Public School Teacher Contracts and State-Level Reforms: Assessing Changes to Collective Bargaining Restrictiveness Across Three States

2021 ◽  
pp. 000283122110489
Author(s):  
Katharine O. Strunk ◽  
Joshua Cowen ◽  
Dan Goldhaber ◽  
Bradley D. Marianno ◽  
Roddy Theobald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
Teacher Contracts

In many school districts, the policies that regulate teaching personnel are governed by collective bargaining agreements (CBAs). While there is significant policy attention that has affected the scope of these agreements, there is relatively little research on how CBAs vary over time, or whether they change in response to states’ legislative reforms. Using a panel data set of over 1,200 CBAs across three states, we compare CBA change before and after reforms in two states (Michigan and Washington) relative to a state with no statutory changes (California). We show that the state policy reforms lessened the restrictiveness of CBAs, as intended. The results suggest when reforms limit bargaining negotiations, unions are unable to compensate for the substantial reductions in working conditions.

Bargaining and the Determinants of Teacher Salaries

ILR Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Easton
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Teacher Salaries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ability And Willingness

This study examines the impact of collective bargaining on salary setting in public school districts. Using a 1969–82 sample of Oregon school districts, the author focuses particularly on the roles of two factors before and after the introduction of collective bargaining: salary comparisons between school districts and school districts' ability and willingness to pay for education. No evidence is found that ability and willingness to pay influenced salary setting either before or after collective bargaining began, suggesting that bargaining does not serve to widen the gap in educational opportunity between wealthy and poor districts. On the other hand, inter-district salary comparisons significantly influenced salary setting throughout the period, but bargaining had little effect on the influence of that factor.

Teachers Unions and Dual Enrollment Policy in Collective Bargaining Agreements

2021 ◽  
pp. 089590482110156
Author(s):  
Dustin D. Hornbeck
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Dual Enrollment ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Bargaining Unit ◽  
Teachers Unions ◽  
Monetary Compensation

This study explores how teachers’ unions are responding to the growing policy of dual enrollment (DE). I reviewed all available collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) of public schools in Ohio, using qualitative content analysis to look for ways that CBAs are addressing DE policy. Analysis revealed four themes. The first theme suggests that teachers’ unions are incrementally bargaining provisions addressing DE into their CBAs. Of the 586 CBAs analyzed, 160 included provisions regarding DE. The three remaining themes centered around working conditions for teachers, including provisions related to monetary compensation, existential protection of bargaining unit members, and the protection of teacher time. Additionally, district typography was explored, revealing that wealthier/smaller school districts have bargained more teacher protections for DE than larger districts with less wealth. This study provides information about what might be of interest to teachers and policymakers when reforming DE policy.

Extending the Work of Cowen and Fowles: A Historical Analysis of Kentucky Teacher Contracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kyle Ingle ◽  
R. Aaron Wisman
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
Teacher Assignment ◽  
Teacher Contracts ◽  
Over Time

We extend the work of Cowen and Fowles by examining contracts in Kentucky school districts with collective bargaining. Using document analysis, we sought to answer the following research question: Do key provisions of teacher contracts change over time? We also examine the most recently negotiated contract in Louisville schools (2013-2018). We find that it is far more likely for the provisions to remain substantively unchanged across Kentucky school districts, with some districts more active in negotiating substantive change than others. We find that teacher seniority rights generally diminished in teacher assignment and transfer provisions, except in reduction in force decisions.

Why Take Over?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo Morel
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Local School ◽  
Data Set ◽  
State Takeovers

Why do states take over local school districts? Additionally, why are Republicans—usually the champions of local control and decentralization—leading the efforts to take over local school districts? Finally, why do state takeovers disproportionally affect black communities? Relying on historical analysis and an original data set of nearly 1,000 school districts, the chapter argues that although concerns about academic performance are the main public justification for a state takeover, politics was a major factor in the emergence of state takeovers. Since school politics was a source of political mobilization for black communities, it became a central point of contention between conservatives at the state level and black political leadership at the local level. The conservative response was to promote a conservative education logic that has professed a concern with the education of black students and other students of color while investing in the political failure of their communities.

Dynamic Relationship between Crude Oil and Stock Prices in India: Before And After the Subprime Financial Crisis 2008

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
P. Sakthivel ◽  
S. Rajaswaminathan ◽  
R. Renuka ◽  
N. R.Vembu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Energy Index ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After

This paper empirically discovered the inter-linkages between stock and crude oil prices before and after the subprime financial crisis 2008 by using Johansan co-integration and Granger causality techniques to explore both long and short- run relationships.  The whole data set of Nifty index, Nifty energy index, BSE Sensex, BSE energy index and oil prices are divided into two periods; before crisis (from February 15, 2005 to December31, 2007) and after crisis (from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018) are collected and analyzed. The results discovered that there is one-way causal relationship from crude oil prices to Nifty index, Nifty energy index, BSE Sensex and BSE energy index but not other way around in both periods. However, a bidirectional causality relationship between BSE Energy index and crude oil prices during post subprime financial crisis 2008. The co-integration results suggested that the absence of long run relationship between crude oil prices and market indices of BSE Sensex, BSE energy index, Nifty index and Nifty energy index before and after subprime financial crisis 2008.

IMPROVEMENT LAYOUT AND ELEMENTS WORK IN ERGONOMIC ASPECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Beci Sariani ◽  
Meizul Zuki ◽  
Yusril Dany
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Right And Left Hand

The purpose of this study is to describe layout and elements of the movement labor, determine cake making job completion time before and after repair, complaints of pain workers and recomendation improved layout and elements work in ergonomic aspects. Layout and elements of the cake making job is less visible than ergonomic working conditions with temperatures as high as 290C and 300C, total distance moving much material for the production namely 2407 cm, manufacture molen 180 cm, 2926 cm baking and packaging 626 cm. Percentage of use right and left hand at creation pia cake is 50.11% and 54.4%. Making molen is 100% and 76.69%. Pia cake making is 12.76% and 12.21%. Packaging is 100% and 84.8%. Cycle time, normal time and standard time of content creation, namely 17004.15, 18.534.52 and 25.577.64 seconds (2 basins). Making molen is 560.23, 616.25 and 751.82 seconds (1 basin). Pia cake making is 1.165,45, 1314.63 and 1.603,85 seconds (2 trays), and packaging is 15,40, 16,79 and 23.17 seconds (2 pack). The application of ergonomics : 8 types of grievances felt a bit sick and 1 type of grievances felt sick. Station molen manufacture, workers felt no pain. Baking station pia (sub-stations) only complaint molen rolling on his back felt a little sore. Sub-station charging only 3 workers who feel a little pain complaints and pain. In the sub-station : 6 types pengovenan grievances felt a little sick. The packing station after repairs only felt a little pain in the waist

Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level and in places with longer histories as migrant-sending places. Furthermore, the results suggest that political factors are at play, as projects have disproportionately benefited states and municipalities where the PAN had a stronger presence, with fewer occurring elsewhere.

scholarly journals Visual Analysis of Biomarkers Reveals Differences in Lipid Profiles and Liver Enzymes before and after Gastric Sleeve and Bypass

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marijn Marthe Georgine van Berckel ◽  
Saskia L.M. van Loon ◽  
Arjen-Kars Boer ◽  
Volkher Scharnhorst ◽  
Simon W. Nienhuijs
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Health State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Before And After

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Bariatric surgery results in both intentional and unintentional metabolic changes. In a high-volume bariatric center, extensive laboratory panels are used to monitor these changes pre- and postoperatively. Consecutive measurements of relevant biochemical markers allow exploration of the health state of bariatric patients and comparison of different patient groups. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study is to compare biomarker distributions over time between 2 common bariatric procedures, i.e., sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (RYGB), using visual analytics. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Both pre- and postsurgical (6, 12, and 24 months) data of all patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery were collected retrospectively. The distribution and evolution of different biochemical markers were compared before and after surgery using asymmetric beanplots in order to evaluate the effect of primary SG and RYGB. A beanplot is an alternative to the boxplot that allows an easy and thorough visual comparison of univariate data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 1,237 patients (659 SG and 578 RYGB) were included. The sleeve and bypass groups were comparable in terms of age and the prevalence of comorbidities. The mean presurgical BMI and the percentage of males were higher in the sleeve group. The effect of surgery on lowering of glycated hemoglobin was similar for both surgery types. After RYGB surgery, the decrease in the cholesterol concentration was larger than after SG. The enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphate in sleeve patients was higher presurgically but lower postsurgically compared to bypass values. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Beanplots allow intuitive visualization of population distributions. Analysis of this large population-based data set using beanplots suggests comparable efficacies of both types of surgery in reducing diabetes. RYGB surgery reduced dyslipidemia more effectively than SG. The trend toward a larger decrease in liver enzyme activities following SG is a subject for further investigation.

352 Feasibility of Hypnosis as Adjunctive Treatment for Subjective Sleep Disturbance: A Pilot Study and Proof of Concept

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A140-A141
Author(s):  
Emma Zhao ◽  
Afik Faerman ◽  
David Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Introduction Hypnosis-based interventions have been shown to have a positive impact on several dimensions of sleep health. However, current evidence is limited as only a paucity of studies included populations with sleep complaints. Here we present a pilot data set to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a hypnosis-based adjunctive treatment for subjective sleep complaints. Methods Eleven adults (42% female; mean age 45±16.87 years) who sought treatment at the Stanford Sleep Medicine Center or Center for Integrative Medicine for subjective sleep complaints received hypnosis as adjunctive treatment. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess the weekly frequency of subjective sleep disturbances experienced before and after treatment, as well as 5-point Likert scale ratings of perceived qualitative improvement in symptom severity and overall sleep quality. Results Five participants (45%) reported a reduction in symptom frequency and severity after hypnosis treatment. All five participants attributed at least some of the improvement to hypnosis treatment. Most participants (63%) observed post-treatment improvements in their overall sleep quality. No participants reported adverse effects of hypnosis. Conclusion Results suggest hypnosis-based adjunctive treatment may be effective for alleviating subjective sleep disturbances. The findings serve as preliminary support for further randomly controlled trials in larger samples. Support (if any):

scholarly journals On the Spectral and Polarimetric Signatures of a Bright Scatterer before and after Hardware Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Marco Gabella
Keyword(s):  
Low Noise ◽  
Low Noise Amplifiers ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radar Calibration ◽  
Small Dispersion

A previous study has used the stable and peculiar echoes backscattered by a single “bright scatterer” (BS) during five winter days to characterize the hardware of C-band, the dual-polarization radar located at Monte Lema (1625 m altitude) in Southern Switzerland. The BS is the 90 m tall metallic tower on Cimetta (1633 m altitude, 18 km range). In this note, the statistics of the echoes from the BS were derived from other ten dry days with normal propagation conditions in winter 2015 and January 2019. The study confirms that spectral signatures, such as spectrum width, wideband noise and Doppler velocity, were persistently stable. Regarding the polarimetric signatures, the large values (with small dispersion) of the copolar correlation coefficient between horizontal and vertical polarization were also confirmed: the average value was 0.9961 (0.9982) in winter 2015 (January 2019); the daily standard deviations were very small, ranging from 0.0007 to 0.0030. The dispersion of the differential phase shift was also confirmed to be quite small: the daily standard deviation ranged from a minimum of 2.5° to a maximum of 5.3°. Radar reflectivities in both polarizations were typically around 80 dBz and were confirmed to be among the largest values observed in the surveillance volume of the Monte Lema radar. Finally, another recent 5-day data set from January 2020 was analyzed after the replacement of the radar calibration unit that includes low noise amplifiers: these five days show poorer characteristics of the polarimetric signatures and a few outliers affecting the spectral signatures. It was shown that the “historical” polarimetric and spectral signatures of a bright scatterer could represent a benchmark for an in-depth comparison after hardware replacements.

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