scholarly journals Irrigation efficiency depending on water cost

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
M. I. Romashchenko ◽  
R. V. Saidak ◽  
T. V. Matyash ◽  
M. V. Yatsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
The Cost

The article provides an analytical review of the achieved crop yields under irrigation in experimental and production conditions. For today, the best production experience in the use of irrigated land indicates that, subject to all agrotechnical requirements, the yield of early grain crops reaches 8-10 t / ha, corn - 10-14 t / ha, oilseeds - 4-6 t / ha, vegetable crops - over 60 t / ha, which is about 90% of their productivity achieved in the experiments of scientific institutions. The comparative assessment of grain production in different climatic zones of Ukraine for the period of the most intense climatic change shows that over the past thirty years, the share of grain production in the Steppe zone has decreased from 45 to 35% of the total in Ukraine. The analysis of service cost for the transportation of water for irrigation in the southern regions of Ukraine is given. It was revealed that, despite a unified standard method for calculating the cost of water transportation, its price varies significantly by operational units of the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine. The main factors of fluctuations in the cost and fees for the transportation services of water for irrigation are the budgetary funding level of operating organizations, providing these services, the number of water transfers, the volume of actual irrigation on irrigated lands, the share of irrigated areas in the service area. The economic assessment of irrigation efficiency when having different water and other technological costs, taking into account the depreciation of capital investments, indicates that having a water price of 4,0-5,0 UAH/m3, the gross profit from growing the most profitable field crops is 35-40 % higher than the efficiency in rainfed agriculture. At the cost of water is 3,0-3,5 UAH/m3 and the use of the production capacity of the inter-farm irrigation network by 60-70%, financial prerequisites will be created for the effective operation of these networks.

scholarly journals Econometric analysis of the crops’ production prime cost in steppe zone

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-996
Author(s):  
Alla Zhorova ◽  
Svetlana Tischenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Yield Formation

Efficiency of agrarian production depends on the characteristics of the natural complex in specific territory. Managing costs on crop production in steppe zone is largely determined by correctly chosen strategy of development and tools of its implementation, taking into account cost and innovative technologies. The purpose of this paper is to identify possible ways to reduce the cost of crop production by constructing an econometric model. Searching of the most efficient ways of working agrarian enterprise is grounded by the intense technological progress, with considerable attention which is paid to the econometric modelling. It provides the opportunity not only to see the relationship between the studied quantitative factors, but also to predict the results of activities in an analytical form. The paper proposes an econometric model of the crops’ yield formation and identifies ways to reduce the cost of crop production. The hypothesis of a linear relation between the prime cost, expenditures and yield is proved. As a result of the analysis, the dependence of production costs on crop yields and prime costs, the opportunity to use the survey data to predict future economic factors in agriculture is given.

scholarly journals Water savings potentials of irrigation systems: global simulation of processes and linkages

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 3073-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jägermeyr ◽  
D. Gerten ◽  
J. Heinke ◽  
S. Schaphoff ◽  
M. Kummu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Regional Patterns

Abstract. Global agricultural production is heavily sustained by irrigation, but irrigation system efficiencies are often surprisingly low. However, our knowledge of irrigation efficiencies is mostly confined to rough indicative estimates for countries or regions that do not account for spatiotemporal heterogeneity due to climate and other biophysical dependencies. To allow for refined estimates of global agricultural water use, and of water saving and water productivity potentials constrained by biophysical processes and also non-trivial downstream effects, we incorporated a process-based representation of the three major irrigation systems (surface, sprinkler, and drip) into a bio- and agrosphere model, LPJmL. Based on this enhanced model we provide a gridded world map of irrigation efficiencies that are calculated in direct linkage to differences in system types, crop types, climatic and hydrologic conditions, and overall crop management. We find pronounced regional patterns in beneficial irrigation efficiency (a refined irrigation efficiency indicator accounting for crop-productive water consumption only), due to differences in these features, with the lowest values (< 30 %) in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and the highest values (> 60 %) in Europe and North America. We arrive at an estimate of global irrigation water withdrawal of 2469 km3 (2004–2009 average); irrigation water consumption is calculated to be 1257 km3, of which 608 km3 are non-beneficially consumed, i.e., lost through evaporation, interception, and conveyance. Replacing surface systems by sprinkler or drip systems could, on average across the world's river basins, reduce the non-beneficial consumption at river basin level by 54 and 76 %, respectively, while maintaining the current level of crop yields. Accordingly, crop water productivity would increase by 9 and 15 %, respectively, and by much more in specific regions such as in the Indus basin. This study significantly advances the global quantification of irrigation systems while providing a framework for assessing potential future transitions in these systems. In this paper, presented opportunities associated with irrigation improvements are significant and suggest that they should be considered an important means on the way to sustainable food security.

Legume production at Cyrene in the Hellenistic period: epigraphic evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Muna H. Haroun Abdelhamed
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Legume Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Over Time

AbstractLegumes seem to have been cultivated and to have formed an essential part of the human diet during the Greek and Roman periods. This paper examines the cultivation of pulses in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era. It considers the regional production capacity for legumes to meet local needs and argues the involvement of different kinds of pulses in interregional commerce alongside cereals and other dry grains. This study has been implemented via investigating Hellenistic epigraphic evidence from Cyrene. It has traced the cost of pulses mentioned in inscriptions of the fourth and third/second centuries BC and compared them with that of wheat and barley. Pulses and cereal costs indicated by Diocletian's ‘Edict on Maximum Prices of AD 301’ have also been investigated to assess the general trend of their prices over time. The examination demonstrates that varieties of pulses were produced in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era and were likely as significant as wheat and barley. It also indicates that they were probably traded from the region alongside other dry commodities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Rui Chen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Xu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Cost

The Resource Tax Law was officially implemented on September 1, 2020, in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under asymmetric duopoly conditions with perfect information. The mechanisms of the two policies are different when all firms simultaneously respond to water resources: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. Water resource taxes work better than fees for eliminating backward production capacity. A comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is also carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. As the operational cost for reducing water consumption increases, the reduced water consumption first increases and then decreases.

scholarly journals Proposed Policy Preventive Maintenance Machine Moriseiki NH 4000 DCG Method Of Reliability Center Maintenance (RCM) And Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) Case Study PT. Pudak Scientific

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fachri Husaini
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Acceptance Set ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Company

PT Pudak Scientific is a company engaged in the manufacture of aircraft parts industry. Meeting the precise and timely demand of aerospace parts from customers becomes a major corporate responsibility. However, Loss Revenue often occurs due to engine breakdown. So that cause because the production target is not achieved, the product reject, and the delay of delivery. One of the machines that often experience breakdown is Mori seiki NH4000 DCG. Mori seiki NH4000 DCG is the finishing machine for Blank fork End product. The demand for this part is quite large, making it a tough task for the Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG machine. But because the breakdown of the machine is high enough to cause production targets every month are often not met. In addition, Maintenance activities that have not noticed the characteristics of engine damage, as well as the distribution of historical data of the machine causing less effective and efficient actions resulted in substantial Maintenance costs. Based on the results of risk analysis of Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG engine damage, in terms of performance loss system caused by a large enough that is 3.773% of machine production capacity per year. This figure exceeds the risk acceptance criteria by the company that is 2%. Therefore it is necessary to find the appropriate Maintenance policy for the Mori Seiki NH4000 DCG machine. The approach is to use Reliability Centeres Maintenance and Risk Based Maintenance. Based on the above two approaches obtained the appropriate interval time so that the Maintenance activities more effective and can improve the efficiency of treatment by reducing the cost of care previously Rp167.506.286, - per year, to Rp 96.147.061, - per year. With the policy is expected to reduce engine breakdown and performance loss caused. So the number of risks that arise for the future are within the criteria of acceptance set by the company.

scholarly journals The Correlation Analysis of Maintenance Costs to Sei Siulak Deras Irrigation Network Infrastructure Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Frans Dhana ◽  
Dinar Dwi Anugerah Putranto ◽  
Betty Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Network Infrastructure ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Sei Siulak Deras Irrigation Area is one of the Irrigation Areas located in Kerinci Regency based on the decision of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) regulations No.12/PRT/M/2015 concerning criteria and estabishment of Irrigation Area status with an area of 5,801 Ha. The authority for operational and maintenance implementation is handled by the Dinas PUPR of Jambi Province ( RTRW of Jambi Province, 2013). The performance of the Sei Siulak Deras irrigation network infrastructure is inseparable from the available maintenance budget, for this reason, it is necessary to conduct a study that analyzes the relationship between routine maintenance costs for the performance of irrigation network infrastructure in the Sei Siulak Deras irrrigation area of Kerinci District, Jambi Province.  In this study an examination of the existing conditions of irrigation networks involving 1 observer and 6 irrigation workers, the irrigation network inspection using the standards issued by the Operation and Maintenance Agency of the Dinas PUPR of Jambi Province. From the results of the correlation analysis the cost of routine maintenance on the performance of irrigation network infrastructure is 0.9, this indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. While the maintenance budget allocated by the government to the maintenance of irrigation network infrastructure is very lacking, amounting to IDR 806,081,000 from the budget for the maintenance of irrigation network infrastructure of IDR 3,580,984,372.57.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Fee-to-Tax Reform on Water Resources in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-rui Chen ◽  
Pu-yan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Difference ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Resource Policy ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background: The Resource Tax Law has been officially implemented on September 1, 2020 in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. Methods: This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under an asymmetric duopoly with perfect information. Results: First, an analysis when all firms simultaneously respond to the water resource policy is conducted. The mechanisms of the two policies are different: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. It is shown that the tax works better than the fee for eliminating backward production capacity. Then, a comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. Conclusions: When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. Therefore, the “Fee-to-Tax” reform provides some benefits to maintain the environmental development of some water-mining or related industries.

scholarly journals Analisa Harga Pokok Penjualan dalam Menentukan Laba pada Rumah Makan Putri Solo “Takana Jo Kampuang” Muara Bulian

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Muryati Muryati ◽  
Joko Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to analyze the calculation of the cost of sales as the basis for determining the selling price of the product in determining profit in one period at The Putri Solo Restaurant "Takana Jo Kampuang" Muara Bulian. The method used is descriptive method by using qualitative attachment can also use research to calculate the cost of sales and collect costs that have been spent for the food business. For Return of Business Capital RM with the resulting production capacity. Research shows that Putri Solo Restaurant "Takana Jo Kampuang" Muara Bulian is experiencing stable financial condition and can even achieve maximum results. The cost that has been spent is used as an element of calculation of the formation of the cost of goods sold and the determination of the selling price as the basis in determining the profit of the business. The head of Putri Solo Restaurant "Takana Jo Kampuang" Muara Bulian should maintain and improve their business as best as possible and innovate if they want to keep their business as a developed restaurant.

Results of experimental work on the application of the aquacrop rotation practice in fish ponds in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Lydia Mikhailovna Vasilyeva ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Ali Attala Muheisin ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fish Productivity

The use of the crop rotation method in fish farming makes it possible to increase fish productivity and crop yields in ponds. In the countries of the Middle East, in recent years, the Aqua Crop rotation practice has been developing, in particular, the consistent cultivation of fish and rice in fish ponds, which allows eliminating the contradictions between these crops and increasing production efficiency. In Iraq, an experiment was carried out on the variable cultivation of rice and carp in fish ponds for four years, with the aim of introducing this practice into the country’s agriculture. Four ponds, each with an area of 7.5 hectares, were involved. The research was carried out in two variants: in experiment No.1 rice was grown in the first year, fish in the second, then rice again and in the fourth year — fish, in the second experiment, on the contrary, at the beginning of the fish, then rice, etc. The fish-breeding season lasted 9 months (March to November). Fish-breeding indicators were studied in detail: survival rate, feed costs, fish productivity, the results of rice cultivation were judged by yield. In addition, indicators of economic efficiency were determined according to a simplified scheme. The results indicate that, in general, fish-breeding indicators turned out to be higher when growing fish in ponds after rice, so fish productivity increased by almost 30% with an average value of 3.9 t/ha, feed costs decreased, while rice yield increased by 15–16% and averaged 3.6 t/ha. The best fish-breeding indicators were obtained in the second experiment after rice was grown in the ponds for two years. Economic calculations confirmed the advantages of using the aquacrop rotation practice, so in the second experiment the cost of marketable fish decreased by 10%, and the profitability increased by almost 30%.

Regional factors of grain crop yield growth in the dynamics of recent years

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Yuriy P. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Regional Factors

In view of the significant increase in grain production in Russia, a methodological approach is proposed to analyze the significance of regional factors of grain crop yield growth in the country in recent years, especially against the background of the lack of expansion of acreage under grain crops. Based on the results of the calculations, the effectiveness of the influence of climatic, financial, infrastructural and production factors on the growth of grain yield was described. It is concluded that various factors had different effects on the growth of grain crop yields in regions with high-, medium - and low-intensity grain production complex. The role of reducing the influence of financial factors on the growth of grain yields and a sharp increase in the role of agro-climatic conditions is noted. The revealed trend of increasing depreciation of fixed assets of agriculture as a whole is particularly emphasized, with a slight increase in the volume of their renewal and modernization in the leading regions in terms of grain crop yield growth. Without taking appropriate measures to reduce the depreciation of fixed assets in the near future, this will result in a sharp decline in the achieved volumes of grain production in the country.

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