Problems of cartographic study of vegetation structure in Siberia

1997 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Вelоv
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dynamic Series ◽  
Vegetation Study ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Transformation Series

The works by V. B. Sochava have laid the foundation of the system geographical-historical approach to vegetation study, determined the features of vegetation cartography in Siberia. The profound intensification of cartographic works in Siberia began in seventies. At that period, ahead of the others, V. B. Sochava raised the problem of ecologyzation of geographic investigations and among them vegetation cartography. Thus he stimulated the development of ecological-geobotanical (phytoecological) mapping. In the eighties the estimation-prognosis mapping started to develope that enhanced the demands to the universal geobotanical map. At the present time in Siberia the cartographical-geobotanical investigations are conducting in the frame of numerous regional and local ecological problems and first of all those related to the concept of stable development of the Baikal region adopted at the UNO conference in 1992. The vegetation map published in Baikal Atlas is an example of such new survey-inquiry mapping, the same are the vegetation map and the estimation map of vegetation disturbances of the Irkutsk District. In the above map, in contrast to previous ones, more attention have been paid to the destructive dynamic processes, therefore the typification of the secondary communities has been carried out not through the restoration series but through the stages of anthropogenic transformation series. Natural and derivative units (numbers) are united into unified dynamic series (epitaxons). Two dynamic processes – destruction and demutation – can be traced on the vegetation map of Irkutsk District. At the base of the universal geobotanical map the block of phytoecological maps has been created. At present days the interest to the middle-scale and the large-scale mapping in Siberia is increasing sharply. Perspectives of its development are connected with forming the regional and local GIS and with developing the operative computer-mapping.

Classification of vegetation in Cucphuong National Park with the aim of large-scale mapping, Vietnam

1996 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguen Nghia Thin ◽  
Nguen Ba Thu ◽  
Tran Van Thuy
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals A new world natural vegetation map for global change studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lapola ◽  
Marcos D. Oyama ◽  
Carlos A. Nobre ◽  
Gilvan Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New World ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Vegetation Maps

We developed a new world natural vegetation map at 1 degree horizontal resolution for use in global climate models. We used the Dorman and Sellers vegetation classification with inclusion of a new biome: tropical seasonal forest, which refers to both deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. SSiB biogeophysical parameters values for this new biome type are presented. Under this new vegetation classification we obtained a consensus map between two global natural vegetation maps widely used in climate studies. We found that these two maps assign different biomes in ca. 1/3 of the continental grid points. To obtain a new global natural vegetation map, non-consensus areas were filled according to regional consensus based on more than 100 regional maps available on the internet. To minimize the risk of using poor quality information, the regional maps were obtained from reliable internet sources, and the filling procedure was based on the consensus among several regional maps obtained from independent sources. The new map was designed to reproduce accurately both the large-scale distribution of the main vegetation types (as it builds on two reliable global natural vegetation maps) and the regional details (as it is based on the consensus of regional maps).

scholarly journals High-Resolution Vegetation Mapping Using eXtreme Gradient Boosting Based on Extensive Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Anwar Eziz ◽  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Shengli Tao ◽  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting

Accurate mapping of vegetation is a premise for conserving, managing, and sustainably using vegetation resources, especially in conditions of intensive human activities and accelerating global changes. However, it is still challenging to produce high-resolution multiclass vegetation map in high accuracy, due to the incapacity of traditional mapping techniques in distinguishing mosaic vegetation classes with subtle differences and the paucity of fieldwork data. This study created a workflow by adopting a promising classifier, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to produce accurate vegetation maps of two strikingly different cases (the Dzungarian Basin in China and New Zealand) based on extensive features and abundant vegetation data. For the Dzungarian Basin, a vegetation map with seven vegetation types, 17 subtypes, and 43 associations was produced with an overall accuracy of 0.907, 0.801, and 0.748, respectively. For New Zealand, a map of 10 habitats and a map of 41 vegetation classes were produced with 0.946, and 0.703 overall accuracy, respectively. The workflow incorporating simplified field survey procedures outperformed conventional field survey and remote sensing based methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In addition, it opens a possibility of building large-scale, high-resolution, and timely vegetation monitoring platforms for most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide with the aid of Google Earth Engine and citizen science programs.

The short-term responses of small mammals to wildfire in semiarid mallee shrubland, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke T. Kelly ◽  
Dale G. Nimmo ◽  
Lisa M. Spence-Bailey ◽  
Michael F. Clarke ◽  
Andrew F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
And Function

Context. Wildfire is a major driver of the structure and function of mallee eucalypt- and spinifex-dominated landscapes. Understanding how fire influences the distribution of biota in these fire-prone environments is essential for effective ecological and conservation-based management. Aims. We aimed to (1) determine the effects of an extensive wildfire (118 000 ha) on a small mammal community in the mallee shrublands of semiarid Australia and (2) assess the hypothesis that the fire-response patterns of small mammals can be predicted by their life-history characteristics. Methods. Small-mammal surveys were undertaken concurrently at 26 sites: once before the fire and on four occasions following the fire (including 14 sites that remained unburnt). We documented changes in small-mammal occurrence before and after the fire, and compared burnt and unburnt sites. In addition, key components of vegetation structure were assessed at each site. Key results. Wildfire had a strong influence on vegetation structure and on the occurrence of small mammals. The mallee ningaui, Ningaui yvonneae, a dasyurid marsupial, showed a marked decline in the immediate post-fire environment, corresponding with a reduction in hummock-grass cover in recently burnt vegetation. Species richness of native small mammals was positively associated with unburnt vegetation, although some species showed no clear response to wildfire. Conclusions. Our results are consistent with the contention that mammal responses to fire are associated with their known life-history traits. The species most strongly affected by wildfire, N. yvonneae, has the most specific habitat requirements and restricted life history of the small mammals in the study area. The only species positively associated with recently burnt vegetation, the introduced house mouse, Mus domesticus, has a flexible life history and non-specialised resource requirements. Implications. Maintaining sources for recolonisation after large-scale wildfires will be vital to the conservation of native small mammals in mallee ecosystems.

Study on Sports Ecosystem Based on Sustainable Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4482-4485
Author(s):  
Pei Hua Liu ◽  
Hong Nian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The ecological method and sports science were applied in expounding the formation of ecological environment and the establishment of ecology sense. In terms of sustainable development, the ecological problems caused by sports industries, construction of sports sites, large-scale sports events, sports travelling and golf playing were presented. The approaches and measures were imposed on the optimization of sports ecological environment including the promotion of related laws and regulations, the improvement of the enforcement and supervision of existing rules, which can lay theoretical foundation for sustainable development of sports ecology system.

scholarly journals A novel biome concept and classification system based on bioclimate and vegetation – a Neotropical assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Navarro ◽  
José Antonio Molina
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Tropical Ecosystems ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Ecological Functionality

The knowledge of biomes as large-scale ecosystem units has benefited from advances in the ecological and evolutionary sciences. Despite this, a universal biome classification system that also allows a standardized nomenclature has not yet been achieved. We propose a comprehensive and hierarchical classification method and nomenclature to define biomes based on a set of bioclimatic variables and their corresponding vegetation structure and ecological functionality. This method uses three hierarchical biome levels: Zonal biome (Macrobiome), Biome and Regional biome. Biome nomenclature incorporates both bioclimatic and vegetation characterization (i.e. formation). Bioclimate characterization basically includes precipitation rate and thermicity. The description of plant formations encompasses vegetation structure, physiognomy and foliage phenology. Since the available systems tend to underestimate the complexity and diversity of tropical ecosystems, we have tested our approach in the biogeographical area of the Neotropics. Our proposal includes a bioclimatic characterization of the main 16 Neotropical plant formations identified. This method provides a framework that (1) enables biome distribution and changes to be projected from bioclimatic data; (2) allows all biomes to be named according to a globally standardized scheme; and (3) integrates various ecological biome approaches with the contributions of the European and North American vegetation classification systems. Taxonomic reference: Jørgensen et al. (2014). Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of and in homage to Prof. Dr. Salvador Rivas-Martínez.

scholarly journals Influence of Check Dams on Flood and Erosion Dynamic Processes of a Small Watershed in the Loss Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuilong Yuan ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
Haidong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Flood Volume

As an important soil and water conservation engineering measure, check dams have been constructed on a large scale in the Loess Plateau of China. However, their effects on runoff and sediment processes in the basin are still unclear. In this study, the hydrodynamic processes of the Wangmaogou watershed located in the Loess Plateau were simulated, and the influence of check dams on the flood and erosion dynamic processes in this watershed were also evaluated. The results showed that the check dams obviously reduced the flood peak and flood volume and mitigated the flood process. After the dam system was completed, the flood peak and flood volume were reduced by 65.34% and 58.67%, respectively. The erosion dynamic distribution of the main channel in the small watershed was changed to different extents by the different dam type combinations, and the erosion dynamic parameters of the channel decreased most after the dam system was completed, when the velocity and runoff shear stress of the outlet section were reduced by 10.69% and 31.08%, respectively. Additionally, the benefits of sediment reduction were most obvious after the check dam system was completed, with the sediment discharge in the watershed being reduced by 83.92%. The results of this study would provide specific implications for construction and management of check dams in the Loess plateau.

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