scholarly journals THE ECOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF EARLY NEOLITHIC INNOVATIONS IN THE NORTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Nataliуa M. Chairkina ◽  
◽  
Henny Piezonka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Siberia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Climatic Cooling ◽  
Peat Formation

In the mid-7th — early 6th millennium BC at the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition, a number of innovations appeared in the lifeways of people in the West Siberian taiga, including the first appearance of pottery (the defining criterion for the onset of the Neolithic), the intensification of the subsistence economy with an increasing role of aquatic resources, and the transition to a less mobile lifestyle. These innovations were reflected in the construction of long-term open and few fortified settlements, including circular layouts and the construction of ritual mounds (kholmy). These improvements attest to significant changes in subsistence economy as well as worldviews of the hunter-fisher-gatherers of the taiga zone of West Siberia. The emergence of these innovations chronologically coincides with the most prominent global climatic cooling event of the Holocene, which took place around 6.2 thousand years cal BC (the so-called 8.2 ka BP event) and had a substantial impact on the ancient societies of Europe and Southwest Asia. To reconstruct the paleoclimate of northern West Siberia, the most informative source to date are peatbogs, which contain, as a rule, complete sedimentation sequences of all Holocene periods, allowing a greater degree of reliability in using scientific methods in paleogeographical reconstructions. This article reviews current evidence on features and age of the peat formation process and additional information on the Early Holocene paleoclimatic developments in northern West Siberia. The preliminary data indicate that favourable climatic conditions led to balanced and probably abundant environmental resources in the early Atlantic period. At the same time, the sparsely populated territory might have seen the arrival of new population groups into the region, which might have introduced or triggered a number of socio-economic innovations such as the construction of fortified settlements with complex layouts and the tradition of clay pottery manufacture.

Peculiarities of the course of the postpartum period in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology and behavioral reactions in the North-East of Russia (Republic of Sakha)

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
V. Fedorov ◽  
E. Sleptsov ◽  
K. Plemyashov
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mountain Taiga

A growth in the number of deer and an increase in their productivity are closely related to the solution of the complex problem of reproduction and rational use of deer females. Significant damage to reindeer husbandry is caused by the barrenness of northern domestic deer, the level of which has been quite high in recent years. So, in the Republic of Sakha, on 01.01.2020, the number of domesticated reindeer was 152,068, of which female deer and heifers — 71,818, offspring per 100 females — 59, business yield amounted to 52 fawns per 100 females. The causes of infertility are very diverse, as the natural and climatic conditions of the breeding zones have a significant influence on the reproductive function of reindeer. In Yakutia, the main population of northern domestic deer is bred in mountain taiga and tundra natural-climatic zones, so there are about 55 thousand deer in the mountain taiga zone and more than 65 thousand deer in the tundra zone. In this regard, the study of the peculiarities of the postpartum period course in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology, and behavioral reactions depending on the natural and climatic conditions of breeding is of great importance.

THE RESULTS OF NARROW LEAVED LUPINE VARIETIES EVALUATING FOR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE BRYANSK REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
P. А. Ageeva ◽  
М. V. Matyukhina ◽  
N. А. Pochutina ◽  
O. M. Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Kaliningrad Region

The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable legumes crop used as forage and green manure which is adapted to wide spectrum of soil-and climatic conditions; the crop has short domestication history. The protein content in its seeds and in dry matter of green mass varies from 30.0 to 37.0% and from 16.0 to 22.0 % respectively and depends on ecotype and soil-and-climatic conditions. This lupin specie can accumulate to 300 kg/ha symbiotic nitrogen in biomass and assimilates phosphorus and potassium of heavy available soil layers. It is very technological suitable for common used machinery systems. The State List of breeding achievements of Russia recommends the following regions for lupin cultivation: the North, the North-West, the Central, the Volga-Vyatka, the Middle-Volga, the Central Chernozem, the Ural, the West Siberia and the East Siberia. The tests were carried out in 2017-2020 in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute which is located in the South-West of the Central region. Ten varieties and breeding lines bred in the Institute are tested. The samples differ by early ripeness and anthracnose tolerance. The average experimental variety grain yield was 2.38 t/ha. The vars. Uzkolistny 53-02, USN 53-236, Bryanskiy kormovoy and SBS 56-15 have the highest yield and adaptivity (103-113 %). The index of year conditions was revealed; 2017 with the index 0.56 was the most favorable for implementation of grain productivity of the tested narrow-leafed lupin varieties. In the ecological varieties testing the soil-and-climatic conditions of Shatilovskaya experimental station (Orel region) were the most favorable for implementation of variety grain productivity (4.0-4.5 t/ha). Grain yield was 3.0-4.0 t/ha in ecological locations which differ in soil-and-climatic conditions: there are Kaliningrad region, Mordovia Republic, Krasnoyarsk region etc.

scholarly journals Analysis and revision of the Miocene boreal faunae of bivalve mollusks of the South Sakhalin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Д. ХУДИК ◽  
Ю.Д. ЗАХАРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Japan Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
South Sakhalin ◽  
Early Neogene ◽  
Climatic Cooling

Приведены результаты изучения остатков фаун двустворчатых моллюсков из миоценовых отложений Южного Сахалина. Их анализ позволил выделить три бореальных комплекса моллюсков: невельский, раннечеховский и курасийский, фиксирующие периоды похолодания климата в миоцене региона. Изучение неогеновых представителей родов Lucinoma и Mya позволило обозначить среди них ряд таксонов, имеющих стратиграфическое значение. Установленное присутствие тепловодных двустворок в фаунах позднечеховского времени Южного Сахалина, очевидно, отражает собой начальный этап тенденции нарастающего потепления климата в миоцене региона с климатическим оптимумом в верхнедуйско-сертунайское время. Высказывается следующее мнение: неустойчивые климатические условия в позднем палеогене – раннем неогене северной части Япономорского региона могли быть основной причиной возникновения здесь одного из мощных центров эволюции морских малакофаун бореальных районов северной Пацифики. The results on the studying of the faunae of bivalve mollusks remains from miocene deposits of the South Sakhalin are presented. The analysis of the last ones allowed distinguishing the following three boreal assemblages of mollusks: Nevelskiy, early Chekhovskiy and Kurasiiskiy, recording the period of climatic cooling in miocene of the region. Studying of Neogene representatives of Lucinoma and Mya generas allowed identifying some taxa among them which have stratigraphic significance. The detected presence of warm water bivalves in the faunae of the late Chekhovsky time of the South Sakhalin appears to reflect the initial stage of the tendency of the intensifying climate warming happened during miocene, with climatic optimum during the Verkhneduysky – Sertunaysky times. An opinion is expressed that the unstable climatic conditions in the northern part of the Japan Sea region during late Paleogene – early Neogene could have been the main reason for originating of one of the high-potential centers of evolution of the marine malacofaunae of boreal regions of the North Pacific.

scholarly journals ТОРФЯНЫЕ БОЛОТА И ИХ БИОСФЕРНАЯ РОЛЬ

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Л.И. Инишева ◽  
Е.В. Порохина ◽  
М.А. Сергеева ◽  
К.И. Кобак
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Bogs occupy a significant part of territory in Russia. In the present article, the main factors of formation of peat bogs and their functions in the biosphere are discussed as exemplified with pineal-bushy-mossy biocenoses in Western Siberia. Carbon balance during periods differing in climatic conditions are analyzed. Field observations and mathematical models of peat accretion suggest that net carbon accumulation takes place in bogs of several types. In may be expected that in the forthcoming decades the current climatic conditions will, upon increasing temperature and atmospheric precipitates, result in the activation of bog formation and peat accumulation in the north of Russia, including West Siberia.

ЗУБРЫ НА СЕВЕРЕ РОССИИ — НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
I.V. GUSAROV ◽  
V.A. OSTAPENKO ◽  
T.V. NOVIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Впервые в мире создана популяция зубров на территории 60 градусов северной широты. В новых климатических условиях разведения и сохранения зубров определены и проанализированы факторы существования вида на севере Европейской части РФ. Выявлены признаки, динамика численности, которые являются составной частью системы, предназначенной для управления биоразнообразием. Интродукция, являясь процессом введения в экосистему нехарактерных для нее видов, может усиливать изменения биоценозов как положительно, так и отрицательно. Насколько быстро и успешно проходит процесс адаптации заселенного вида, и усматривается его влияние на окружающую среду зависит дальнейшее существование зубров и в целом биоразнообразия. В статье обсуждаются вопросы взаимоотношения зубров с другими видами копытных и хозяйственной деятельностью человека, а также дальнейшим использованием зубров в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Пластичность зубров, выявление изменений и их анализ при вселении видов в новые условия обитания необходимы не только для определения развития или деградации биоценозов и в целом экосистемы, но и прогноза социально-экономических последствий интродукции как одного из методов сохранения редких и исчезающих видов фауны.For the first time in the world, a bison population has been created in an area of 60 degrees north latitude. In the new climatic conditions of breeding and preservation of bison, the factors of the species existence in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation are identified and analyzed. The signs, dynamics of abundance, which are an integral part of the system designed to manage biodiversity are identified, since the preservation of biological diversity on the planet is one of the main problems of our time. Introduction, being the process of introducing non-typical species into an ecosystem, can enhance changes in biocenoses, both positively and negatively. The question posing sounds especially when it comes to such a large hoofed animal as the European bison. How quickly and successfully the process of adaptation of the universe takes place and its environmental impact is seen depends on the continued existence of bison and biodiversity in general. The article discusses the relationship of bison with other types of ungulates and human activities, as well as the further use of bison in agricultural production. How these issues will be resolved positively depends on the future of these animals. Thus, the plasticity of bison, the identification of changes and their analysis, with the introduction of species into new habitat conditions is necessary not only to determine the development or degradation of biocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole, but also to predict the socio-economic consequences due to the introduction as one of the methods of preserving rare and endangered species of fauna.

A multiproxy record of sedimentation, pedogenesis, and environmental history in the north of West Siberia during the late Pleistocene based on the Belaya Gora section

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sheinkman ◽  
Sergey Sedov ◽  
Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh ◽  
Elena Bezrukova ◽  
Dmitriy Dobrynin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
The North ◽  
Mis 5

Abstract Recent revision of the Pleistocene glaciation boundaries in northern Eurasia has encouraged the search for nonglacial geological records of the environmental history of northern West Siberia. We studied an alluvial paleosol-sedimentary sequence of the high terrace of the Vakh River (middle Ob basin) to extract the indicators of environmental change since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. Two levels of the buried paleosols are attributed to MIS 5 and MIS 3, as evidenced by U/Th and radiocarbon dates. Palynological and pedogenetic characteristics of the lower pedocomplex recorded the climate fluctuations during MIS 5, from the Picea-Larix taiga environment during MIS 5e to the establishment of the tundra-steppe environment due to the cooling of MIS 5d or MIS 5b and partial recovery of boreal forests with Picea and Pinus in MIS 5c or MIS 5a. The upper paleosol level shows signs of cryogenic hydromorphic pedogenesis corresponding to the tundra landscape, with permafrost during MIS 3. Boulders incorporated in a laminated alluvial deposit between the paleosols are dropstones brought from the Enisei valley by ice rafting during the cold MIS 4. An abundance of eolian morphostructures on quartz grains from the sediments that overly the upper paleosol suggests a cold, dry, and windy environment during the MIS 2 cryochron.

Exceptional influx of oceanic species into the North Sea late 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Edwards ◽  
A.W.G. John ◽  
H.G. Hunt ◽  
J.A. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Oceanic Species

Continuous Plankton Recorder records from the North Sea and north-east Atlantic from September 1997 to March 1998 indicate an exceptional influx of oceanic indicator species into the North Sea. These inflow events, according to historical evidence, have only occurred sporadically during this century. This exceptional inflow and previous inflow events are discussed in relation to their similarity in terms of their physical and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Climatic conditions, mass balance and dynamics of Larsen B ice shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, prior to collapse

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Skvarca ◽  
Hernán De Angelis ◽  
Andrés F. Zakrajsek
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Significant Acceleration

AbstractFollowing the collapse of Larsen A in 1995, about 3200 km2 of Larsen B ice shelf disintegrated in early 2002 during the warmest summer recorded on the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula. Immediately prior to disintegration the last field campaign was carried out on Larsen B. Measurements included surface net mass balance, velocity and strain rate on a longitudinal transect along Crane Glacier flowline and over a remnant section confined within Seal Nunataks that survived the collapse. In addition, an automatic weather station located nearby allowed derivation of melt days relevant to the formation and extent of surface meltwater. Repeated surveys allowed us to detect a significant acceleration in ice-flow velocity and associated increasing strain rates along the longitudinal transect. It may be possible to use this acceleration as a predictor of imminent ice-shelf collapse, applicable to ice shelves subject to similar climatic conditions. Additional information on recent ongoing changes was provided by a visible satellite image acquired in early 2003.

scholarly journals Global drivers effect in multi-annual variability of runoff

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Fendeková ◽  
Pavla Pekárová ◽  
Marián Fendek ◽  
Ján Pekár ◽  
Peter Škoda
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Coherence Function ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

Abstract Changes in runoff parameters are very important for Slovakia, where stream-flow discharges, being supplied by precipitation and groundwater runoff, are preferentially influenced by climatic conditions. Therefore, teleconnections between runoff parameters, climate parameters and global atmospheric drivers such as North Atlantic Oscillation, Southern Pacific Oscillation, Quasi-biennial oscillation and solar activity were studied in the Nitra River Basin, Slovakia. Research was mostly based on records of 80 years (1931-2010) for discharges and baseflow, and 34 years for groundwater heads. Methods of autocorrelation, spectral analysis, cross-correlation and coherence function were used. Results of auto- correllograms for discharges, groundwater heads and base flow values showed a very distinct 11-year and 21-year periodicity. Spectrogram analysis documented the 11-year, 7.8-year, 3.6-year and 2.4-year periods in the discharge, precipitation and air temperature time series. The same cycles except of 11-years were also identified in the long-term series of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Southern Pacific Oscillation indices. The cycle from approximately 2.3 to 2.4-years is most likely connected with Quasi-biennial oscillation. The close negative correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation winter index and the hydrological surface and groundwater parameters can be used for their prediction within the same year and also for one year in advance.

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