Learning From the Past to Chart New Directions in the Study of School District Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
pp. 11-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

scholarly journals Current challenges in modelling vibrational fatigue and fracture of structures: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khangamlung Kamei ◽  
Muhammad A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Stochastic Response ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture

AbstractFatigue damage is a concern in the engineering applications particularly for metal structures. The design phase of a structure considers factors that can prevent or delay the fatigue and fracture failures and increase its working life. This paper compiled some of the past efforts to share the modelling challenges. It provides an overview on the existing research complexities in the area of fatigue and fracture modelling. This paper reviews the previous research work under five prominent challenges: assessing fatigue damage accurately under the vibration-based loads, complications in fatigue and fracture life estimation, intricacy in fatigue crack propagation, quantification of cracks and stochastic response of structure under thermal environment. In the conclusion, the authors have suggested new directions of work that still require comprehensive research efforts to bridge the existing gap in the current academic domain due to the highlighted challenges.

scholarly journals Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Ban Qi Tay ◽  
Quentin Wright ◽  
Rahul Ladwa ◽  
Christopher Perry ◽  
Graham Leggatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Target Characteristics ◽  
Toxic Responses ◽  
Shed Light

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.

OXYCHALCOGENIDES AS NEW EFFICIENT p-TYPE THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 1340007 ◽  
Author(s):  
CELINE BARRETEAU ◽  
LIN PAN ◽  
YAN-LING PEI ◽  
LI-DONG ZHAO ◽  
DAVID BERARDAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Thermoelectric Figure ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
P Type

During the past two years, we have underlined the great potential of p-type oxychalcogenides, with parent compound BiCuSeO , for thermoelectric applications in the medium temperature range (400–650°C). These materials, which do not contain lead and are less expensive than Te containing materials, exhibit large thermoelectric figure of merit, exceeding 1 in a wide temperature range, mainly due to an intrinsically very low thermal conductivity. This paper summarizes the main chemical and crystallographic features of this system, as well as the thermoelectric properties. It also gives new directions to improve these properties, and discuss the potential of these materials for wide scale applications in thermoelectric conversion system in the medium temperature range.

Science and Medicine in Imperial China—The State of the Field

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Sivin
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Past Half

Sinology and the history of science have changed practically beyond recognition in the past half-century. Both have become academic specialisms, with their own departments, journals, and professional societies. Both have moved off in new directions, drawing on the tools and insights of several disciplines. Although some sinologists still honor no ambition beyond explicating primary texts, on many of the field's frontiers philology is no more than a tool. Similarly, many technical historians now explore issues for which anthropology or systems analysis is as indispensable as traditional historiography.

scholarly journals NEW DIRECTIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES (DYNAMICS OF THE LAST FIVE YEARS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Татьяна Масловская ◽  
Tatyana Maslovskaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Constitutional Reforms ◽  
Constitutional Changes

The article analyzes the conditions of the constitutional reforms in foreign countries, the goal of constitutional changes at the present stage. Attention is paid to popularity of practice of adopting of interim constitutions. We study the full and partial constitutional reforms passed in foreign countries over the past five years. Provide new directions of constitutional reforms, based on modern challenges. Careful attention is paid to analysis of constitutional reforms as a response to the crisis: a crisis of values in society and the state, the security crisis. Subject to review are new constitutions of the XXI century, as well as draft constitutional laws. Provided the tendency of strengthening the state’s position in order to protect national interests. The author attempts to envisage further constitutional development in foreign countries.

scholarly journals Farewell, Neuroinformatics!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ascoli ◽  
David N. Kennedy ◽  
Erik De Schutter
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
New Directions

The founding Editors-in-Chief of the journal Neuroinformatics, which debuted in 2001, bid farewell to the Neuroinformatics community as the publisher seeks new directions and leadership. Some highlights of the past 20 years of the journal are highlighted.

scholarly journals Current perspectives concerning the multimodal therapy in Glioblastoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
Florina Grigore ◽  
Felix Mircea Brehar ◽  
Mircea Radu Gorgan
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Set Up

Abstract GBM (Glioblastoma) is the most common, malignant type of primary brain tumor. It has a dismal prognosis, with an average life expectancy of less than 15 months. A better understanding of the tumor biology of GBM has been achieved in the past decade and set up new directions in the multimodal therapy by targeting the molecular paths involved in tumor initiation and progression. Invasion is a hallmark of GBM, and targeting the complex invasive mechanism of the tumor is mandatory in order to achieve a satisfactory result in GBM therapy. The goal of this review is to describe the tumor biology and key features of GBM and to provide an up-to-date overview of the current identified molecular alterations involved both in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Rwanda Since 1994

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
East Africa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Creative Writers ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Gender

Over the past 25 years, Rwanda has undergone remarkable shifts and transitions: culturally, economically, and educationally the country has gone from strength to strength. While much scholarship has understandably been retrospective, seeking to understand, document and commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi, this volume gathers diverse perspectives on the changing social and cultural fabric of Rwanda since 1994. Rwandan Since 1994 considers the context of these changes, particularly in relation to the ongoing importance of remembering and in wider developments in the Great Lakes and East Africa regions. Equally it explores what stories of change are emerging from Rwanda: creative writing and testimonies, as well as national, regional, and international political narratives. The contributors interrogate which frameworks and narratives might be most useful for understanding different kinds of change, what new directions are emerging, and how Rwanda's trajectory is ongoingly shaped by other global factors. The international set of contributors includes creative writers, practitioners, activists, and scholars from African studies, history, anthropology, education, international relations, modern languages, law and politics. As well as delving into the shifting dynamics of religion and gender in Rwanda today, the book brings to light the experiences of lesser-discussed groups of people such as the Twa and the children of perpetrators.

Some Pain, Some Gain: Reflections on the Past Two Decades of Neonatal Pain Research and Treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Franck
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Neonatal Pain ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Infant Pain ◽  
Made In

This review reflects back on the progress that has been made in infant pain research over the past 20 years and how the research has influenced (or has failed to influence) the attitudes and practices of health professionals about infant pain. Progress in understanding of infant pain neurobiology, treatment, and measurement are discussed, and new directions for future research are proposed.

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