanyak 5 gram selama 30 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari. Pengukuran tekanan darah darah dilakukan pada awal penelitian dan di akhir penelitian. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney.Hasil : Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan sesudah intervensi teh buah mengkudu pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dengan nilai tekanan darah sistolik (p=0.000171) dan tekanan darah diastolik (p=0,000480) dengan α=0.05Kesimpulan : Tekanan darah pada kelompok perlakuan susudah intervensi teh buah mengkudu mengalami penurunan tekanan darah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Saran penelitian, perlu dilakukan pendidikan gizi secara berkala dan pemberian teh buah mengkudu sebagai obat alternatif yang efektif menurunkan hipertensi, secara terjadwal.


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah McKenzie ◽  
Tony Xing Tan ◽  
Edward C. Fletcher ◽  
Andrea Jackson-Williams

We sought to determine whether receiving major re-selection (MRS) advising benefits undergraduate students' grade-point averages (GPAs). We used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design to compare a treatment group (n = 219) of undergraduates who changed their majors after receiving MRS advising with a control group (n = 206) who changed majors without advising during the same semester as the treatment group. Findings showed that, on average, students who received MRS experienced no change in their program GPA but an increase in their semester GPA; however, the control group experienced a decrease in program and semester GPAs. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that MRS advising had a positive effect on posttest semester GPAs (β = .33, p &lt; .001) and program GPAs (β = .28, p &lt; .001). Implications for student advising are discussed.


Author(s):  
Khaerul Anam ◽  
I P G Adiatmika ◽  
I Putu Adiartha Griadhi ◽  
I Made Muliarta ◽  
Luh Putu Ratna Sundari ◽  
...  

Boxing is the basic gesture for all martial arts, because all of them definitely use the shadow shot and common shot. These two types of shots are related each other because anaerobic capacity must go along with aerobic capacity.To attain the proper knowledge about the method of shadow shot and common shot in increasing VO2max for the endurance of arm muscles for boxer athletes in Central Lombok Regency. Research was experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design, this research wasconducted in Pertina Lombok Tengah Regency. The research subjects involved 15 people divided into two groups, 7 and 8 samples respectively. The control group given only shadow shot while treatment group given common shot. This training held 3 times a week in six weeks for both groups. The analyses data with independent t-test. Researcher found The endurance of arm muscles (p<0,05) that training in twu group his’not significant to VO2max (p>0,05).Keywords: Shadow blows, regular blows, Boxing, VO2max and Endurance of arm Muscl


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tumini Tumini

In every stage of long and complex chemotherapy procedure, of course, it could confuse patients. The purpose of this queasy experimental research was to analyze the effect of education from nurses about chemotherapy procedure on patient's knowledge level toward the use of new card at one-stop oncology poly (POSA (Poli Onkologi Satu Atap)) of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, by using "pre-test post-test with control group design". The subjects were divided into two groups: treatment group that was given the education in using new cards and control group that was given the education in using old cards. The treatment group underwent the increase knowledge of general chemotherapy procedures, meanwhile, the control group did not undergo any increase. Keywords: Chemotherapy procedures, Knowledge, Patients, Education


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