scholarly journals Causative agents of campylo-bacteriosis of birds – etiological factors of toxicoinfections in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Sukhinin ◽  
T.N. Rozhdestvenskaya ◽  
S.V. Pankratov ◽  
L.I. Smirnova ◽  
S.A. Makavchik
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Causative Agents

This article is devoted to the problems of the emergence among the population of acute intestinal infectious diseases of a zoonotic nature caused by campylobacteriosis. According to WHO estimates, for many years the dominant cause in the development of acute intestinal infectious diseases in humans of a zoonotic nature is campylobacteriosis, which has recently surpassed salmonellosis in prevalence. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of agricultural, domestic and wild birds, animals and humans, caused by microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter, characterized by varying degrees of severity and polymorphism manifestations. Bacteria of the Campylobacter genus are ubiquitous in nature, they are present in the body of poultry and animals. The main reservoirs of Campylobacter are wild and domestic birds, primarily chickens. The high infection rate of C. jejuni of poultry flocks leads to more frequent detection of these bacteria in various types of poultry products. As a result, raw materials and poultry products are considered the main source of excretion and transmission factor of campylobacteriosis pathogens, posing the greatest risk to human health, since chicken meat and eggs occupy one of the dominant places in the population's diet. A high percentage of C. jejuni bacteria carriers among poultry, in case of violation of veterinary and sanitary measures in the farm and against the background of other latent infections, can cause significant economic damage to poultry farming due to a decrease in egg production, weight, mortality of poultry and an increase in the cost of health measures. Today, the system for controlling the spread of campylobacteriosis in poultry farms and at poultry processing enterprises is based on the use of general veterinary-zoo hygienic and antiepizootic measures, which does not always prevent infection of poultry, poultry products and, accordingly, people. In this regard, the development of a National Program for the Control of Campylobacteriosis in Poultry Farms of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the epidemiological well-being of the population is relevant.

scholarly journals Northern Fowl Mite

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Kaufman ◽  
Philip G. Koehler ◽  
Jerry F. Butler ◽  
Harvey L. Cromroy
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Northern Fowl Mite ◽  
The World ◽  
Poultry Farms

The northern fowl mite (Figure 1) is the most important external parasite of poultry in Florida and is widely distributed throughout the state. This mite is found throughout many of the temperate regions of the world parasitizing domestic fowl and wild birds. It has been shown to cause economic damage on poultry farms by causing anemia, lower egg production and even death to birds. Also of considerable importance, the mites will bite man (egg handlers) causing itching and irritation to the skin. This document is ENY-286 (IG141), one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Originally published as Livestock Protection Pointer Number 3, August 1978. Revised March 2006.  ENY-286/IG141: Northern Fowl Mite (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF PROCESSING OF POULTRY WASTES AND PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVES: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
Yu. F. Melnik ◽  
V.G. Kebko ◽  
Yu. P. Polupan ◽  
I. I. Murzha
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Protein Feed

The article highlights different technologies of aviculture wastes recycling, first of all feather raw materials, for fodder purposes, in particular hydrothermal method, extrusion method, thermochemical method, and method of high temperature and high pressure. Hydrothermal method of recycling of meat and bone wastes in the horizontal vacuum boilers has quite satisfactory results, but ineffective in the processing of feather raw materials. More effective methods of raw feathers processing are ones with the use of extrusion process and thermochemical machining, but due to the complexity of processes, large amount of outlay and unsatisfactory sanitary and environmental conditions these technologies are not widely used in manufacturing. European experience of non-waste production and processing of aviculture wastes deserves deeper studying, particularly recycling of raw feathers, by processing method with high temperature and high pressure at continuous technological process and the possibility of using these technologies in the domestic large-scale production at poultry farms of industrial type. The purpose of the work was to study domestic and foreign advanced technologies of processing of non-food wastes of poultry products and production of high-protein feed additives and to consider the widespread introduction of the most effective ones in domestic manufacture on an industrial scale. The main wastes of processing of poultry products are gastrointestinal tract and its content, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, heads, legs, and other expired products, blood and, above all, feather raw materials, which totally constitute 20% of poultry weight. Recycling of meat and bone wastes from poultry slaughtering is carried out in horizontal vacuum boilers (so called Laps boilers), which are mainly used for animal origin wastes at sanitary-veterinary factories, united in association "Ukrvetsanzavod." The vacuum horizontal boiler for the production of fodder flour from animal raw materials wastes at the sanitary-veterinary utilization factories is a cylindrical metal frame located on stilts, which has a loading manhole and unloading pipes and on the outside of a cylindrical frame – a shell for heating of the frame with pipes for filing and withdrawal of the heat carrier and shaft, which is mounted along the length of the frame, with a mixer, fixed on the ends by bearings. Hot steam is the heat carrier for temperature processing of raw materials, which is supplied directly from the boiler room into the frame shell. In order to improve horizontal vacuum boiler for producing fodder flour from animal raw material wastes and to reduce its prime cost the special device was designed for its heating by using electricity. To do this on the outside of boiler (for its heating) there is a bullet made of the refractory material with three electric heaters, covered with a layer of insulation. In our country animal origin feed production has recently decreased, and the price of imported fodder is extremely high due to the reduction in livestock numbers and their processing. At the same time, Ukraine has gained intensive development of the poultry industry, particularly growing the broiler chickens and processing their meat at the large poultry farms of industrial type. Herewith, the substantial amount of non-food wastes from poultry products processing (gastrointestinal tract, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, dead poultry, blood, feather raw materials etc.) is not used for fodder purposes in many poultry farms. Furthermore, in order to get rid of wastes from poultry and livestock products processing, and instead of organizing high protein feed additives production from them, the technologies of destruction them by burning are developed, which can’t be considered reasonable solution to this problem. It is not only the reason of significant losses of valuable high-protein raw material for animal origin fodder, but also leads to environmental pollution. Therefore, in the conditions of a shortage of animal origin fodder, the use of non-food poultry products processing wastes is not only a great resource saving value, but simultaneously solves some environmental problems.

scholarly journals UKRAINE’S PLACE AND CHALLENGES IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PRODUCTION OF CHICKEN EGGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Svetlana Tereschenko ◽  
Elena Diachenko
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Poultry Farming

Research subject. This report examines the current situation in poultry egg sector development in countries of Eastern Europe, features and challenges for Ukrainian eggs sector. The aim of the work is to summarize theoretical and practical aspects of improving the economic efficiency of poultry industry enterprises, to analyse the current state of the organization of egg poultry production, to develop and substantiate general recommendations for improving the state of the poultry industry at specialized enterprises. The methodology of the study includes statistical methods and methods of economic and comparative analysis, etc. The article presents the results of research on the dynamics of poultry development in Eastern Europe and Ukraine in particular. The movement of poultry, the level of poultry production and the production of chicken eggs, consumption of poultry products are analysed. The functional and organizational structure of the poultry business in Ukraine is developed. The general structure of poultry production allocation is provided, which proves the formation of poultry farming as an industrial business and reduction in the share of poultry keeping in households due to the concentration of production in specialized enterprises. The main producers of poultry products in Ukraine are revised. The dynamics of sales prices for chicken eggs and main factors influencing its annual fluctuations are investigated. The export potential of poultry farming is analysed, as well as the main importer countries of Ukrainian poultry production. The issue of modern challenges and problem areas of production of the corresponding products is investigated, concerning less manoeuvrability of small poultry farms, their inability to influence the conjuncture of the poultry market. The main threats to the activities of enterprises are named, first of all, by external factors: the economic situation in the country, which affects purchasing power of buyers, the level of egg prices, increased competition from large enterprises and enterprises of EU member states, livestock diseases and the epidemiological situation in the country. The analysis of the possibilities of further development of poultry farms, taking into account the existing potential and modern poultry business problems, is carried out. The main directions for improving production with the aim of improving the efficiency of the poultry industry are determined: improving biotechnological processes, providing a set of measures improving poultry, compliance stocking density of birds in the poultry house, proper nutrition by scientifically grounded norms of consumption of nutrients and elements; improvement of methodological basis of state supervision over the quality and safety of food products and raw materials; creation of modern instrumental analytical framework and quality control and safety of food raw materials and foodstuffs, etc.

scholarly journals THE SAFETY OF PHOTOSENSITIZERS AS A PREVENTIVE DRUG FOR INDUSTRIAL POULTRY FARMING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7(71)) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
T. Gryazneva ◽  
V. Shlionskiy ◽  
A. Shlionskaya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Preventive Drug ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the work was to determine the safety of the use of photosensitizers as a preventive drug for industrial animals. In the theoretical part, the definition of photosensitizers was given with a description of the reactions in which they enter into biological systems, the purpose of the work and the tasks were formulated. In the practical part, the effectiveness of the Photoditazine photosensitizer was determined in order to maintain the well-being of the livestock of industrial birds and to obtain high-quality and safe poultry products. In vivo experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of photosensitizers as a preventive drug for production animals. Studies were also conducted to determine the safety of products obtained from experimental animals by feeding their meat to laboratory rats with further determination of their pancreatic elastase concentration by ELISA. For the experiments, non-linear white female rats were selected as the most adequate test object for rapid analysis of the safety of raw materials obtained after the use of photosensitizers.

scholarly journals Helminthic invasion in malaria patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
F. K. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Parasitic Worms

In the light of modern teachings, parasitic worms are considered not only as causative agents of helminthic diseases, very diverse in etiology and clinical course, but to a large extent also as the primary source of very frequent infectious diseases, as inoculators of microbial flora, as a factor that acts with its poisonous properties on the body, disrupting normal organ function and predisposing it to other diseases and to severe disease. With the development of most infectious diseases, the first role belongs to worms, and the second to bacteria; the course and death of the disease should be considered as the result of the combined destructive work of both. One should not be hypnotized by germs only (Cadeak).

scholarly journals Prevalence of the Main Mycotoxins in Fodder Raw Materials and Their Characteristic

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
E. Simonova ◽  
K. Kondrashkina ◽  
E. Rystsova ◽  
M. Bolshakova
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates

Mycotoxins are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. The most relevant groups of mycotoxins found in animal feed are produced by three genera of fungi: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species. Animal feeds are routinely contaminated by mycotoxins from diverse sources. In most cases, the concentrations are low enough to ensure compliance with Maximum Permitted Levels. Poultry, pigs and also aquatic vertebrates are very sensitive to mycotoxins. Ruminants are, however, generally more resistant to the adverse effects of mycotoxins, since the rumen microbiota is capable of degrading mycotoxins. Mycotoxins cause huge economic damage, leading to increased costs for health and veterinary care, as well as reduce livestock production. The effects of long-term exposure of aflatoxins are associated with the reduction of weight gain, decreased milk or egg production, teratogenicity. Ochratoxin A causes renal toxicity and possesses carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive and possibly neurotoxic properties. The main trichothecenes mycotoxins are T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol. Deoxynivalenol is primarily known for causing feed refusal, weight loss. It also causes lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, bloody diarrhea and severe dermatitis accompanied by hemorrhaging. Zearalenone and some of its metabolites, can competitively bind to oestrogen receptors leading to reproductive disorders and oestrogenic dysfunction, impairing fertility and increasing the frequency of stillbirths along with reducing sperm quality. Fumonisin causes carcinogenicity and cardiovascular toxic effects.

scholarly journals Contamination of hen manure with nine antibiotics in poultry farms in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-537
Author(s):  
L. V. Shevchenko ◽  
Y. V. Dobrozhan ◽  
V. M. Mykhalska ◽  
T. Y. Osipova ◽  
V. V. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Antibacterial Medication ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Tetracycline Group

The problem of processing, use and utilization of poultry manure contaminated with antibiotics remains unsolved not only Ukraine but around the world, and theatment and prevention of highly contagious infectious diseases among birds requires antibacterial medication use. By liquid chromatography, 293 hen manure samples of 12 Ukrainian industrial flocks of poultry farms were studied. The residual content of 9 antibiotics in the hen manure was found, including 38.2% of tetracycline preparations (doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline), fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin and norfloxacin) including combinations of incompatible tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, broad-spectrum penicillins (amoxicillin), fenicols (florfenicol), macrolides (tylosin) and one sulfanilamide preparation (sulfametazine). The most common antibiotics in hen manure of Ukrainian industrial flocks of poultry farms are the antibiotics of the tetracycline group, the main one being doxycycline. A high correlation was determined between the release of doxycycline with eggs and hen manure after the preparation was used perorally in preventive and therapeutic doses. Time of complete excretion of doxycycline from the hen body at the preventive dose (50 mg/L of water for 7 days) was 14 days for manure, 8 days for eggs, following its withdrawal, and at the therapeutic dose (100 mg/L of water for 7 days ) – 20 days for manure, and 9 days for eggs, following its withdrawal. The perspective of using the obtained data about the duration of excretion of doxycycline with hen manure consists in confirmation of the time of the antibiotic’s excretion with manure following its use for preventive or therapeutic purpose, which will help in controlling it as a source of environmental pollution. The time of doxycycline excretion from the body of hens with eggs and manure may be used practically by professionals in veterinary medicine in the case of prescribing or replacing antibiotics for treatment of infectious diseases of poultry to prevent the combination of incompatible preparations in the body and manure. The obtained experimental data may form the basis for the development of national regulations on the processing, usage and utilization of manure of hens under treatment with antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prospects of improving the competitiveness of poultry enterprises in the egg direction

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Olena DIACHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Poultry Farming

Poultry farming needs constant attention and analysis of trends under the influence of globalization changes. The aim of the work is to summarize the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the competitiveness and economic efficiency of poultry enterprises, to analyze the current state of the organization of chicken egg production, to develop and substantiate general recommendations for improving the state of poultry farming in specialized enterprises. The research methodology includes statistical methods and methods of economic and comparative analysis, etc. The article presents the results of research on the dynamics of poultry development in Ukraine, organizational structure of poultry farming, the general structure of distribution of egg production. Major poultry producers in Ukraine are under review. The main factors that influence the annual competitiveness of poultry enterprises are investigated. The export potential of poultry farming has been analyzed. The problems of modern problems and problematic directions of production of corresponding products concerning the smaller maneuverability of small poultry farms, their inability to influence the market conditions of the poultry breeding industry are investigated. The main threats to the activity of enterprises are determined, first of all, by external factors: the economic situation in the country, which affects the purchasing power of buyers, the level of prices for eggs, increased competition from large enterprises and enterprises of EU Member States, animal disease and the epidemiological situation in the country. Possibilities of further development of poultry farms were analyzed taking into account the existing potential and problems of modern poultry farming. The basic directions of improvement of competitiveness with the purpose of increase of efficiency of poultry farming are determined: improvement of biotechnological processes, improvement of methodological base of state supervision of quality and safety of foodstuff and raw materials; creation of up-to-date analytical frameworks and control of quality and safety of food raw materials and foodstuffs, etc.

Restoration of biochemical indicators and egg productivity when candidiasis of geese

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
R. T. Mannapova ◽  
R. R. Shaikhulov ◽  
A. G. Mannapov
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Candidiasis of the digestive tract causes huge economic damage to geese farming around the world. However, to date, there are no eff ective methods of prevention and treatment of avian candidiasis in Russia and abroad. Often candidiasis is not paid due attention. Many researchers study mainly mycotoxicoses caused by fungi of other genera: Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, etc. Recently, there has been a signifi cant expansion of candidiasis and their manifestation as an independent disease. The study of candidiasis of geese and especially candidiasis of the digestive tract is very timely, in demand and relevant. The purpose of the researches was to carry out the state of the biochemical status, balance of water-soluble vitamins in the liver, the infl uence of these changes on the indicators of egg productivity of geese against the background of candidiasis of the digestive tract and to develop an eff ective method of their prevention and treatment. We have found during the researches that against the background of candidiasis, the biochemical status of the body has been violated, avitaminoses develop, and egg production decreases. Traditional antibiotic therapy is not conducive to the recovery of the studied parameters. Enzyme therapy, as well as an enzyme drug with probiotic and propolis contribute to signifi cant biochemical changes in the body of birds and increase the level of water-soluble vitamins in the liver. Complete restoration of biological and productive indicators of geese against the background of candidiasis of the digestive tract is possible with complex therapy with a new microbial enzyme drug Lithicase with probiotic and propolis.

scholarly journals Hematological parameters in dry cows after immunization with a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Chernykh ◽  
V.V. Chekrysheva ◽  
A.A. Shevchenko ◽  
P.A. Krasochko ◽  
A.M. Misnik
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Polyvalent Vaccine ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Livestock Products

The article presents materials on the testing of a polyvalent vaccine. It was found that after double immunization of cattle with a polyvalent vaccine against infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza-3, rota-and coronavirus infection, no hematological changes in the body and violations of physiological functions were detected in the vaccinated animals. Animal husbandry is constantly developing. For the further development of this industry, new and old technologies of animal breeding are used in various cattle breeding enterprises. Livestock breeders are faced with various tasks to increase milk yields, weight gain in young animals, the safety of livestock, and the quality of livestock products. Given that cattle can get sick with various infectious and non-infectious diseases, this problem is very urgent. However, the tasks you can perform by providing cattle complete balanced feed for protein, vitamins, trace elements, introduction of new technologies in breeding, raising productivity and preservation of animals through the creation of improving the breed characteristics of the animal [1, 2, 3]. One of the main tasks facing the breeders is to increase milk yield in cows producing healthy calves, increase their viability, safety and weight gain in fattening [4, 5]. Numerous researchers have found that various infectious diseases in calves caused by pathogenic viruses and bacteria cause huge economic damage to animal husbandry. Infectious diseases are the most dangerous, as they cause mass diseases, deaths, negatively affect the health of animals, reduce the receipt of low-quality products from them. It is known from various literature sources that in case of violation of zoohygienic rules when keeping calves, in particular, crowding of animals, drafts, not timely cleaning of manure, cleaning of premises and feeders leads to the accumulation of various microorganisms in livestock premises, both viruses and bacteria. As a result, a significant accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms leads to the emergence of infectious diseases in calves [6,7, 9].

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