scholarly journals IKLIM USAHA INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN BIJI KAKAO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Firman Mutakin ◽  
Tumpal Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Performance

Indonesia is one among three major producers of cocoa beans. Nevertheless, industrial performance of cocoa beans industrial process bearish for the past few years. The purposes of this research are to analyse policies related to development the cocoa processing industry as well as analizing factor which cause low quality of cocoa beans. Factors that caused an uncondusif business climate on cocoa beans industry ar among of hers; high administrative fee in form of tax and entry charges for raw material that caused and increase in production cost structure of the industrial process of the cocoa beans, The low quality of the cocoa benas itself resulted from the un willingness of the farmers to ferment their products, ages of plantswhich more that its productive age and caused small beans producted, mixture between high quality and low quality beans and bugs infection of cocoa plants.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals Ventilation changes in the western North Pacific since the last glacial period

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2719-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Okazaki ◽  
T. Sagawa ◽  
H. Asahi ◽  
K. Horikawa ◽  
J. Onodera
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Sedimentation ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. We reconstructed the ventilation record of deep water at 2100 m depth in the mid-latitude western North Pacific over the past 25 kyr from radiocarbon measurements of coexisting planktic and benthic foraminiferal shells in sediment with a high sedimentation rate. The 14C data on fragile and robust planktic foraminiferal shells were concordant with each other, ensuring high quality of the reconstructed ventilation record. The radiocarbon activity changes were consistent with the atmospheric record, suggesting that no massive mixing of old carbon from the abyssal reservoir occurred throughout the glacial to deglacial periods.

scholarly journals Reforestation of ‘Village Forest’ to Improve Sustaiability Creative Industries in Desa Siponjot

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 714-722
Author(s):  
Noverita Sprinse Vinolina ◽  
Antonio Marro Sipayung ◽  
Dardanila ◽  
Sondang Pintauli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Village

This program is conducted to assist Siponjot Village while empowering the people of Siponjot Village to be able to utilize and maximize the benefit of the village forest. Village forest might support the availability of raw materials required for making musical instruments, such as high quality of wood, including how to process wood waste from making musical instruments to be used as creative souvenirs and improve the economic value. The raw material for production determined its results of the production of wood-based musical instruments. Thus, in order to produce a high quality tanginang, hasapi, and gondang, which previously began to be produced by arts crafts in the Sitangkubang area of ​​Siponjot Village, a high quality of raw materials is needed. The community service team surveyed the location of planting seeds for village forest restoration, provided socialization related to the importance of village forest cultivation and the suitability of the Siponjot Village area for the cultivation of these plants. Village forest restoration aims to maintain the beauty and beauty of the village. Implementation of village reforestation activities starting from socializing forest tourism and the strength of village forests to the community, followed by a discussion about village forest management and its economic benefits. Handover of a thousand units of forest plant seedlings given to the villagers of Siponjot as part of the forest restoration program in the area.

A Feasibility Study of the Material Removal Rate of the Conical End-Face of the Optical Fiber under Polishing

2014 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chien Tsai ◽  
Guang Miao Huang ◽  
Jun Hong Chen ◽  
Inn Chyn Her
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beam Delivery

The surfaces of the microlenses at the conical end-faces of optical fibers require high quality to keep the best performance of laser beam delivery. The polishing parameters play an important role to get the best quality of the microlenses. Most of the past researches study on the polishing parameters of flat surfaces. In this study, the polishing area of the conical end-face of the optical fiber is varied during fabrication. The relation between removed volume and removed thickness is built to determine the material removal rate. An experiment is carried out and the results show that the first two spinning turns are much effective for polishing under the parameters of the experiment.

An Experimental Study to Find the Acoustic Quality Indicators of Mulberry Wood

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mansour ◽  
Mehdi Behzad
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Case ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Quality

Morus Alba or mulberry is a wood species that is broadly used in making musical instruments in Eastern countries. However, the mechanical and acoustical properties of this type of wood are not investigated properly. In this study a set of features, previously examined for other species, are applied to this wood and its acoustic quality is evaluated. Setar, a Persian musical instrument made of mulberry wood, is selected as the test case of this experiment. Different samples of wood are gathered and categorized based on their appropriateness for Setar construction. The quality of each sample is identified based on the Perceptual knowledge of professional Setar makers. The most effective features are then selected and their average values are calculated for high quality samples. The result of this study helps Setar makers to select proper raw material before making an instrument. In addition, this approach can be applied to other wood species used in music industry.

High Quality Graphene Formation on 3C-SiC/4H-AlN/Si Heterostructure

2014 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Jiao ◽  
Yuya Murakami ◽  
Hiroyoki Nagasawa ◽  
Hirokazu Fukidome ◽  
Isao Makabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Nanoelectromechanical System ◽  
Sic Film

The growth of graphene on 3C-SiC/Si heterostructure is a promising approach, which provides low production cost, high scalability and easiness of nanoelectromechanical system fabrication. However, the quality of graphene is still insufficient for device applications due to mediocre morphological and structural quality of the 3C-SiC epilayers compared to bulk SiC crystals and to excessive Si out-diffusion from the Si substrate. Here, we propose a solution of inserting a 4H-AlN layer between 3C-SiC and Si, which allows us to polish the 3C-SiC film without worrying about enhancement of the Si out-diffusion despite the thinning after the polishing. With this insertion, a considerable quality improvement is achieved in our graphene on silicon.

scholarly journals Chromatographic characterization of pyroligneous liquid obtained from carbonization of peach stone

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Lidiane Schmalfuss Valadão ◽  
Caroline Dos Santos Duarte ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Agroindustrial Residue

The peach stone is considered an agroindustrial residue originating from the industrial process of peach in halves in syrup. It does not have an adequate destination, its final disposal is incorrect and may cause contamination in the environmental compartments. In this way, the burning of this raw material as biomass enables its reuse, besides adding value to the residue. Among the processes used for the application of this residue is the carbonization process, which allows to obtain co-products with higher added value, such as pyroligneous liquid, which represents a fraction of organic compounds condensed from the smoke emitted during carbonization. The quality of the liquid depends on the process conditions and the biomass used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the sample of pyrolignous liquid obtained from the carbonization of the peach stone, on an industrial scale, qualitative and semi quantitative. Preliminary characterization (pH, conductivity, color, density and contents of tar, organic matter and acidity) and a chemical characterization by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were performed. The liquid presented satisfactory results for the physico-chemical evaluations. Regarding the qualitative determination, it was possible to identify 49 compounds. Highlighting the phenols, with 44.90% of the number of compounds, mainly methoxyphenols. These are compounds with significant added value and industrial importance, indicating their use as raw material in the production of polymer resins, among other purposes.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Obtaining Renewable Energy in Dairy Farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Wacław Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
The Innovative Management ◽  
High Level

AbstractModern livestock facilities necessary in the production of milk, meat or other animal products should be constructed with environmental protection in mind, while ensuring high quality of production and animal welfare. The high level of mechanization in modern dairy farms, including automated and robotic processes, allows obtaining high quality raw material (e.g. milk), and significantly increasing labor and production efficiency. In addition, the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels, heat recovery from milk and obtaining biogas from the manure fermentation process, contributes to large energy savings on the farm. Excess of natural fertilizers, which are an animal byproduct, can be used as a substrate for methane fermentation. The presented examples of obtaining renewable energy allow improving the economic efficiency of animal production. They also ensure appropriate environmental conditions through the innovative management of natural fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effect of Dehydration Methods on Okra Chemical and Physical Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislaine S. dos Santos ◽  
Rossana M. F. de Figueirêdo ◽  
Alexandre J. de M. Queiroz ◽  
Thalis L. B. de Lima ◽  
Inacia S. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Perishable Items ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Low Solubility

The agricultural processing industry is continually working to meet consumer demand for new products, diversifying the supply of non-perishable items ready for consumption, conveniently prepared to maintain the main characteristics of the raw material. The objective of this work was to dehydrate whole okra by lyophilization and convective drying at 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C and to evaluate the influence of drying processes on the chemical and physical quality of powdered products. The powders had acceptable contents of lipids, sugars, proteins, pectin, chlorophyll and carotenoids, high hygroscopicity and low solubility. Lyophilization produced powders with characteristics closer to those of the fresh raw material. Regarding the contents of ashes, pectin, lipids and chlorophyll b, the samples obtained by convective drying showed characteristics close and even superior to those of the lyophilized powder.

EFFECTS OF MILKING MACHINES ON THE QUALITY OF MILK1

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
W. G. Whittlestone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Large Herd ◽  
Milking Machine

Advisory officers and milking machine manufacturers have, in the past, criticised scientists on the ground, it is claimed, that no attempt is made to describe developments associated with farming in terms which can be understood by intelligent laymen. This article deals with the specific problem of the effects of the milking machine on milk quality. It suggests one approach to the problem of machine design. There may well be other solutions which have not yet been explored. It is realised that the requirements for high quality milk production may contradict the needs of the farmer with a large herd who is short of labour. There is also the problem of mastitis. These aspects will be examined in later articles in the series, with the thought that, out of an up-to-date consideration of all the problems involved, a working solution will emerge which will be economical, efficient and available to New Zealand farmers.

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