PECULARITIES OF INDIGENIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA IN THE LIGHT OF NEWLY FOUND ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 96-129
Author(s):  
H.B. MAMSIROV ◽  
◽  
A.A. LOOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The North ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Shadow Side ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Autochthonous Population

The problems of indigenization in the North Caucasus in domestic historiography are considered in the chronological framework of 1920-1930., although these processes really began in the imperial period. After the end of the Caucasian war, the royal government is looking for ways to adapt the mountain peoples into the Russian socio-cultural space, turning the region that absorbing huge material and human resources to the region enriching the country. The imperial experience of managing the region in the end led to awareness of the need to attract the authorities of representatives of the elite from the number of indigenous people. The Bolsheviks took into account the mistakes of their predecessors, and were able to give acceleration to the pace of integration of the Highlanders to the Soviet social and cultural space. They did not fail to take advantage of the experience of the imperial administration in terms of attracting representatives of the autochthonous population into local governments. At the same time, without becoming his class approach, the Bolsheviks opened access to the social elevators to most Highlanders, which cut off representatives of the pre-revolutionary elite. In modern Russia, against the background of strengthening the challenges of globalization, leveling ethnic cultures, individual events of the Soviet nationality are of interest so far, for example, the practice of indigenization. Kabardino-Balkaria more than once turned out to be in the forefront of the Sovietization of the North Caucasus. Part of the events, of course, found the support of the main part of the population. But, in most of them, the population participated voluntarily forcibly, as a direct refusal would be more expensive. The article is based on new archival sources identified in the Funds of the State Archives of the Russian Federation (which are submitted below in this issue), documents from other archives and the latest research on the issue. In general, this made it possible to understand the origins of the process in the imperial period, its logical continuation and national-regional features of the implementation of the indigenization policy in the Soviet Kabardino-Balkaria. Multi-valued for the purposes and objectives, methods of implementation and specific results, this policy is characterized by unprecedented efforts to strengthen state and cultural institutions by national personnel. But much less researchers talk about the shadow side of the problem, which in modern conditions it is necessary to know for accounting in practical activities both positive and negative lessons to solve the Soviet rule of tasks associated with the national issue.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN AND INGUSH PEOPLES TO THE KOKCHETAV REGION ACCORDING TO THE KAZAKHSTAN ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
G. Е. Mamaeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
State Archive ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Cultural Structure

The current paper uses the sources of the State Archives of Kokshetau, the State Archive of Akmola region (Kokshetau) and the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) to cover the history of the deportation of the Chechen and the Ingush peoples to Kazakhstan. These are mainly reports, notes, various correspondence, which contain information about the process of resettlement, the economic and domestic and labor arrangements of the socalled special settlers from the North Caucasus. The identified sources of archives give the author an opportunity to recreate the history of the resettlement and the economic accommodation of the special settlers – the Chechens and the Ingush – from the North Caucasus to the territory of the Kokchetau region in the Kazakh SSR. The information obtained has allowed the author to analyze the economic, socioeconomic, cultural structure of the special settlers and, thus, to consider the formation of the Chechen and the Ingush Diasporas on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author introduces a large number of previously unpublished archival materials into scientific use. The use of archival documents allowed the author to disclose various aspects of the issue under consideration.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF THE POLES INTO THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (LATE 18TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
С.Г. МИРЗОЕВА ◽  
Е.Х. АПАЖЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

С конца восемнадцатого столетия Российская империя постепенно усиливает свое присутствие на Северном Кавказе. В этой связи разные этнические группы, в том числе и поляки, все активней начинают появляться в этом регионе, поскольку он уже находится под контролем России. Источники проникновения на Кавказ были разные: во-первых, это российские служащие со своими семьями, попавшие в состав России после разделов Речи Посполитой и отправленные на службу на Северный Кавказ вследствие внутренних ротаций, и, во-вторых – ученые и коммивояжеры, увидевшие в этом крае безопасное и привлекательное место после начала освоения его Россией. Процесс переселения поляков в данный регион является актуальным вопросом и на сегодняшний день, так как его изучение дает возможность проследить слияние совершено разных культур и их благотворное влияние друг на друга. Культурно-просветительская деятельность поляков в северокавказском регионе в XIX в. проявилась в строительстве польских церквей – костелов, организации школ, благоустройстве городов и сел, открытии курортов. Просветительская деятельность, сохранение традиций, обычаев, менталитета, культуры народа были необходимы прежде всего самим полякам, так как они попали в совершенно новое культурное пространство. Since the end of the eighteenth century, the Russian Empire has gradually increased its presence in the North Caucasus. In this regard, different ethnic groups, including Poles, are increasingly beginning to appear in this region. They now do not perceive it as something terrible, since these territories since these territories are already under the control of Russia. The sources of their penetration into the Caucasus were different: firstly, these were Russian employees with their families who fell into Russia after the partitions of the Commonwealth and were sent to serve in the North Caucasus due to internal rotations, and secondly, scientists and traveling salesmen who saw in this region a safe and attractive place after the start of development by Russia. A radical change in the situation in Russia in terms of eliminating the “white spots” of history, the openness of archives, enable modern researchers to study moral, spiritual, social, cultural and national problems in Russia in general, and in the North Caucasus, in particular. The process of resettlement of Poles in this region is a topical issue today, since its study makes it possible to trace the merger of completely different cultures and their beneficial influence on each other. The cultural and educational activities of Poles in the North Caucasus region in the nineteenth century manifested itself in the construction of Polish churches - churches, the organization of schools, the improvement of cities and villages, the opening of resorts. Educational activities, preservation of traditions, customs, mentality, and culture of the people were necessary primarily for the Poles themselves, since they found themselves in a completely new cultural space.

scholarly journals Main factors in the transformation of regional and ethnic identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
T. I. Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Regional Identity ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Interethnic Interaction

Aim. To identify the most important factors in the transformation of ethnocultural space and population identity through the example of a multicultural trans-border region.Materials and Methods. This research vector provides possibilities to consider this issue in line with the well-known ideas of L. N. Gumilyov regarding the adaptation of ethnic groups to landscapes, as well as to apply an analysis algorithm based on the study of various forms of interethnic contacts and ethnic processes. The author's data from field expedition research, including sociological surveys of the population (more than three thousand people on both sides of the Russian-Kazakh border), interviews, expert assessments, including observation, mapping, etc. have been used. Historical sources, as well as archival documents and existing cartographic materials from various times, have been analysed.Results. Ethno-cultural groups interact with each other and adapt to landscapes, as a result of these processes ethnic cultures acquire common features and regional specificities. These factors have been evaluated and features of interethnic interaction between migrants and the autochthonous population as well as transformation of the ethno-cultural space are revealed. The speed of transformation is influenced by historical, geopolitical, psychological and economic factors. The article is illustrated with specific examples. Geographical aspects of transformation of ethno-cultural identity as the main marker of ethnic culture in trans-border regions have been consideredConclusion. The most important factors of ethno-cultural space and regional identity transformation are adaptation in landscapes, intercultural interaction, migration, change of ethnic composition of the population and divergence as a consequence of delimitation.

scholarly journals The Beginning of the Development of Oil Fields in Ural-Volga Region in 1930s—1940s

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 323-336
Author(s):  
E. V. Bodrova ◽  
V. V. Kalinov ◽  
V. N. Krasivskaya
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The North ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Government

The relevance of the study is determined by the significance of the accumulation of everything positive from the historical experience of implementing national projects, including the formation of the country’s oil and gas complex. On the basis of archival documents, issues related to the evolution of state policy in the field of searching for new oil fields in the Ural-Volga region on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War are considered. The novelty of the study is determined not only by the introduction of previously unpublished documents into scientific circulation, but also by an attempt to analyze the ongoing discussions about the prospects of this oil region, very contradictory decisions of the government in this regard. Attention is focused on such a miscalculation of the Soviet government in the pre-war period as a stake on the development of oil production, primarily in Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus. It has been proven that as a result, the oil workers of the Second Baku felt a lack of funds, equipment, and qualified personnel. It is concluded that as a result, only the first half of 1944 was marked by the largest event in the oil industry of our country: scientists confirmed the assumptions that there are multilayer oil fields in the area between the Volga and the Urals. The authors of the article argue that the discovery of new deposits was of strategic importance for the industrialization of the country, and later for the supply of oil products to the rear and front. It is emphasized that the development of the Devonian deposits of the Ural-Volga region, which began in 1944, became the basis for a sharp increase in oil production in this region.

scholarly journals All-Russian identity: regional aspect of formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Galina Gritsenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Organizations ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Media ◽  
Russian Identity

The article deals with the problems of the formation of the all-Russian identity of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus. On the basis of an expert survey, the most significant structures and actors of its formation were identified: federal authorities, the media, educational and cultural institutions, public organizations. In the course of the analysis of the research results, it was found that in modern conditions, patriotism becomes the basis for strengthening the all-Russian identity.

scholarly journals KIRIM SAVAŞI ZAMANI OSMANLI İLE ŞEYH ŞÂMİL ARASINDAKİ YAZIŞMALAR: ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beşir Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Anahtar sözler: Kuzey Kafkas, Osmanlı, Rus, Şeyh Şâmil, Kırım Savaşı Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents Summary Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War

scholarly journals Gagauz and Bulgarian peoples of the North Caucasus: History with Ethnology and Demography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Subbotina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Household ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
State Archives

Materials from population censuses in Russia, data from state archives of KabardinoBalkaria and Northern Ossetia (Alania), materials from stanitsa Ekaterinogradskaya rural household registers of 1940s, 1950s, 1970s and 1990s as well as data from the author’s ethnosociological studies have been used to describe the ethnodemographic dynamics of Gagauz and Bulgarian population in Malgobek and Sukhotskoe villages in Northern Ossetia (Alania) and stanitsa Ekaterinogradskaya in Kabardino-Balkaria.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS OF NAZHMUDDIN GOTSINSKY (1859-1925)

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Imanutdin Kh. Sulaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Spiritual Leader ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The author tries to analyze the socio-political views of one of the authoritative religious and public figures of the North Caucasus and Daghestan in the first quarter of the 20th century - a mufti-imam Nazhmuddin Gotsinsky basing on the published works of different years, memoirs of the participants in the revolution and the Civil War, archival documents. The author analyzes the views of N. Gotsinsky through his key speeches, sermons and proclamations of 1917-1918. Nazhmuddin Gozinsky is a famous politician and spiritual leader, chairman of the Spiritual Council of the Union of United Mountaineers of the North Caucasus and Dagestan. He was one of the leaders of the counter-revolutionary movement in Dagestan in 1917-1921. On the basis of the studied materials the author draws a conclusion that social and political and social views of Nazhmuddin Gotsinsky reflected all contradictions of the revolutionary period and tragedy of the Civil war.

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