ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF THE TEREK REGION AND DAGESTAN DURING THE REVOLUTION AND CIVIL WAR, 1917–1920

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
V.B. LOBANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Mountain Population

The article deals with the topics related to the national-state construction on the Terek River and in Dagestan in 1917–1920. Attention is paid to the problems of creating regional governments of various political orientations. The question of the confrontation between the Terek Cossacks, mountain leaders and Islamists is raised. Special attention is paid to the foreign policy factor that influenced the course of events in the region. The relevance of the research topic of the realities of the beginning of the XX century. It is caused not only by the 100th anniversary of the revolutionary events of 1917–1922, but also by the extreme similarity of the events of a century ago with what is happening in the region at the present time. It is noted that the mountain leaders of the liberal-democratic sense could not create a full-fledged statehood, which alienated the bulk of the local population. It is shown that the White Guards in the eyes of local residents were associated with the old regime and could not consolidate them around themselves. The Sharia reflected the point of view of a small part of the mountain population, and were critically dependent on the Bolsheviks and the external factor (Georgia, Azerbaijan, and the Turks). It is proved that only the final Sovietization of the region saved it from self-destruction and returned it to the creative path of development.

scholarly journals MOTIVES OF CULTURAL COLONIALISM IN FOREIGN TOURIST GUIDEBOOKS OF BELARUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Valiantsina L. Blishch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Foreign Tourist ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
Cultural Colonialism ◽  
Tourist Guides

This article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the representation of Belarus and Belarus, recreated by foreign guides. The author considers foreign tourist guides to Belarus, published in 1994-2014, from the point of view of postcolonial theory and describes the ideological attitudes of colonial discourse, according to which Belarus is a passive object that is characterized by lack of development (backwardness), permanent dependence and victimhood. Such a representation strategy fits into the scheme of colonial discourse, the object of which is the Other, presented in the categories of local, ethnographic, backward (non-historical), non-independent, static. At the same time, it would seem that positive and innocent images strengthen ideological asymmetry and record the colonial image of the local population as primitive and submissive people. The representation of local residents in tourist texts as obedient and harmless romanticizes the image of a fearless and slightly naive savage, which is part of colonial discourse. Such a strategy of representation of Belarus and Belarusians is connected with the motives of cultural colonialism. The article describes the techniques by which these motifs are revealed: verb in a passive voice, multiple enumeration of words and expressions with negative connotations, use of various types of artistic trail, reception of comic. The revealed features allow us to consider foreign guides to Belarus, with the exception of the guide “Minsk: A Historical Guide and Brief Administrative, Professional and Commercial Directory”, as texts that reproduce ideological colonial asymmetry due to the presence of power relations between the West and Belarus, Russia and Belarus, an

The Public Purchase of Grain on Independent Delos

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Reger
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Price Structure ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grain Prices

Earlier work has tended to view Delos as an entrepôt for the larger Hellenistic grain trade, but during the years of independence (314-167 B.C.) the island relied on the import of grain to satisfy local demand, and this was certainly the more important aspect of the trade in grain, at least from the Delians' point of view. This study explores several issues connected with the local supply of grain. From prices for grain reported in inscriptions and estimates of the local population, the aggregate annual demand for grain is estimated, and the price structure of grain derived; the ratio of wheat and barley prices on Delos is found to differ considerably from that known from Athens and Roman Egypt. The shortage of 282 B.C., assumed by earlier scholars from prices recorded for that year, is shown instead to be a period of atypically low prices. The impact of the sailing season on shipments of grain is explored, and an annual rhythm in grain prices and availability linked to the closure of the sea and the agricultural year is revealed. The Delians tried to reduce the impact of these fluctuations by the public purchase of grain on an irregular basis in the late fourth and third century, as attested through public loans; by the last quarter of the third century they had established a regular sitōnia fund to buy grain for resale at reduced prices. Comparison of funds available, grain prices, and the estimated aggregate demand suggest that the Delian sitōnia was able to cover a significant fraction of local demand; this contrasts with evidence from other cities. Some of the implications of these results for our understanding of the Hellenistic economy are briefly explored.

scholarly journals Universidades públicas como agentes de desenvolvimento urbano e regional de cidades médias e pequenas: uma discussão teórica, metodológica e empírica

GeoTextos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendel Henrique Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Regional Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economical Development ◽  
Urban And Regional Development

As universidades apresentam um importante papel social na promoção do desenvolvimento social, cultural e econômico. Em diversos países sua instalação está ligada também ao desenvolvimento urbano e regional, especialmente de cidades médias e pequenas, promovendo, com relativo sucesso, a modernização da estrutura urbana e econômica dessas cidades. A base empírica desse estudo são as cidades sede dos campi da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (instalados em 2006) e Passau (Baviera/Alemanha), sede da Universidade de Passau, desde 1978. Nosso objetivo é propor uma abordagem metodológica que dê suporte para pesquisas focadas na integração, na fragmentação e nos conflitos entre a cidade da população local e aquela das universidades. Nossas conclusões principais indicam uma grande dinamização do mercado imobiliário, diversificação das atividades comerciais e de serviços, ampliação do papel regional, mas também, do ponto de vista social, conexões fracas e pontuais com a cidade, gerando conflitos entre estudantes/professores e a população local. Abstract PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES AS AGENTS IN URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIUM AND SMALL-SIZED CITIES: A THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH The universities have an important role in our society to promote social, cultural and economical development. In many countries universities has been installed in small and medium-sized cities since the 70’s to promote the development and ‘modernization’. Some of them are very successful and the economical development is visible and unquestionable. Our empirical study focuses the cities of the Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia (installed in 2006) and Passau/Bavaria/Germany (University of Passau, installed in 1978). Our goal is to propose methodological approach to support a research based on the integration, fragmentation and conflicts between the city of the local population and city of the Universities. Our major conclusions are connected with the increase of the real estate market, diversification of commercial and service activities, intensification of regional role. From the social point of view, however, there are weak and punctual connections with the cities, promoting spatial and cultural conflicts between the students/professor and the local population.

scholarly journals Activities of the underground Ukrainian Red Cross in the UIA ranks on the territory of Galicia in 1943-1944

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Oleh V. Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Separate Region ◽  
Territorial Division

The purpose of the article is to study the process of creation and functioning of the underground Ukrainian Red Cross, its interaction with the local population during the period 1943-1944 in Galicia under the conditions of the Nazi occupation. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific principles of objectivity, comprehensiveness and historicism. The work uses logical, problem-chronological and comparative methods. Scientific novelty. The article attempts to analyze the structure, territorial division and management structure, and the main directions of activity of this organization within the limits of Galicia, as one separate region. Practical meaning. The study of the activities of this organization is an important element for understanding the principles of the work of the underground Ukrainian Red Cross as a component of the red cross movement on the territory of Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century. Main results and conclusion. The article deals with the activities of the Ukrainian Red Cross in the ranks of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army on the territory of Galicia during the period of the Nazi occupation. The aggregate of factors that influenced the underground activity of the Ukrainian Red Cross was highlighted. In particular, the regional features that caused certain differences in the work of the Red Cross on this territory in comparison with other areas of UIA activity were investigated. The structure, territorial division and management structure of this organization are described within the limits of one separate region – Galicia. The main directions of the work of the Underground Red Cross are considered. The peculiarities of provision of medical care, the organization of hospitals and the problem of the training of medical personnel in the conditions of the underground are analyzed. The main ways of material and technical support of the Ukrainian Red Cross are highlighted. The role of the local population and the medical community of Galicia in providing the Red Cross with medications, medicinal plants and the necessary inventory is revealed. The author of the study concludes that for the activities of the Ukrainian Red Cross during the period 1943-1944 on the territory of Galicia were characterized by their regional features that facilitated or created more favorable conditions for the functioning of this organization. It should be noted separately that the role of the local population in supporting the work of this structure – the provision of medicines, food and money. In general, the author evaluates the activity of UHF in this period as an important stage of the red-circular movement in the territory of Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century. The Underground Red Cross is regarded as an organization that has become the successor of humanitarian communities of the same type that functioned in the specified territory in previous years, in particular the URC department in Lviv, established in June 1941. One of the important factors contributing to the work of this organization was the activity of the medical environment, which manifested itself in promoting the activities of this structure by well-known doctors and graduates of medical higher education institutions. Among them, in particular – Iryna Babonyak – "Nina", Ivan Shvak – Shul, Bogdan Yanogo – Kruk – "Meleodia". Type of article: empirical.

scholarly journals Territorial identity and attitude to their town of the russian provincial youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Ostapenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is based on materials from a study carried out by employees of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2017–2019. The study was conducted among young people living in two small towns in Central Russia – Belev, Tula region and Staritsa, Tver region. The issues of local-territorial identity of young residents of the Russian province, their attitude to their native city and the local environment are analyzed. An analysis of the sociological survey data made it possible to conclude that at present, territorial identity and love for their city were characteristic of a considerable part of the provincial youth, but these indicators varied markedly. The prevalence of young people’s orientations towards their city decreased in more developed, urbanized, open cities, with a rolling stock of the local population, wider contacts with the ”outside world”, a higher level of education, etc. In less urbanized cities, local-territorial identity and love for their city were more frequent. At the same time, local residents experienced less satisfaction with living conditions and showed more pronounced migration activity.

scholarly journals Geoecological Assessment of the State of Soils in Functional Zones of the Territory of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
S. V. Dubrova ◽  
I. I. Podlipskiy ◽  
P. S. Zelenkovskiy ◽  
P. I. Egorov ◽  
E. M. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Functional Zone ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Functional Purpose

With the development of megalopolises, constant expansion of their borders and chaotic and – to a greater extent – unreasonable territorial division of lands, potential recreational areas are experiencing colossal anthropogenic load and can be found in the state of oppression, gradually moving into an industrial functional zone, from the environmental point of view. For the preservation of ecosystems and rational planning of urban development, it is necessary to pay special attention to the functional purpose and mode of use of the sites, which are the essence of zoning and governance in the field of urban development of land. This paper presents a geoecological assessment of the dynamics of changes in pollution halos among the functional areas of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow over the past 30 years. Geochemical series of pollutants were compiled with the help of methods of preliminary preparation and statistical data processing. A forecast of the spread of pollution in the surface horizon for the next 100 years is presented, taking into account the hydrogeological features of the territory of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow.

scholarly journals FRACTALS, NATURAL DISASTERS AND ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF MALDIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Boyko Ranguelov ◽  
Fathimath Shadiya
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fractal Nature ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Ocean Level ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Negative Phenomena

A new idea about the fractal nature of Maldives archipelago is under investigation. The origin of this famous Maldivian islands’ country is still questionable from geodynamic point of view. The present study is focused to the assessment of the fractal properties and the coefficients of the nonlinearity (fractal dimensions) of the areal spatial distribution of the major atolls of the Maldives. This is the most vulnerable area in the world from point of view of the global warming and the possible negative consequences to the country and population from the ocean level increase. From another side the natural hazards (tsunamis, storms, etc.) are common negative phenomena attacking the country. The strongly developed tourism – more than 30% of the GDP and the increased urbanization is another factor creating ecological problems to the local population. The relationships between the fractal nature and the possible ways to avoid the pollution are also in the focus of this research.

scholarly journals Issues of Ethnic Benefits in Ho Chi Minh

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assoc. Prof, Dr. Pham Ngoc Tram ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Party Building ◽  
The People ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Historical Methods

Ho Chi Minh is the eminent political leader of the nation and the Communist Party of Vietnam, one of the major politicians in the world. Ho Chi Minh's ideology on national interests is the viewpoints expressed deeply in Party building, formation and state construction of the people, by the people, for the people. From a historical point of view, the article uses historical methods and qualitative analysis to clarify the issue of national interests - Ho Chi Minh's core political ideology expressed through the work of Duong Kach Menh. The article argues that the national interest in Ho Chi Minh's thought is a creative philosophy, philosophy, thought of action, meeting the aspiration of independence and freedom of the entire nation, in accordance with the context. Specific aspects of the Vietnamese revolution and inherited and applied by the Communist Party of Vietnam in the current country development policy.

scholarly journals CITY ENVIRONMENT AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE LIFESTYLE AND ACTIVE TOURISM

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Светлана ХУСНУТДИНОВА ◽  
Svetlana KHUSNUTDINOVA ◽  
Юлия ЗАКИРОВА ◽  
Yuliya ZAKIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Safe School ◽  
City Environment ◽  
City Culture ◽  
Local Residents

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities and peculiarities of the city environment from the point of view of providing the necessary conditions for the active city lifestyle and active tourism. Cities are interested in the develop- ment of tourism, as an industry that actively attracts investments in the economy, creating a huge variety of workplaces and selfemployment, contributing to the growth of the tax base, preserving local uniqueness and historical and cultural heritage that stimulates creative industries. Obviously, it is impossible, and it is not necessary to create two different cities – “for tourists” and “for citizens”. It means that infrastructure, including transport, street network, cafes and restaurants, entertainment and shopping centers, parks and embankments are actively used by both citizens and tourists. Moreover tourists are attracted by the same objects and events that are in demand among local residents. Accordingly, the creation of a comfortable, safe, friendly city environment is a prerequisite for development, both in terms of improving the quality of life of citizens and attracting tourists. Cities are interested in diversifying the offer for tourist and should contribute to the formation of material and unmaterial factors for the active tourism development. Material factors include the corresponding infrastructure, high-quality ecological situation and a number of others. Unmaterial factors are formed on the basis of city culture, one of the values of which is the active way of life. Priority should be given to the development of the infrastructure of safe school routes, stimulating active modes of movement in the daily regime, creating accessible and safe areas for various sports and outdoor activities.

Tourism research on island destinations: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Parra-López ◽  
José Alberto Martínez-González
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Areas Of Interest

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to synthesize the published works about tourism in the island. Island destinations, especially smaller ones, suffer the negative effects of tourism more than other destinations. This is because of the characteristics of island destinations and the negative impacts arising from their inadequate management by different stakeholders. For these reasons, and conversely because tourism favors the social and economic development of islands, there has been a great deal of research published on insular tourism in the literature at a global level. Despite the number of studies carried out from different approaches, none have synthesized this scientific production. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is the use of a bibliometric and descriptive approach to carry out a thorough review of studies published on tourist development in island destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a bibliometric and descriptive approach to carry out a comprehensive review of the published studies on tourism development in island destinations in the past decade with special emphasis on the items analyzed, places of analysis and scientific journals that have addressed this topic.FindingsThe results of the analysis of the literature show the interest of the study of tourism in island destinations. This interest is partly due to the attraction that tourists have for this type of destinations and the need to promote their sustainable management as tourism destinations (Cusick, 2009, Hall, 2011, Cave and Brown, 2012, López, Orgaz, Marmolejo and Alector, 2016). In addition, tourism in island destinations constitutes an opportunity for economic development and benefits both the local population and its visitors (Fabinyi, 2010; Porter et al., 2015).Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this paper is the great diversity of tourist destinations made up of islands, the complex nature of these destinations and tourism and the quantity and diversity of research carried out into them. This aspect has already been highlighted by other authors and makes it complex to determine which research should be included or excluded in this review.Practical implicationsImportantly, the results allow researchers and decision-makers to identify the main areas of interest in the study of island tourism and the reasons for this interest. They also indicate new areas of interest and in-depth studies. Thus, professionals have a map that shows the most relevant factors in tourism development for this type of destination and the variables that, both from a positive and a negative point of view, influence its development.Social implicationsThis research shows that the main areas of interest is island destination are the quality of life of the local community, stakeholder collaboration, sustainability, diversification and seasonality, marketing, consumer behavior/perception and segmentation, planning of tourism activity, information and technology, competitiveness and efficiency.Originality/valueAs evidenced by the amount of research carried out, there is a great deal of interest in tourism in island destinations. This interest arises from the specific characteristics and the interest of tourists themselves in this type of destination, as well as from the negative impacts and opportunities generated by island tourism. Nevertheless, the number of references obtained for tourism in island destinations (N= 949) represents only 0.2 per cent of the total number of studies referring to only “island” in the SCOPUS consultation (339,607 studies). Thus, one of the contributions of this paper has been to highlight the need to continue studying and reviewing in greater depth research on insular tourism.

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