scholarly journals Proximate Composition And Phytochemical Constituents Of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray Stems (Asteraceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Uduak Essiett ◽  
Emana Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Athlete’S Foot

Proximate composition and phytochemical constituents of stems of A. africana and T. diversifolia (Asteraceae) were investigated. The stems of these species contain anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties which cures malaria, skin diseases, athlete’s foot, asthma, gonorrhoea and to stop bleeding. The stems of these two species revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The proximate analysis of the stems of A. africana and T. diversifolia showed the moisture content of 15.7% and 20.6%, total ash of 6.10% and 6.55%, acid insoluble ash of 0.55% and 0.33%, sulphated ash of 18.8% and 14.0%, protein content of 7.87% and 9.62%, fat of 3.68% and 4.21%, fibre of 12.30% and 15.82%, carbohydrate of 75.97% and 70.35%, volatile ether soluble of 7.33% and 1.66%, water soluble of 3.33% and 0.33% and diluted alcohol soluble of 5.33% and 5.66%. The results of this study suggest the popular use of A. africana and T. diversifolia in herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Biological Activities and Phytochemical Constituents of Trailing Daisy Trilobata: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 888-892
Author(s):  
K Sai Prasanna ◽  
G Jyothi Reddy ◽  
M Kiran ◽  
K Thyaga Raju
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Wedelia Trilobata ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Natural Medicines

The traditional system of medicinal plants have been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, analgesic properties etc. Plant-derived drugs are used to cure mental illness, skin diseases, tuberculosis, diabetes, jaundice, hypertension, and cancer. Wedelia Trilobata belongs to family Asteraceae. Leaf, stem, and flower of Wedelia trilobata show anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity. Phytochemical screening of the extract has been reported to show the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, saponins, and coumarins. Wedelia Trilobata is also used in reproductive problems, amenorrhea, chest cold, dry cough, and fever. The present review aims to the study was phytoconstituents, biological and pharmacological activities of Wedelia trilobata. This study suggested a possible use of Wedelia trilobata as a source of natural medicines as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic agents. Keywords: Wedelia Trilobata, Trialing daisy trilobata, Complaya trilobata(L), Sphagneticola Trilobata, pharmacological review.

Phytochemical, Quantitative Proximate and In vitro Anti-inflammatory Study of the Crude Methanol Extract of Stachytarpheta indica Leaves (Verbenaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Cyril Ogbiko ◽  
Dickson Achimugu Musa ◽  
Musa Usman Dabai ◽  
Ibeabuchi Jude Ali ◽  
Abubakar Sani Yelwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

Herbal medicine despite its increase usage globally is being plagued by inadequate research on their effectiveness. Stachytarpheta indica commonly known as snakeweed is used locally in the management of asthma, headache, alopecia, bronchitis, bruise, chest cold, constipation, itch, diarrhea, skin sore, vermifuge, dysentery, dysmenorrhea among others. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, quantitative proximate parameters and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of S. indica using established methods. Results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, terpenoid, tannin, anthraquinones, phenolics and flavonoid. Moisture content (9.16 ± 0.04%), total ash (19.42 ± 0.15%), water insoluble ash (7.17 ± 0.22%), acid insoluble ash (3.63 ± 0.26%), alcohol soluble extractive (0.99 ± 0.06%) and water-soluble extractive (0.36 ± 0.02%) values were obtained from the quantitative proximate analysis. An infusion of the methanol leaf extract of Stachytarpheta indica demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner comparable to that of indomethacin standard.

scholarly journals Pistacia integerrima (Shringi)- A Plant with Significant Pharmacological Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Manish Grover ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
North West ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Pistacia integerrima is an important medicinal plant belongs to the family Anacardiacea. It is commonly called as Crab’s claw in English and Shani/Shringi in Hindi. It is a single-stemmed, dioecious tree widely distributed in countries like Nepal, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Armenia, North-west and West Himalayas. The plant has significant applications in the traditional systems of medications such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. In addition, the plant is also used in many folkloric cultures around the world to treat a vast array of human ailments such as diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, vomiting, skin diseases, respiratory ailments and psoriasis appetizer, hepatitis and liver related disorders. The characteristic feature of the plant is its essential oil content comprised of many important phytochemical constituents such as alpha-pinene, camphene, di-limonene, 1:8-cineol, caprylic acid, alpha-terpineol and aromadendrene. However, the plant contains many other important secondary metabolites such as steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols which are associated with important pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio-protective, anti-cancer, antidiarrhoeal, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant. The aim of the present study is to summarize the recent pharmacological activities of Pistacia integerrima along with its utilization in traditional medication systems

scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE LEAF OF SENNA SIAMEA IRWIN & BARNEBY (FABACEAE) COLLECTED FROM AGULU IN AWKA SOUTH OF ANAMBRA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Chinasa Charity Ezea
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Background: Pharmacognostic standards and toxicological studies of the leaf of S. siamea were carried out. Objectives: To determine the quantitative phytochemical constituents present, pharmacognostic standards and  toxicological effect of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of S. siamea. Methodology: Fresh leaves of S. siamea were collected, dried, pulverizes to powder and subjected to pharmacognostic and quantitative phytochemical analysis. The pulverized leaves were cold macerated in methanol for three days with intermittent shaking and exchange of fresh solvent every 24 hrs (aliquot extraction). Fractionation was done using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. Chromatographic analysis of the methanol extract and fractions were obtained using standard methods. The methanol extract and fractions where screened for phytochemical constituents and toxicological effects using standard methods. Acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract was determined  using Lorke’s method. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic examinatios revealed acute apex, pinnate veination and diacytic stomata, trichomes respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins etc. Proximate analysis of S. siamea revealed moisture content of 5.50 %, total ash value of 15.00 %, water soluble ash of 2.00 % etc.  The LD50 was found to be > 5000 mg/kg. Increase in ALT, AST and ALP when metanol extract and fractions were administered were not statistically different from the control group, indicating no hepatotoxic potential. Increase in PCV, Hb and RBC when metanol extract and fractions were administered were not statistically different from control group. The non-significant decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT and AST indicates that the extract has possible hepatoprotective effect. The non-significant decrease in the levels of RBC, Hb and PCV indicates that the extract does not affect the heamatopoietic system when administered orally and at the doses used in the study. Conclusions: Specific standards obtained from the study may be compiled into a monograph of S.siemea plant that may constitute in herbal pharmacopoeia.

Pharmacognostical and pharmacological activity of Justicia gendarussa burm.f.: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3384-3390
Author(s):  
Ashish ◽  
Anjali ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Nagarajan K ◽  
Sahoo Jagannath
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Different Parts

Justicia gendarussa Burm .f. (family Acanthaceae) which is also known as willow-leaves and commonly known as Nili-Nirgundi, it is very commonly found nearby to China and its availability is very common in larger parts of India and Andaman islands. Traditionally it is used to treat various sorts of disorders such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiproliferative, anti-arthritic etc. Justicia gendarussa is one of the crucial herbs which has been used in the Ayurveda. Majorly leaves parts of the plant shows the pharmacological activity but the root of the plant Justicia gendarussa is also have the important medicinal values. A large variety of pharmacologically active constituents i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, aminoacids, tannins, phenolics, coumarines and anthaquinones are also present in this plant and they makes the plant pharmacologically important. The activity of the plant is also dependent on the solvent which is used for the extraction the various vital chemical constituents. The different- different parts of the plants having the different medicinal values also differ in the chemical values. This review is not only focused on the essential phytochemical constituents which is available in the plant but it also explains their necessary medicinal value to shows the essential biological action and phytopharmacological actions of various parts of the plant.

Pharmacognostical Standardization and Pharmacological Potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Leaves as an Antiulcer Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4162-4169
Author(s):  
Mayank Kulshreshtha ◽  
Manjul Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb, (E. ganitrus) known as Rudraksha belongs to family- Eleocarpaceae. It has a reflecting position in Hinduism and Ayurveda whereas traditionally it has mentioned to cure various health problems like fever, skin diseases, mental problems, wound healing etc. The present study was designed to study the microscopic and macroscopic analysis, physiochemical parameters, quantitative microscopy, phytochemical screening of E. ganitrus leaves as per WHO guidelines and evaluate the antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus (AEEG) and ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus (EEEG) at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg using pylorus ligation induced ulcers model, biochemical parameters. Hepatic, cardiac, hematological parameters have also done to find out the effect of different extracts on other major organs. Microscopic analysis proved the presence of covering trichomes, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, stomata, phloem, xylem etc. Ash value, water soluble ash, acid soluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, loss on drying, swelling index, foaming index found to be 4.3 ± 0.52, 0.2 ± 0.33, 2.0 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.25, 12.5 ± 0.55, 9.8 ± 0.23, 3.6 ± 0.04, more than 100. Different quantitative parameters were found out. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, phenolic compounds etc. Pharmacological potential showed that extracts treated, and sucralfate treated groups showed significantly decreases in ulcer index in all above-mentioned models, biochemical studies clearly showed significant decreases in volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity of gastric content and increases in gastric mucus parameters like protein, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid and DNA level. The level of antioxidant enzymes like LPO (Lipid peroxidation), SOD (Superoxide dimutase) were decreased and CAT (Catalase) level was increased. Level of PC (Plasma corticosterone) was decreased. Hematological, hepatic, cardiac parameters found to be normal during extracts treatment. Histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies at various doses and it was found to be effective in dose dependent manner. The obtained scientific data may be helpful to prepare the monograph of the plant and E. ganitrus has antiulcer potential in a dose dependent. Detailed study needed for better exposure of plant.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, Salsola cyclophylla

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Salman A. A. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Hussein M. Eldeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Halophytic Plant ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Salsola cyclophylla, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of S. cyclophylla 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2+-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC50 at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC50 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging’s were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (p = 0.03), 87.50% (p < 0.01), and 99.66% (p = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (p < 0.0001), 34.51% (p < 0.0001), and 24.82% (p < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract’s administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities.

Proximate Composition and Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity of Phytochemicals in Agave sisalana (sisal) adapted in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Shahzad ◽  
Mumtaz Hussain ◽  
Hassan Munir ◽  
Muhammad Arfan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Exploring extractable phytochemicals from locally adapted sisal plant vegetation vary seasonally at different locations. This study elaborated proximate composition and phytochemical heterogeneity in sisal due to varying environmental conditions analyzed from five districts, i.e., Chakwal, Khushab, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, and Layyah in Punjab, Pakistan. Extensive surveying and plant sampling across two years 2017-18 and 2018-19, during mid-spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons were carried out for understanding the seasonal impact on sisal. The present study was designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and analyzed considering seasonal, yearly, and locational impact. The spatial differences in phytochemicals concentration were strongly associated with environmental conditions prevailing in different seasons. Autumn season reflected saponins, tannins, and flavonoids in higher concentrations during 2018-19 while steroids and terpenoids were higher during spring 2018-19. While Spatio-temporal variations in the proximate analysis were more apparent in different samples collected from different districts. Data recorded for the Khushab district and autumn season reflected the higher composition of a proximate analysis and phytochemical contents as compared to other seasons. Overall, the spatial differences in phytochemicals concentration were strongly associated with soils and environmental conditions prevailing in different seasons in selected districts.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Furrianca ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Luis Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

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