scholarly journals ADJECTIVE CLAUSES AND ADVERBIAL CLAUSES IN “THE SECRET GARDEN” BY FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Apen Sumardi ◽  
Mashadi Said
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Frances Hodgson Burnett ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Relative Pronouns

This research aims to analyze the adjective and adverbial clauses in “The Secret Garden” by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The method used in this research is a content analysis which is to describes the adjective clause and adverbial clause in the novel. Data are obtained, analyzed, and described based on the sentences in the novel. The relative pronoun's adjective shows the highest percentage of 130 or 86%, while relative adverbs show 22 or 14%. The adjective clause in relative pronouns shows the highest percentage caused by the complex sentences, mostly describing someone or things in most sentences in the novel. Meanwhile, adjective clause in time shows 154 or 63%, manner 46 or 19%, reason 35 or 14%, condition 6 or 2%, and concession 4 2%. Adverbial clause in time shows the highest percentage caused by most sentences tell about the time in almost every page.<p> </p>

Syntax from and for discourse II: More on complex sentences as meso-constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Hampe ◽  
Stefan Th. Gries
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

Abstract This paper presents a direct continuation of preceding corpus-linguistic research on complex sentence constructions with temporal adverbial clauses in a cognitive and usage-based framework (Diessel 2008; Hampe 2015). Working towards a more systematic construction-based account of complex sentences with before-, after-, until- and once-clauses in spontaneously spoken English, Hampe (2015) hypothesised that the morpho-syntactic realisations of configurations with initial adverbial clauses systematically diverge from those of configurations with final ones as a reflection of the specific functionality of each and that usage properties that are found across instantiations with a coherent functional load are retained in the schematisations creating constructions. This paper employs a multinomial regression in order to test to which extent each of eight closely related complex-sentence constructions with either initial or final before-, after-, until- and once-clauses can be predicted from the realisation of a few key morpho-syntactic properties of the respective adverbial and matrix clauses involved. The results support an analysis of complex-sentence constructions as meso-constructions that are not only specific about the subordinator and the positioning of the adverbial clause, but also retain “traces” of characteristic usage properties.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLEX SENTENCES USED IN SELECTED THAI POLITICAL NEWS IN ONLINE BANGKOK POST

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Janjira Kongsakorn ◽  
Prommintra Kongkaew
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Nominal Clause

The present work aimed to analyze complex sentences and study the types of the complex sentences as used in the selected Thai political news stories from online Bangkok Post. Four Thai political news stories were selected for the study. They were the news stories published in April 2016. The news stories were analyzed based on the following types: Adverbial clauses, relative clauses and nominal clauses. The study found that the complex sentence type which was used with the highest frequency was a nominal clause. It accounted for 44 %. The type of the complex sentence; which was ranked second in use was an adverbial clause. It accounted for 29%. The type of the complex sentences which was least used was a relative clause. It represents 27 %.

SIMBOLISASI DALAM NOVEL SANG ALKEMIS KARYA PAULO QUELHO

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Endang Maruti
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method

The research aims to uncover the symbols in the novel The Alchemist and to gain knowledge about the moral teachings in the symbol. This research is descriptive qualitative approach. Data sources in this study are words, phrases or sentences in the novel Alchemist. Data collection method is a literature study method with note taking technique. Data were analyzed using description and content analysis methods. The results showed that the novel The Alchemist contained many symbols. These symbols include: (1) wise parents, who symbolize both negative and positive things. From his appearance, parents can symbolize something bad, but behind his old age he symbolizes a knowledge that is very much and wise; (2) stones that symbolize something hard, not easily broken, and can provide clues to something; and (3) deserts or deserts which can be interpreted as symbols of drought, aridity, unattractiveness, emptiness, despair, determination for ignorance, and also as symbols of devotion.  

The Healing Magic of Joy: Understanding Magic as a Metaphor for Positive Emotion in The Secret Garden

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Margrete Lamond
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Content ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Biological Nature

Literary analysis tends to be conceptual and top-down driven. Data-driven analysis, although it belongs more to the domain of scientific method, can nevertheless sometimes reveal elements of narrative that conceptual readings may fall short of identifying. In critiques of Burnett's The Secret Garden, the children's return to health is generally understood to be the result of their interactions with nature. Some readings add the power of storytelling as a healing force in the novel. Burnett's concept of magic has tended to be treated with uneasy abstractions, and the influence of affect on health remains open for further investigation. This article bases its argument on data-driven analysis that charts how affective content in the novel occurs in conjunction with references to magic. It identifies the narrative significance of negative allusions to nature and how concepts of magic occur alongside representations of positive affect, and suggests that the magic of healing in The Secret Garden is not the transforming power of biological nature, nor the transforming power of storytelling, but the transforming power of surprise, wonder and happiness in conjunction with all these factors. Positive affect represents the essence of what Burnett means by magic.

Hubungan Intertekstual Novel Candra Kirana dan “Tjerita Panji Angreni”: Perspektif Riffaterre

ATAVISME ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rosyid H.W.
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The People

Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas hubungan intertekstual novel Candra Kirana karya Ajip Rosidi dengan "Tjerita Panji Angreni". Unsur apa saja dan bagaimana novel Candra Kirana memiliki hubungan intertekstual dengan "Tjerita Panji Angreni' sebagai teks hipogramnya adalah pertanyaan penelitian ini. Dalam menelaah hubungan intertekstual ini, penulis menggunakan teori intertekstual Michael Riffaterre yang menitikberatkan pada analisis isi dengan metode pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa novel Candra Kirana menunjukkan hubungan intertekstual dengan Tjerita Panji Angreni melalui unsur tema, citra tokoh, dan alur cerita. Meskipun demikian, novel Candra Kirana juga mentransformasikan makna-makna progresif yang berbeda dengan "Tjerita Panji Angreni", seperti makna nasionalisme yang berupa cinta akan kerajaan, makna kesetaraan gender yang berupa kesetiaan laki-laki, keberanian, kekuatan, perjuangan dan ketidakpasrahan perempuan, makna kerakyatan dengan pelibatan tokoh utama dari kalangan rakyat dan makna religiusitas yang berbentuk dasar niat Panji dalam mencari pasangan hidup.[Intertextuality on Novel Candra Kirana and "Tjerita Panji Angreni": Riffaterres Perspective] This research aims to discuss the intertextuality of Candra Kirana novel by Ajip Rosidi with "Tjerita Panji Angreni". What elements and to what extend Candra Kirana novel has an intertextual relationship with Tjerita Panji Angreni as the hipogram text were the questions of this research. In examining this intertextual relationship, the writer used Michael Riffaterre's intertextual theory which focused on content analysis with heuristic and hermeneutic readings. The findings of this study were that the novel Candra Kirana showed intertextuality with the "Tjerita Panji Angreni" through elements of themes, character images, and story lines. Even so, Candra Kirana's novel also transformed progressive meanings that differ from the Tjerita Panji Angreni such as the meaning of nationalism in the form of love for the kingdom, the meaning of gender equality in the form of male loyalty, courage, strength, struggle and women's insecurity, the meaning of populist with engagement the main character of the people and the meaning of religiosity in the form of Panji's intention in finding a life partner.Keywords: intertextuality; novel; "Tjerita Panji Angreni"

PENGAKUAN CALABAI: SEBUAH ANALISIS INTERTEKSTUAL NOVEL PASUNG JIWA KARYA OKKY MADASARI DAN NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Krisna Aji Kusuma ◽  
Herman J Waluyo ◽  
Nugraheni Eko Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p><em>This study aims to describe the intertextuality relationship between the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari and Calabai by Pepi Al-Bayqunie. The type of research is descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. Data are collected by inventorying events that are similarities and differences, specifications on the characters, settings, plots, and themes of both text. The research results indicate that there are similar themes on the two novels, the theme of self actualization in addition with the theme of family and friendship. The same characterization are also used by both author, masculine figures with feminine soul characters. The difference between the two novels lies on the plot and setting. Pasung Jiwa uses progressive plot and Calabai uses a flash-back plot.. Okky Madasari takes Java Island as the background in the novel Pasung Jiwa, while the novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie using the setting of Sulawesi Island. The basis of the similarity of theme and characterization supported by the similirity of events in the story shows the existence of intertextual relationship between the two novels. As a previously published work, the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari is a hipogram and novel Calabai by Pepi A-Bayqunie as a transformational text. On the theme and characterization, the transformation of Calabai forward the hypogram, while in the plot and setting deviates his hypogram, Pasung Jiwa.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan intertekstualitas antara novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan konten analisis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menginventariskan peristiwa yang merupakan persamaan dan perbedaan, spesifikasi pada tokoh, latar, alur, dan tema dari kedua teks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan tema pada kedua novel, yaitu tema aktualisasi diri, ditambah dengan tema keluarga dan persahabatan. Penokohan yang sama juga digunakan oleh kedua penulis, yaitu tokoh maskulin dengan karakter jiwa feminin. Perbedaan kedua novel terletak pada alur dan latar. Pasung Jiwa menggunakan alur maju dan Calabai menggunakan alur campuran. Latar dalam novel Pasung Jiwa, Okky Madasari mengambil latar Pulau Jawa, sedangkan novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie menggunakan latar Pulau Sulawesi. Dasar kesamaan tema dan penokohan didukung kesamaan peristiwa-peristiwa dalam cerita menunjukkan adanya hubungan intertekstual antara kedua novel. Sebagai karya yang terbit terlebih dahulu menjadikan novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari adalah hipogram dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie sebagai teks transformasi. Pada tema dan penokohan, transformasi Calabai meneruskan hipogram, sedangkan pada alur dan latar menyimpangi hipogramnya, Pasung Jiwa.</p>

Examining individual variation in learner production data: A few programmatic pointers for corpus-based analyses using the example of adverbial clause ordering

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Stefan Th. Gries ◽  
Stefanie Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
First Language ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

ABSTRACT This study examines the variable positioning of a finite adverbial subordinate clause and its main clause with the subordinate clause either preceding or following the main clause in native versus nonnative English. Specifically, we contrast causal, concessive, conditional, and temporal adverbial clauses produced by German and Chinese learners of English with those produced by native speakers. We examined 2,362 attestations from the Chinese and German subsections of the International Corpus of Learner English (Granger, Dagneaux, Meunier, & Paquot, 2009) and from the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (Granger, 1998). All instances were annotated for the ordering, the subordinate clause type, the lengths of the main and subordinate clauses, the first language of the speakers, the conjunction used, and the file it originated from (as a proxy for the speaker producing the sentence so as to be able to study individual and lexical variation). The results of a two-step regression modeling protocol suggest that learners behave most nativelike with causal clauses and struggle most with conditional and concessive clauses; in addition, learners make more non-nativelike choices when the main and subordinate clause are of about equal length.

Corpora and intuition: a study of Mandarin Chinese adverbial clauses and subjecthood

Corpora ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
May L-Y Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Linguistic Methods

This paper presents a corpus-based approach to investigating the distribution of adverbial clauses and their subjects (overt vs. non-overt) in spoken and written Mandarin Chinese. It argues that the choice of subject type is determined by three variables, namely, given-new information, semantic function of adverbial clause and text type. In written Chinese, the distribution of subject types varies across semantic classes of adverbial clauses, but not across text categories. The influence of semantic classes on the distribution of subject types, however, depends on text type. For the same semantic function, the decision as to whether to include a subject is governed by given and new information. In contrasting the distribution of subject types of adverbial clauses across speech and writing, it was found that both spoken and written Chinese use more overt subjects in clauses of reason. Methodologically, this study demonstrates how quantitative corpus-linguistic methods can be used to supplement introspective theoretical assumptions with authentic, observable evidence in order to gain better insights into the behaviour of adverbial clauses in speech and writing.

scholarly journals The understanding of complex syntax in children with Down syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Frizelle ◽  
Paul A. Thompson ◽  
Mihaela Duta ◽  
Dorothy V. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Complex Syntax ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Digit Recall

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with poor language skills that seem disproportionate to general nonverbal ability, but the nature and causes of this deficit are unclear. We assessed how individuals with DS understand complex linguistic constructions, and considered how cognitive ability and memory and impact the ability of those with DS to process these sentence types. Methods: There were three groups participating in the study: children with DS (n = 33) and two control groups composed of children with cognitive impairment of unknown aetiology (CI) (n = 32) and children with typical development (n = 33). The three groups did not differ on raw scores on a test of non-verbal cognitive ability. Using a newly devised animation task, we examined how well individuals with DS (n = 33) could understand relative clauses, complement clauses and adverbial clauses compared to children with CI and typically developing controls. Participants also completed the Test for the Reception of Grammar-2, three measures of memory (forward and backward digit recall, visuo-spatial memory) and a hearing screen. Results: Results indicated that (1) with the exception of intransitive subject relative clauses, children with DS performed at floor on all other complex sentences, (2) they performed at a significantly lower level than both control groups, and (3) DS status accounted for a significant proportion of the variance over and above memory skills. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that children with DS have a disproportionate difficulty understanding complex sentences compared to two control groups matched on mental age. Furthermore, their understanding of syntax is not completely explained by poor cognitive or memory skills, rather it appears to be a specific deficit that may distinguish children with DS from other neurodevelopmental disorders.

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