Applications of natural polymers in mucoadhesive drug delivery: An overview

Designing composites based on natural polymers has attracted attention for more than a decade due to the possibility to manufacture medical devices which are biocompatible with the human body. Herein, we present some biomaterials made up of collagen, polyurethane, and cellulose doped with lignin and lignin-metal complex, which served as transcutaneous drug delivery systems. Compared with base material, the compressive strength and the elastic modulus of biocomposites comprising lignin or lignin-metal complex were significantly enhanced; thus, the compressive strength increased from 61.37 to 186.5 kPa, while the elastic modulus increased from 0.828 to 1.928 MPa. The release of ketokonazole from the polymer matrix follows a Korsmeyer–Peppas type kinetics with a Fickian diffusion. All materials tested were shown to be active against pathogenic microorganisms. The mucoadhesiveness, bioadhesiveness, mechanical resistance, release kinetic, and antimicrobial activity make these biocomposites to be candidates as potential systems for controlled drug release.

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Bora Rice: Natural Polymer for Drug Delivery

Materials Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iocps2021-11290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Kalyani Pathak ◽

Ratna Jyoti Das ◽

Riya Saikia ◽

Aparoop Das ◽

Mohammad Zaki Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cold Water ◽

Food Additives ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Colloidal Dispersion ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Rice Starch ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Natural polymers play a vital part in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their use as excipients. Synthetic polymers have been introduced into drug delivery recently; the usage of natural polymers in drug delivery research continues to rise. It is not surprising that applications other than its caloric value have been found for starch. Various natural sources of the polymer have been investigated for delivery systems; among them, Assam Bora rice starch seems to be a promising candidate due to its interesting properties such as being non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, and non-immunogenic. Assam Bora rice, locally known as Bora Chaul, was first introduced in Assam, India, from Thailand or Myanmar by Thai-Ahom, now widely cultivated throughout the Assam. The starch obtained from Assam Bora rice is characterized by its high amylopectin content (i.e., >95%) with a branched, waxy polymer which shows physical stability and resistance towards enzymatic action. Assam Bora rice starch hydrates and swells in cold water, forming viscous colloidal dispersion or sols responsible for its bioadhesive nature. Moreover, it is degraded by colonic bacteria but remains undigested in the upper GIT. Due to the excellent adhesion and gelling capability, it is often selected as a mucoadhesive matrix in a controlled release drug delivery system. Carboxymethyl Assam Bora rice starch has also been applied for SPIONs stabilization and, further, it can effectively bind and load cationic anti-cancer drug molecule, Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), via electrostatic interaction. This article provides a critical assessment of Assam Bora rice literature and shows how the rice can be used in many ways, from food additives to drug delivery systems.

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Preparation and Characterization of Drug-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Volume 3B: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2013-66489 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

L. Saeednia ◽

A. Usta ◽

R. Asmatulu

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Network Formation ◽

Gelation Time ◽

The Body ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

3D Network ◽

Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Hydrogels are the promising classes of polymeric drug delivery systems with the controlled release rates. Among them, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels with transition temperature around the body temperature have been wildly considered. Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural polymers, and its biocompatibility and biodegradability makes it a favorable thermosensitive hydrogel that has been attracted much attention in biomedical field worldwide. In this work, a thermosensitive and injectable hydrogel was prepared using chitosan and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) incorporated with an antibacterial drug (gentamycin). This drug loaded hydrogel is liquid at room temperature, and becomes more solidified gel when heated to the body temperature. Adding β-GP into chitosan and drug molecules and heating the overall solution makes the whole homogenous liquid into gel through a 3D network formation. The gelation time was found to be a function of temperature and concentration of β-GP. This thermosensitive chitosan based hydrogel system was characterized using FTIR and visual observation to determine the chemical structure and morphology. The results confirmed that chitosan/(β-GP) hydrogels could be a promising controlled-release drug delivery system for many deadly diseases.

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Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery: An Overview and Challenges

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12010175 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Priyanka Prakash ◽

Wing-Hin Lee ◽

Ching-Yee Loo ◽

Hau Seung Jeremy Wong ◽

Thaigarajan Parumasivam

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Production Costs ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

High Production ◽

The Many

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polymers produced under specific conditions by certain organisms, primarily bacteria, as a source of energy. These up-and-coming bioplastics are an undeniable asset in enhancing the effectiveness of drug delivery systems, which demand characteristics like non-immunogenicity, a sustained and controlled drug release, targeted delivery, as well as a high drug loading capacity. Given their biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and compatibility with hydrophobic drugs, PHAs often provide a superior alternative to free drug therapy or treatments using other polymeric nanocarriers. The many formulation methods of existing PHA nanocarriers, such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, dialysis, and in situ polymerization, are explained in this review. Due to their flexibility that allows for a vessel tailormade to its intended application, PHA nanocarriers have found their place in diverse therapy options like anticancer and anti-infective treatments, which are among the applications of PHA nanocarriers discussed in this article. Despite their many positive attributes, the advancement of PHA nanocarriers to clinical trials of drug delivery applications has been stunted due to the polymers’ natural hydrophobicity, controversial production materials, and high production costs, among others. These challenges are explored in this review, alongside their existing solutions and alternatives.

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Electrospun Biomaterials’ Applications and Processing

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.49.91 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 91-100

Author(s):

Lucie Depeigne ◽

Emilija Zdraveva

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Review Paper ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

Post Processing ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Main Aspect ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Set Up

One of the largest fields of application of electrospun materials is the biomedical field, including development of scaffolds for tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Electrospinning appears as a promising technique in terms of scaffolds composition and architecture, which is the main aspect of this review paper, with a special attention to natural polymers including collagen, fibrinogen, silk fibroin, chitosan, chitin etc. Thanks to the adaptability of the electrospinning process, versatile hybrid, custom tailored structure scaffolds have been reported. The same is achieved due to the vast biomaterials’ processability as well as modifications of the basic electrospinning set-up and its combination with other techniques, simultaneously or by post-processing.

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Natural polymers for drug delivery: an introduction.

Natural polymers for drug delivery ◽

10.1079/9781780644479.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

K Harsha ◽

M Bhanu ◽

J Srinivas

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Natural Polymers

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Versatile Types of Polysaccharide-Based Drug Delivery Systems: From Strategic Design to Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21239159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (23) ◽

pp. 9159

Author(s):

Yanzhen Sun ◽

Xiaodong Jing ◽

Xiaoli Ma ◽

Yinglong Feng ◽

Hao Hu

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Effective Means ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Research Progress ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Chemotherapy Drugs ◽

Strategic Design ◽

Good Biocompatibility

Chemotherapy is still the most direct and effective means of cancer therapy nowadays. The proposal of drug delivery systems (DDSs) has effectively improved many shortcomings of traditional chemotherapy drugs. The technical support of DDSs lies in their excellent material properties. Polysaccharides include a series of natural polymers, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and alginic acid. These polysaccharides have good biocompatibility and degradability, and they are easily chemical modified. Therefore, polysaccharides are ideal candidate materials to construct DDSs, and their clinical application prospects have been favored by researchers. On the basis of versatile types of polysaccharides, this review elaborates their applications from strategic design to cancer therapy. The construction and modification methods of polysaccharide-based DDSs are specifically explained, and the latest research progress of polysaccharide-based DDSs in cancer therapy are also summarized. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for the design and preparation of polysaccharide-based DDSs with excellent performance.

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Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of amlodipine besylate by using Fenugreek seed mucilage and Ocimum basilicum gum

International Current Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11614 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sudheshnababu Sukhavasi ◽

V. Sai Kishore

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Amlodipine Besylate ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Fenugreek Seed ◽

Wetting Time ◽

Seed Mucilage

Fast dissolving/disintegrating tablets have received ever-increasing demand during the last decade, and the field has became a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical area. Particularly the fast dissolving drug delivery systems formulated with natural polymers have more demand because natural materials like gums and mucilages have been extensively used in the field of drug delivery for their easy availability, ease administration, non toxicity, non irritant nature etc. The main aim of the present study was to formulate the fast dissolving tablets of amlodipine besylate tablets using Fenugreek seed mucilage and Ocimum basilicum gum as a natural superdisintegrating agents to achieve quick onset of action, is to increase the water uptake with in shortest wetting time and there by decrease the disintegration time of the tablets by simple and cost effective direct compression technique. Pre-compression parameters like angle of repose and post-compression parameters like wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration and in-vitro dispersion time were studied. The hardness, friability and drug content of all the formulations were found to be within the limits. The best formulations FFGK5 & FOB5 have shown good disintegration time, hardness and friability. The best formulations were also found to be stable. Optimized formulation was subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines and it insignificant change in hardness, disintegration time and in vitro drug release.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11614 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(9): 243-249

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