scholarly journals Quantification of the abundance and diversity of predatory spiders in rice ecosystem of Rajendranagar, Telangana, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
G. Anitha ◽  
J. Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Biological Process ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Guild Composition ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Searching Ability ◽  
Rice Ecosystem ◽  
Prey Searching

The effective prey searching ability and polyphagy of spiders makes them important predators of crop pests. 19 species of spiders have been recorded in rice ecosystem (Rajeswaran et al., 2005). There is now a growing need to conserve all species and not only the large vertebrates (Samways, 1990) and contribute to the natural biological process. However, literature pertaining to their abundance and diversity in rice crop in Rajendranagar area is scant. Hence, the p resent study was conducted to understand their abundance and diversity. Spider samples were collected from rice fields of Rajendranagar in kharif and rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. A total of 2,094 individuals collected in kharif represented eight families with a density of 12.48/sq.m. Members of Tetragnathidae were recorded most abundantly in kharif (46.32% of the Arachnid population) followed by Lycosids (26.22%). In rabi 1,095 spiders of seven families were collected with a density of 6.38/sq.m. Tetragnathidae andLycosidae were the most abundantly found species in rabi also comprising 27.85% and 26.12% of Arachnid population respectively. Study of guild composition was also carried out. A t-test between indices of richness, diversity, effective no.of species and species evenness of kharif and rabi seasons revealed that there were no significant differences with respect to these parameters (p>0.05) indicating that spider diversity of rice in Rajendranagar was more or less same between kharif and rabi seasons. This is the first study on the spider diversity of rice ecosystem of Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India.

scholarly journals Analisis Dampak Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Tersier Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Di Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
E Evariani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Breakeven Point

The function of the irrigation is very important in agriculture system. Irrigation is utilized by farmers particularly rice farmers to irrigate and maintain the adequacy of water in their rice fields. Since the first of the irrigation system has developed, the different in quality and system managements still, Aceh Besar regency has an area of 31,998.0 Ha of rice fields and the land that have irrigation scope are 20,275 Ha. With the irrigation rehabilitation programs becoming more eficient in rice production and farmer’s income are increasing therefore the researce on the analysis of impact the rehabilitation of tertier irrigation on farmer’s income and an analysis of the breakeven point (BEP) in Aceh Besar regency conducted. This research was conducted with a purposive sampling method (deliberately) based on the consideration of farmers around the location of the study received support rehabilitation of irrigation tertiary fund budget for fiscal year 2016 for data analysis using quantitative approaches such as analysis of t test, R / C ratio and analysis of breakeven point.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN TARGET DI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU HOGOW DAN PUTUS-PUTUS SULAWESI UTARA

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unstain NWJ Rembet ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Dietriech G Bengen ◽  
Achmad Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

ABSTRACTCommunity structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.

scholarly journals Analysis of Efficiency of Use of Factors Production Rice Farming Polluted and Unpolluted By Slaughterhouses Waste In Penggaron Kidul Semarang

HABITAT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Ashilah Lubis ◽  
Bambang Setiawan ◽  
Edy Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Method Analysis

Penggaron Kidul is a village in Pedurungan that owns rice fields located around Slaughterhouse (RPH). It causes the rice fields polluted by waste and makes the rice productivity is not optimal. This research aimed to analyze the production factors that affected the amount of rice production, the use of production factors level, and the economic efficiency differences in the use of production factors in polluted and unpolluted fields. The survey method was employed in this research by interviewing the members of Dharma Tani Farmers using a questionnaire. The sampling method used was proportionate stratified random sampling used two populations with 80 people. The number of samples was 66 respondents categorized into 33 farmers (landowners of polluted fields) and 33 farmers (landowners of unpolluted fields). The data analysis conducted using a linear regression analysis method, analysis of Independent Sample T-test, and analysis of technical and economic efficiency then tested using analysis One Sample T-test. The result showed that the use of the land area, labor, and dummy variable of location significantly affected the amount of rice production while the factors of seed, fertilizer, and pesticides did not significantly affect the amount of rice production. The production factors of fertilizer and labor in polluted land had no different from unpolluted fields while the factors of seed and pesticides in polluted fields were different from unpolluted fields. Meanwhile, the production factors of seeds and pesticides in polluted fields were greater than in unpolluted fields. The use of production factors of land area, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and labor was technically and economically inefficient. The efficiency economic of production factors in polluted fields is different from unpolluted fields which unpolluted fields are more efficient than polluted fields.

scholarly journals Pesticides Decrease Bacterial Diversity and Abundance of Irrigated Rice Fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Onwona-Kwakye ◽  
Kimberly Plants-Paris ◽  
Kadiatou Keita ◽  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Paul J. Van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Bacteria play an important role in soil ecosystems and their activities are crucial in nutrient composition and recycling. Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to control pests and improve yield. However, increased use of pesticides on agricultural lands results in soil contamination, which could have adverse effect on its bacterial communities. Here, we investigated the effect of pesticides commonly used on irrigated rice fields on bacterial abundance and diversity. Irrigated soil samples collected from unexposed, pesticide-exposed, and residual exposure areas were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. DNA was extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed overall decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity in areas exposed to pesticides. Operational taxonomic units of the genera Enterobacter, Aeromonas, Comamonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bordetella, and Staphylococcus decreased in areas exposed to pesticides. Conversely, Domibacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus increased in abundance in pesticide-exposed areas. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices and canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated a decrease in bacterial diversity and composition in areas exposed to pesticides. These results suggest bacteria genera unaffected by pesticides that could be further evaluated to identify species for bioremediation. Moreover, there is a need for alternative ways of improving agricultural productivity and to educate farmers to adopt innovative integrated pest management strategies to reduce deleterious impacts of pesticides on soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Website Informasi Hama Wereng

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Budiman ◽  
Pradityo Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Computer Device

In Indonesia, rice is still an essential commodity. Besides as a crop producing staple food for rice, also as a source of eyes the primary search for farmers. Problems that are often experienced by farmers are the threat of pest attacks. If not handled quickly and correctly suffered a massive loss, it can even cause a failed harvest finally harming farmers. In Madiun Regency, the total rice fields are planted hopper infestation before the 2017 rainy season harvest reaching 223 hectares covering Pilangkenceng Subdistrict, Wonoasri, Balerejo, Sawahan, Mejayan, Saradan, and Wungu. So far to suppress attacks Planthopper pests, farmers, give stimulant pesticides to plants that if Improper handling will interfere with health. The best solution is to recognize the initial attack of pests so that the level of attack on plants can be minimized. The limited knowledge and skills of partner farmers in identifying their paddy plants early makes farmers prefer the fast way by spraying pesticides. This Community Service aims to motivate farmers to avoid using pesticides by providing quick and easy and attractive solutions in early detection rice crop pests. To facilitate farmers in detecting pest attacks, a website was developed which contained information about planthopper pest attacks and how to overcome them by using biological agents. Website developed can be used by farmers by accessing it through a browser on a computer device or smartphone device.Keywords : Website, Pest, Rice, Farmers. 

scholarly journals Insect Biodiversity in Organic and Non-Organic Rice Ecosystem in The District of Bantul

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Eka Armi Ovawanda ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Rice Ecosystem ◽  
Planting Season

Measuring biodiversity of insects is an essential part in management concept of insect pest populations based on ecology. This study examined the index of insect biodiversity by measuring species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity in organic and non-organic rice farming ecosystem. The sampling was conducted during the planting season of April–May 2015 and October–November 2015 at 44, 52 and 66 days after rice transplanting (DAT). High number of species richness (7 to 13 species) was found in the non-organic rice field (April–May 2015). In contrast, high number of species richness (22 to 33 species) was found in the organic rice field (October–November 2015). The species evenness and heterogeneity in the organic farming were generally higher than these in the non-organic rice in the both of planting season April–May 2015 and October–November 2015. Overall, the organic rice farming ecosystem can increase species richness, species evenness and heterogeneity of insect. INTISARI Mengukur biodiversitas serangga adalah salah satu bagian penting dalam konsep pengelolaan populasi serangga hama berbasis ekologi. Penelitian ini mengkaji indeks biodiversitas serangga dengan mengukur kekayaan spesies (species richness), kemerataan spesies (species evenness), dan keanekaragaman/kelimpahan spesies (heterogenity) pada sistem budidaya padi organik dan non-organik. Pengambilan sampel diperoleh pada saat musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan musim tanam Oktober–November 2015 di 44, 52, dan 66 hari setelah tanam. Total kekayaan spesies tertinggi (7–13 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi non-organik (April–Mei 2015). Sebaliknya, total kekayaan spesies (22–33 spesies) ditemukan di lahan padi organik (Oktober–November 2015). Kemerataan spesies dan heterogenitas di lahan padi organik secara umum lebih tinggi dibanding di padi non-organik pada kedua musim tanam April–Mei 2015 dan Oktober–November 2015. Secara keseluruhan, sistem budidaya di ekosistem padi organik dapat meningkatkan kekayaan spesies, kemerataan spesies, dan heterogenitas serangga.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Plankton pada Kolam Bioflok

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Yulan Hardias Putri ◽  
Hari Santoso ◽  
Ahmad Syauqi
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Aquatic fertility in biofloc ponds is very dependent on the presence of plankton, an organism that lives floating in aquatic ponds and plays an important role as a source of natural food. This research aim to analyze the abundance and diversity of plankton in biofloc pools fed with probiotics. This study uses survey methods in the form of observations, measurement of water parameters, plankton sampling in biofloc ponds that have been given probiotic treatment at a dose that has been determined by the farmer at a depth of 1m biofloc pool with a diameter of 2m. The statistical analyzed used is the T test to diversity differences in plankton abundance between morning, afternoon and evening. The results obtained as many as 10 genus of phytoplankton and 26 genus of phytoplankton, namely Class 6 Cyanophyceae genus including Synechococcus, Oscilatoria, Choococcus, Spirulina, Microcystis, Scytonema. Chlorophyceae class 6 genus namely Haematococcus, Chlorella, Stigeoclonium, Calodophora, Tetraedon, Pyrobotrys. Bacillariophyceae class 5 genus namely Navicula, Eunotia, Cartuicula, Melosira, Rhaicosphera. Class Trebouxiophyceae 2 genus namely Botryococcus, Dictyosphaerium. The genus Euglenoidea 1 is Euglena. Cryptophyceae class 1 genus is Rhodomonas. Class Charophyceae 2 genus Mougeotia and Cryptomonas. The Zygnematophyceae class contains the Closterium genus. The Cyanophyta class contains the Anacystis genus. The Chrysophyceae class contains Dinobryon genus. From the identification results found Zooplankton with 3 classes and 3 genus namely Branchiopoda class, namely the Holopedium genus. The Maxillopoda class is the Copepoda genus. The Monogononta class is the Ascomorpha genus. The statistical test results showed that the diversity in each test was significantly different. Keywords: Plankton, Probiotics, Biofloc ABSTRAK Kesuburan perairan di kolam bioflok sangat tergantung pada keberadaan plankton yang merupakan organisme yang hidup melayang di kolam perairan dan berperan penting sebagai sumber pakan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kelimpahan dan keragaman plankton di kolam bioflok yang diberi probiotik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei berupa pengamatan, pengukuran parameter air, pengambilan sampel plankton pada kolam bioflok yang sudah di beri perlakuan probiotik dengan dosis yang telah di tentukan oleh petani tambak pada kedalaman kolam bioflok 1m dengan diameter 2m. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji-T untuk mengetahui perbedaan keanekaragaman plankton antara pagi, siang dan sore hari. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan fitoplankton sebanyak 10 kelas dan 26 genus fitoplankton, yaitu Kelas Cyanophyceae 6 genus meliputi Synechococcus, Oscilatoria, Choococcus, Spirulina, Microcystis, Scytonema. Kelas Chlorophyceae 6 genus yaitu Haematococcus, Chlorella, Stigeoclonium, Calodophora, Tetraedon, Pyrobotrys. Kelas Bacillariophyceae 5 genus yaitu Navicula, Eunotia, Cartuicula, Melosira, Rhaicosphera. Kelas Trebouxiophyceae 2 genus yaitu Botryococcus, Dictyosphaerium. Kelas Euglenoidea 1 genus yaitu Euglena. Kelas Cryptophyceae 1 genus yaitu Rhodomonas. Kelas Charophyceae 2 genus Mougeotia dan Cryptomonas. Kelas Zygnematophyceae terdapat genus Closterium. Kelas Cyanophyta terdapat genus Anacystis. Kelas Chrysophyceae terdapat genus Dinobryon. Dari hasil identifikasi ditemukan Zooplankton dengan 3 kelas dan 3 genus yaitu kelas Branchiopoda yaitu genus Holopedium. Kelas Maxillopoda yaitu genus Copepoda. Kelas Monogononta yaitu genus Ascomorpha. Hasil uji statistika menujukan keragaman plankton pada setiap ulangan berbeda nyata. Kata Kunci: Plankton, Probiotik, Bioflok

Seasonal abundance and diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in rice ecosystem of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Chhavi ◽  
Pawan K Sharma ◽  
Dhruba Chandra Dhali
Keyword(s):  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Population Trend ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Rice Ecosystem ◽  
Sweep Net ◽  
Unknown Male

Spiders are one of the most fascinating and diverse invertebrates and also potential bio-control agents in agro-ecosystems. Field surveys were carried out at Sundernagar, Jogindernagar, Nurpur and Palampur areas of Himachal Pradesh by two methods namely visual count and sweep net to assess seasonal abundance and diversity of spider, in the rice ecosystems during kharif, 2015 and 2016. It was found that the population trend was well represented by visual count method as compared to sweep net method. Maximum numbers of spiders were recorded from Palampur area followed by Sundernagar, Jogindernagar and Nurpur. Eleven families viz., Oxyopidae, Tetragnathidae, Salticidae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Araneidae, Theridiidae, Clubionidae, Sparassidae, Thomisidae and Pholcidae were recorded from the fields with majority belonging to Araneidae and Tetragnathidae. The pre-dominant spider genus from all the locations were Tetragnatha and Neoscona while Araneus pseudosturmii and Runcinia ghorpadei Tikader were confined only to Nurpur and Sundernagar, respectively. A. pseudosturmii and Micropholcus fauroti Simon seem to be the first records from India while R. ghorpadei to be the hitherto unknown male morph.

ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF ADULT CARABIDAE IN FOUR SOYBEAN CROPPING SYSTEMS IN VIRGINIA

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Ferguson ◽  
R. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Dominance Indices

Carabidae (Coleoptera) were monitored from pitfall trap catches in four soybean cropping systems in Westmoreland Co., Virginia during the summer of 1982. Harpalus pensylvanicus DeGeer, Poecilus chalcites Say, Amara spp., and Agonum octopunctatum Fabricius were the most commonly encountered among the 39 species collected. These four species were more abundant in drill-planted and double-cropped soybean fields which were conservation tillage systems as compared to conventionally plowed fields. Significantly more species per field and more carabids per trap were found during June than in later summer months. The Shannon-Weaver diversity and Berger-Parker dominance indices showed no significant differences in species diversity among the cropping systems. The total number of carabids present in soybeans is more important in comparisons than either species number of species evenness.

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