scholarly journals Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida): A high-value crop suitable for the cold desert of Himachal Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
Ruchi Sood
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
International Market ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Ferula Asafoetida

Asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) also known as heeng, Devil’s drug, ferula, food of Gods, incense of Devil, stinking gum is an important spice crop belonging to family Apiaceae. It is native to Iran and Afghanistan. Its dried latex (gum oleoresin) is generally used for flavouring curries, sauces, and pickles. Therapeutically, it stimulates the intestinal and respiratory tracts as well as the nervous system. It is beneficial in asthma, whooping cough, and chronic bronchitis. Its essential oil is also used in medicines, food and cosmetic industries. Besides, it is also used as an alternative for pesticides in organic farming. The major constituents of asafoetida are the resin (40–64%), gum (25%) and essential oil (10–17%). The butyl propenyl disulphide is responsible for the aroma of asafoetida. The asaresinotannol is the major constituent present in the resin. It can be grown on unproductive cold deserts of dry temperate areas of Himalayas. It is mainly propagated by seeds. The seeds are sown either in winters or spring. It becomes ready for harvesting after 5 years of planting and yields around 900g per plant. The oleo gum resin and essential oil derived from this plant are sold at premium prices in the international market. The small and marginal farmers of Kinnaur, Lahaul-Spiti and Chamba can benefit from this new emerging crop.

Chemical Composition and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of leaf essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianus Benth., and isolation of the major constituent of oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navadha Bhatt ◽  
Navabha Joshi ◽  
Kapil Ghai ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Total Oil

Background: The Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is one of the most diverse and widespread plant families’ in terms of ethno medicine and its medicinal value is based on the volatile oils concentration. This family is important for flavour, fragrance and medicinal properties. Manyplants belonging to this family have indigenous value. Method: The essential oil of Plectranthus gerardianusBenth. (Lamiaceae), was analysed by GC and GC-MS analysis, while the major component was isolated and conformed by NMR spectroscopy. Result: The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, which contribute around 62% of the total oil. The major components identified were fenchone (22.90%) and carvenone oxide (16.75%), besides other mono and sesquiterpenoids. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil was tested against three gram negative bacteria viz. Pasteurellamultocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, two gram positive bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two fungi viz. Candida albicans and Aspergillusflavus. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was also compared to the antimicrobial activity of leaf essential oil of another Himalayan plant viz. Nepetacoerulescens. Conclusion: The oil showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against all the microbial strains and can lessen the ever-growing demand of potentially hazardous antibiotics for treatment.

scholarly journals Myorelaxant Effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil on Sus scrofa domesticus Coronary Artery and Its Toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Luiz Jardelino de Lacerda Neto ◽  
Andreza Guedes Barbosa Ramos ◽  
Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luís Pereira-de-Morais ◽  
Fernanda Maria Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance, due to assessments evaluating the real need for their use and the development of legislation that regulates the subject. The principle of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement) has been an important reference, such that in vitro, ex vivo and cord replacement methods have achieved a prominent place in research. Methods: Therefore, due to successful results from studies developed with these methods, the present study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) using a Sus scrofa domesticus coronary artery model, and the toxicity of both the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil and its major constituent, α-terpinene, against Drosophila melanogaster in toxicity and negative geotaxis assays. Results: The EODa relaxed the smooth muscle of swine coronary arteries precontracted with K+ and 5-HT in assays using Sus scrofa domesticus coronary arteries. The toxicity results presented LC50 values of 1.546 mg/mL and 2.282 mg/mL for the EODa and α-terpinene, respectively, thus showing the EODa and α-terpinene presented toxicity to these dipterans, with the EODa being more toxic. Conclusions: Moreover, the results reveal the possibility of using the EODa in vascular disease studies since it promoted the relaxation of the Sus scrofa domesticus coronary smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of phytoconstituents of ethanolic root extract of Clitoria ternatea L. utilizing HR-LCMS analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K N Jiji ◽  
P Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Medicinal plants act as a vital source in improving health and overcoming the side effects of modern-day medicine. Many evidence-based reports are present in the literature about the benefits of medicinal plants. Clitoria ternatea L. belongs to the family Fabaceae and is known to be one of the important Ayurvedic medicinal plant whose uses are specified mainly for the modification of nervous system activities. ‘Medhyarasayana’ is one of the Ayurvedic formulations which is used to promote the intellectual capacity, revive the body and nervous tissue, Clitoria ternatea serves as a major constituent of ‘Medhyarasayana.’ Identification and characterization of active metabolites of C. ternatea will help to isolate the important phytoconstituents responsible for the central nervous system effects, isolated components can be utilized in future for the formulation of new medicine for various neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, the phytochemical evaluation of the ethanolic root extract of C. ternatea (EECT) was performed using the HR-LCMS technique. Preliminary qualitative phytoconstituents analysis showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, carbohydrate, protein, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the ethanolic root extract. Almost 42 compounds were identified when the EECT subjected to HR-LCMS analysis.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Essential Oil from Leaves of Apium graveolens Grown in Saudi Arabia

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7372
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Foudah ◽  
Mohammed H. Alqarni ◽  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Mohammad Ayman Salkini ◽  
Pravej Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this study was to explore the composition and evaluate the in silico and in vitro antioxidants and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Apium graveolens var. dulce leaves essential oil (AGO) collected from Al-Kharj (Saudi Arabia). AGO was isolated using the hydro-distillation method, and its composition was studied using gas-chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), antimicrobial activities using well diffusion assay, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using spectrophotometric methods. The pharmacological activities of their major compounds were predicted using PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) and drug-likening properties by ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) through web-based online tools. Isocnidilide (40.1%) was identified as the major constituent of AGO along with β-Selinene, Senkyunolide A, Phytyl acetate, and 3-Butylphthalide. AGO exhibited a superior antibacterial activity, and the strongest activity was detected against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. Additionally, it exhibited a weaker antioxidant potential and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. PASS prediction supported the pharmacological finding, whereas ADMET revealed the safety of AGO. The molecular docking of isocnidilide was carried out for antibacterial (DNA gyrase), antioxidant (tyrosinase), and anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2) activities. The docking simulation results were involved hydrophilic interactions and demonstrated high binding affinity of isocnidilide for anti-inflammatory protein (cycloxygenase-2). The presence of isocnidilide makes AGO a potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. AGO, and its major metabolite isocnidilide, may be a suitable candidate for the future drug development.

scholarly journals Hing (Ferula asafoetida). A Review Based Upon its Ayurvedic and Pharmacological Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailja Choudhary ◽  
Hemlata Kaurav ◽  
Gitika Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Analgesic Agent ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ferula Asafoetida

Ferula is considered as the third largest genus of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) which consists of 180-185 species. Asafoetida is defined as the oleo-resin gum extracted from the stem and rhizome of the Ferula asafetida plant. It is commonly called Hing or Devil's dung. It is a native species of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Ayurveda, it is described as an analgesic agent and is mentioned in Charak Samhita. It carries a strong, tenacious and sulfurous odor. It is also used as a spice or as a condiment in various cookeries as a flavor like in curries, fresh vegetables, meat, pickles and pulses. Asafetida is distinguished as asafetida hing (hing) and asafetida (hingra). Traditionally, the plant is used to treat diseases like whooping cough, asthma, bronchitis, epilepsy, ulcer, stomachache, flatulence, bronchitis, antispasmodic, intestinal parasites, influenza and weak digestion. The main active constituents present in the Ferula asafetida plant are resins, gums and essential oils. From the reported studies it was found that the plant possesses various therapeutic and pharmacological properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, hypertensive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and antiviral properties. In this review article, attempts have been made to describe the overall plant based on its modern and traditional view.

Essential oil of Citrus lumia Risso: Phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties and activity on the central nervous system

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Susanna Alloisio ◽  
Francesco Maria Raimondo ◽  
Marcella Denaro ◽  
Jianbo Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Analysis of plant diversity along an altitudinal gradient in Lippa- Asrang valley of cold desert in district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
R. Verma ◽  
K. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Herb Species

A study was conducted to understand the plant diversity along an altitudinal gradient with elevations varying from 2750 to 5000m above msl in Lippa – Asrang valley falling in cold desert area of Pooh sub division of district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh during 2007. The number of tree species at 2750-3200m and 3200-3650m elevations were 10 and 8 with the dominance of Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichian respectively. The number of shrub species were 19, 17, 7 and 3 in the elevations of 2750-3200m, 3200-3650m, 3650-4100m and 4100-4550m respectively. Juniperus communis taking shape of the dominant shrub at 2750-3200 m, 3200-3650 m and 3650-4100m elevations. Rhododendron anthopogon was the dominant shrub at 4100-4550m elevation range. The number of herb species were 76, 73, 46, 39 and 33 at 2750-3200m, 3200-3650m, 3650-4100m, 4100-4550m and 4550-5000m elevational ranges respectively. On the basis of importance value index (IVI), Artemisia brevifolia, Heracleum candicans, Thymus linearis, Bergenia stracheyi and Bistorta affinis were the dominant herbs dotting different elevational ranges and distribution pattern of plant species was mostly contiguous in all the altitudes. Index of diversity for herb species in different elevational ranges was 3.89, 3.82, 3.47, 3.21 and 2.95. Out of 78 medicinal plant species as recorded from the area, 20 species fall in the category of threatened plants. The better conservation of natural resources can be well achieved through promotion of community based conservation stressing in-situ conservation through the establishment of nature reserves and ex-situ conservation through tissue culture, developing cultivation technologies and nurseries of medicinal plants and conducting regular trainings on the procedure of medicinal plants collection, processing amongst the end users/ the local people, traders and real stake holders.

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