scholarly journals THE SAFETY OF PHOTOSENSITIZERS AS A PREVENTIVE DRUG FOR INDUSTRIAL POULTRY FARMING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7(71)) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
T. Gryazneva ◽  
V. Shlionskiy ◽  
A. Shlionskaya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
White Female ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Preventive Drug ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the work was to determine the safety of the use of photosensitizers as a preventive drug for industrial animals. In the theoretical part, the definition of photosensitizers was given with a description of the reactions in which they enter into biological systems, the purpose of the work and the tasks were formulated. In the practical part, the effectiveness of the Photoditazine photosensitizer was determined in order to maintain the well-being of the livestock of industrial birds and to obtain high-quality and safe poultry products. In vivo experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of photosensitizers as a preventive drug for production animals. Studies were also conducted to determine the safety of products obtained from experimental animals by feeding their meat to laboratory rats with further determination of their pancreatic elastase concentration by ELISA. For the experiments, non-linear white female rats were selected as the most adequate test object for rapid analysis of the safety of raw materials obtained after the use of photosensitizers.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN ON ITS HAEMOSTATIC ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Kadyseva ◽  
◽  
Vladimir N. Bykov ◽  
Olga Y. Strelova ◽  
Alexander N. Grebenyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Haemostatic Agents ◽  
Rigid Rod ◽  
Definition Of

Chitosan are biopolymers that are actively used for the production of local haemostatic agents. The physicochemical characteristics that determine its biological properties include the molecular weight and the deacetylation degree. However, there is no linear relationship between these parameters and haemostatic activity. The most reliable method of confirming the effectiveness is still in vivo experiments. The ability to initiate haemostasis depends on the conformational transition of chitosan macromolecules. The highest efficiency in vitro was for samples in which the transition of a significant part of the molecules from the ‘rigid rod’ state to the ‘globule’ occurred at physiological pH. It is proposed to expand the list of indicators of chitosan that can be controlled to evaluate the quality of raw materials, related to haemostatic activity, to include the definition of the conformational transition at physiological pH.

Extracts and Flavonoids of Passiflora Species as Promising Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Ożarowski ◽  
Tomasz M. Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Plant Substances

: There is increasing interest in evaluating anti-inflammatory activities of plant substances such as extracts and flavonoid rich fractions. A promising source of new medicinal drugs may be species from the Passifloraceae family. The most interesting group of principal chemical compounds in Passiflora species are polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids due to their antioxidant activity demonstrated in various studies (quercetin, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, and Cglycosylflavones i.e., vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin). However, each extracts from Passiflora spp. as multi-component mixtures should be estimated for chemical composition (in the standardization process) and their activity using in vitro and in vivo tests. The current standard for drug discovery and development from plants indicates that only collective assessment allows estimating plant substances by definition of the origin of raw materials and their quality, methods of extractions, and metabolite profiles. Increasingly, due to complex phytochemical procedures to obtain extracts, individual flavonoid compounds are also tested for anti-inflammatory action. However, it should be emphasized that various sources of potential new drugs from plant origin are not mutually exclusive, but are complementary. A review of bibliographic data includes the following information about Passiflora species, such as distribution, classification, phytochemical compounds, antiinflammatory activity of extracts, anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, and antioxidant potential. The review allows concluded that extracts and flavonoids (mainly quercetin, apigenin, and vitexin) from Passiflora spp. can be a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative medications for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, which occur with complex inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Animal Well-Being When Supplementing Drinking Water with Tramadol or Metamizole during Chronic Pancreatitis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2306
Author(s):  
Guanglin Tang ◽  
Wiebke-Felicitas Nierath ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Brigitte Vollmar ◽  
Dietmar Zechner
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Time Points ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
Burrowing Activity

Pain management during in vivo experiments is an animal welfare concern and is in many countries also legally required. In this study, we evaluated C57Bl/6J mice when 3 g/L metamizole or 1 g/L tramadol was provided via drinking water, before and during cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis. Supplementation of drinking water with metamizole or tramadol did not significantly reduce the amount of consumed water. In order to evaluate the wellbeing of mice, a distress score, burrowing activity, nesting behavior, and body weight was assessed. Before induction of pancreatitis, neither tramadol nor metamizole influenced these readout parameters. Chronic pancreatitis caused a significantly increased distress score, decreased burrowing activity and a reduction in body weight. Mice drinking tramadol-supplemented water experienced less loss in body weight and consumed more water than mice drinking metamizole, at a few time-points during chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic atrophy, a characteristic feature of chronic pancreatitis was not differentially influenced by either analgesic. In conclusion, both analgesics can be used during 33 days of chronic pancreatitis, but tramadol seems to be moderately advantageous when compared to metamizole.

scholarly journals From Cosmetics to Innovative Cosmeceuticals—Non-Woven Tissues as New Biodegradable Carriers

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Morganti ◽  
Gianluca Morganti ◽  
Alessandro Gagliardini ◽  
Alka Lohani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
New Class ◽  
Medicinal Value

Due to pollution and climate-change fear, further increased by the COVID19 pandemic, consumers are looking for body and mind health by the request of more effective and safe products, including the anti-aging skincare cosmeceuticals.. The term “cosmeceuticals” was coined in 1962 as a fusion of cosmetic and pharmaceutical to cover a new class of products able to achieve aesthetic and drug-like benefits. They not only improve the skin’s appearance, but also treat different dermatological conditions, through a physiological activity, shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. This new category of cosmetics should contain no recognized drugs, but nonetheless have medicinal value. Consumers, in fact, are looking for products able to regenerate the skin and maintain not only a youthful appearance together with well-ness and well-being, but preserving the environment also. Consequently, they are searching for cosmetics and food made with high-quality natural ingredients, packaged with biodegradable materials and realized by sustainable technologies, possibly at zero waste. Consumers, in fact, are afraid of the pollution and plastics invading lands and oceans, causing many frequent disasters on our planet. New and smart tissues and films, made by polysaccharides and natural active ingredients, are proposed as innovative cosmeceuticals. These non-woven tissues, embedded by micro/nano complexes of chitin and lignin encapsulating different active ingredients, could represent a new category of vehicles that are characterized for their high effectiveness and safeness. Moreover, they do not induce allergic nor sensitizing phenomena, being biodegradable; skin- and environmentally friendly; and free of preservatives, emulsifiers, colors, fragrances and any kind of chemicals. Last but not least, polysaccharides, chitin and lignin may be obtained from industrial and agro-forestry waste, safeguarding the natural raw materials for the future generations.

The Geometrical Arrangement of Knee Constraints That Makes Natural Motion Possible: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Conconi ◽  
Nicola Sancisi ◽  
Vincenzo Parenti-Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Helical Axis ◽  
Natural Motion ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resultant Forces ◽  
And Cartilage

The study of the knee natural motion, namely the unresisted motion that the knee exhibits in the absence of external loads, provides insights into the physiology of this articulation. The natural motion represents the baseline condition upon which deformations of its passive structures (i.e., ligaments and cartilage) take place when loads are applied. Moreover, during natural motion, the strain energy density stored within ligaments and cartilage is minimized. This reduces the chance of microdamage occurrences and the corresponding metabolic cost for tissue repairing. The study of the knee natural motion is thus fundamental in understanding the joint physiology. This paper shows that the line of action of resultant forces of all the knee constraints provided by the passive structures must intersect the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) to make the knee natural motion possible. In other words, the lines of action of all these constraints must cross the same line at each flexion angle to guarantee the natural motion of the joint. This geometrical property is first proven theoretically and then verified in four in vitro and one in vivo experiments. The geometrical characterization of the knee natural motion presented in this study provides a fundamental property that must be satisfied to allow the correct joint mobility. The knowledge of this property may thus allow the definition of better models, treatments, and devices.

scholarly journals Causative agents of campylo-bacteriosis of birds – etiological factors of toxicoinfections in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Sukhinin ◽  
T.N. Rozhdestvenskaya ◽  
S.V. Pankratov ◽  
L.I. Smirnova ◽  
S.A. Makavchik
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Causative Agents

This article is devoted to the problems of the emergence among the population of acute intestinal infectious diseases of a zoonotic nature caused by campylobacteriosis. According to WHO estimates, for many years the dominant cause in the development of acute intestinal infectious diseases in humans of a zoonotic nature is campylobacteriosis, which has recently surpassed salmonellosis in prevalence. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of agricultural, domestic and wild birds, animals and humans, caused by microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter, characterized by varying degrees of severity and polymorphism manifestations. Bacteria of the Campylobacter genus are ubiquitous in nature, they are present in the body of poultry and animals. The main reservoirs of Campylobacter are wild and domestic birds, primarily chickens. The high infection rate of C. jejuni of poultry flocks leads to more frequent detection of these bacteria in various types of poultry products. As a result, raw materials and poultry products are considered the main source of excretion and transmission factor of campylobacteriosis pathogens, posing the greatest risk to human health, since chicken meat and eggs occupy one of the dominant places in the population's diet. A high percentage of C. jejuni bacteria carriers among poultry, in case of violation of veterinary and sanitary measures in the farm and against the background of other latent infections, can cause significant economic damage to poultry farming due to a decrease in egg production, weight, mortality of poultry and an increase in the cost of health measures. Today, the system for controlling the spread of campylobacteriosis in poultry farms and at poultry processing enterprises is based on the use of general veterinary-zoo hygienic and antiepizootic measures, which does not always prevent infection of poultry, poultry products and, accordingly, people. In this regard, the development of a National Program for the Control of Campylobacteriosis in Poultry Farms of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the epidemiological well-being of the population is relevant.

Lactate stimulates progesterone secretion via an increase in cAMP production in exercised female rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. E910-E915 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Lu ◽  
C. P. Lau ◽  
Y. F. Tung ◽  
S. W. Huang ◽  
Y. H. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
The Right

The effect of exercise on the production of ovarian progesterone was examined in female rats. During in vivo experiments, diestrous rats were catheterized via the right jugular vein (RJV), and blood samples were collected before and after 10, 15, 30, and 60 min of swimming. In addition, blood samples were collected from the RJV before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after 10 min of infusion of lactate (13 mg.kg-1.min-1) through the left femoral vein. To explore if lactate modulates progesterone secretion by acting directly on rat ovary or on anterior pituitary gland (AP), an in vitro experiment that mimicked the in vivo condition was performed. The ovarian tissue was challenged with lactate (0.01-10 mM) or porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (1 microgram/ml) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (1 mM) for 60 min, and the AP was challenged with lactate ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM or 10 nM gonadotropin-releasing hormone for 30 min. The postexercise levels of plasma glucose, lactate, and progesterone at 10, 15, and 30 min were significantly higher than the corresponding basal levels. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) did not change after exercise. An elevation of plasma lactate and progesterone was found at 15 and 30 min subsequent to 10 min of infusion of lactate. Lactate ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM significantly increased ovarian adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and progesterone production in a dose-dependent manner. LH concentration in plasma was not changed subsequent to lactate infusion. LH level in media samples was not altered after incubation of AP with lactate. These results suggest that the increase of plasma progesterone level in rats during exercise is independent of LH secretion and at least in part is due directly to a stimulatory effect of lactate on the production of ovarian cAMP.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SEARCH FOR RESERVES OF DECREASING COSTS IN THE BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.

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