scholarly journals Challenges of Public Administration Reform in the Industrial Age 4.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chairul Basrun Umanailo
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Intelligent Network ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Short Time

The history of the industrial revolution starts from industry 1.0 to 4.0, increasing digitalization of manufacturing supporting factors such as increased data, computing power and connectivity, analytics, business capabilities and intelligence, changing human-machine interactions, and improving digital changes to the physical world, such as robotics and 3D printing. This paper describes how the basic principle of industry 4.0 is the amalgamation of machines, workflows and systems by implementing an intelligent network along the production chain and process to control each other independently. The research findings show that transparency of information is the ability of information systems to create cyber knowledge by enriching digital models with data sensors including data analysis and information provision. There is an aid system to support humans by combining and taking information consciously to make informed decisions and solve proximity problems in a short time.

Gutenberg in Shanghai. Chinese Print Capitalism, 1876–1937. By Christopher A. Reed. [Vancouver, Toronto: University of British Columbia Press, 2004. xvii, 391 pp. ISBN 1206-9523.]

2005 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 443-445
Author(s):  
Andrea Janku
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Print Capitalism ◽  
Early Republican

Gutenberg in Shanghai is a book about the industrial revolution in China's print culture and the ensuing rise of print capitalism ‘with Chinese characteristics.’ It offers a coherent and unique account of the introduction, adaptation and eventual imitation of modern, i.e. Western, print technology in China, with the aim of establishing the material basis on which to study the transition of China's ancient literary culture into the industrial age. It reconstructs the history of print technology from the first cast type matrices to the adaptation of the electrotype process, from photo-lithography to the colour-offset press, from the platen press to the rotary printing press, and tells the stories of three of the most dominant lithograph and letterpress publishers of the late Qing and the early Republican period respectively. This is a worthwhile undertaking, exploring an aspect of modern publishing in China, which hitherto has not received the attention it deserves. The study is based on missionary writings, personal reminiscences, collections of source materials, documents on the early book printers' trade organizations from the Shanghai Municipal Archives, and oral history materials (interviews conducted during the 1950s with former printing workshops apprentices). The bibliography also lists a couple of interviews, but unfortunately it is not clear how relevant they are to the story told in the book.The introduction of lithography into Shanghai by Jesuit missionaries in 1876 plays a pivotal role in this account. Lithography, especially photolithography coming a few years later, was a technology particularly suited to Chinese needs and cheaper than traditional wood-block printing.

Chelmsford during the industrial revolution, c.1790–1840

Urban History ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL RAVEN
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of

Were England's old shire towns marginalized from the process of economic change during the period of the classical Industrial Revolution? A number of contributors to The Cambridge Urban History of Britain, Vol. II make this claim, others emphasize the continued relevance of these towns in the emerging industrial age. With few investigations undertaken into the county towns of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, detailed case study analysis is needed. Using trade directories to profile Chelmsford's business community, this article presents evidence of a dynamic and prosperous urban economy.

The History of the Multinational Enterprise

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Multinational Businesses ◽  
Post Industrial

This article discusses the vast literature focusing on the historical evolution of multinational businesses. A broad consensus prevails among most students of the history of multinational enterprise that the modern multinational dates from the mid or late nineteenth century — that it is in fact a post-industrial revolution phenomenon. Only with steamships, railroads, and cables was it possible for managers to exercise control over business operations across borders in a meaningful manner. Transportation and communication revolutions were prerequisites for the existence of effective coordination within an individual firm. Over the years, however, this consensus has been challenged. Indeed, for decades it has been recognized that certain aspects of the modern multinational enterprise have had a long history. The research on pre-industrial age multinational enterprise adds new insights into the nature and history of this most important organization.

scholarly journals Industrial Revolution: A History of Industrial Revolution and Its Influence in Manufacturing Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Nurdiana Nurdiana ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Online Technology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short Time

Before the existence of industrial technology, people in doing their job using their power. People were able to produce goods and sell services with their power. These activities are ineffective because they are constrained and take a long time, so the discovery of industrial technology is today. This study aims to determine the meaning of the industrial revolution, the history and development of the industrial revolution 1.0 to 4.0, the relationship between the industrial revolution and Indonesian history, and the influence of the industrial revolution in Indonesian manufacturing. Indonesian people do not understand what revolution means and how it relates to Indonesian history, where the current and former situation is very different because of a revolution, especially the industrial revolution. The discovery of industrial technology or industrial revolution makes human development become advanced and rapidly growing. In this study, the author uses a method in the form of a Literature Review (LR) or a literature review and data obtained from several articles that have been published and registered online. Technology is believed by many people to make their work easier and takes a short time. The development of technology became necessary because of the emergence of the industrial revolution 4.0 that changed human life. This article tries to review the understanding of the industrial revolution, its development history, and its influence on Indonesian manufacturing companies. The limitation or weakness of this research lies in the research process, namely the author's weakness in collecting the reference sources used.

Uncertainty about cellulitis and unmet patient information needs: a mixed methods study

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X697349
Author(s):  
Anna Lalonde ◽  
Emma Teasdale ◽  
Ingrid Muller ◽  
Joanne Chalmers ◽  
Peter Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Patient Information Needs ◽  
History Of

BackgroundCellulitis is a common painful infection of the skin and underlying tissues that recurs in approximately a third of cases. Patients’ ability to recover from cellulitis or prevent recurrence is likely to be influenced by their understanding of the condition.AimTo explore patients’ perceptions of cellulitis and their information needs.MethodMixed methods study comprising semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and cross-sectional survey, recruiting through primary care, secondary care and advertising. Adults aged 18 or over with a history of cellulitis (first or recurrent) were invited to complete a survey, take part in an interview or both. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.ResultsThirty interviews were conducted between August 2016 and July 2017. Qualitative data revealed low prior awareness of cellulitis, uncertainty around diagnosis, concern/surprise at the severity of cellulitis, and perceived insufficient information provision. People were surprised they had never heard of the condition and that they had not received advice or leaflets giving self-care information. Some sought information from the internet and found this bewildering. Two hundred and forty surveys were completed (response rate 17%). These showed that, while most people received information on the treatment of cellulitis (60.0%, n = 144), they reported receiving no information about causes (60.8%, n = 146) or prevention of recurrence (73.3%, n = 176).ConclusionThere is a need for provision of basic information for people with cellulitis, particularly being informed of the name of their condition, how to manage acute episodes, and how to reduce risk of recurrence.

Socio-Technological Aspects of Automation in Public Works Activities

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 633-643
Author(s):  
William F. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Training Problem ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
The Impact

The history of human society is replete with examples of advances in technology overrunning the ability of societal organizations to efficiently handle the resulting massive societal dislocations. The social impacts of the “Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th Centuries” illustrate how profound such effects can be. The automation-computer-robotics revolution now underway also has the potential for serious societal changes. In this regard public works activities are subject to increasing amounts of automation with impacts upon current and net total employment and training needs. To evaluate the present status of automation in the USA, questionnaires were sent to public works authorities in 110 cities or agencies. The current degree of automation, the impact upon employment and the skills now needed by public works employers were queried. It was found that in most cases automation was just starting; but that as complete automation as was possible was inevitable given the increasing complexity of the tasks, the demands of the public and the long term prospects for public works funding. In many cases the candidates now in the work force were not properly trained for automation needs. Retraining and changes in the educational system appeared necessary if the employees now needed were to be continuously available. Public works management as well as several labor organizations appeared to be aware of this need and were organizing to handle the training problem and the changes in employment qualifications now necessary. It appeared to be a consensus that the larger societal effects of automation should be handled by society as a whole.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Whyman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literate Society

The introduction shows the convergence and intertwining of the Industrial Revolution and the provincial Enlightenment. At the centre of this industrial universe lay Birmingham; and at its centre was Hutton. England’s second city is described in the mid-eighteenth century, and Hutton is used as a lens to explore the book’s themes: the importance of a literate society shared by non-elites; the social category of ‘rough diamonds’; how individuals responded to economic change; political participation in industrial towns; shifts in the modes of authorship; and an analysis of social change. The strategy of using microhistory, biography, and the history of the book is discussed, and exciting new sources are introduced. The discovery that self-education allowed unschooled people to participate in literate society renders visible people who were assumed to be illiterate. This suggests that eighteenth-century literacy was greater than statistics based on formal schooling indicate.

Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Disability History ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western View

Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.

scholarly journals On the Short Time Scale Evolutionary History of the Contact Binary VW Cephei

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
I. Pustylnik
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Flare Activity ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contact Binary ◽  
Elongation Phase ◽  
Short Time

We study the short-time evolutionary history of the well-known contact binary VW Cep. Our analysis is based partly on the numerous UBV lightcurves obtained at Tartu Observatory, IUE spectra, and samples from the published data. Special attention is given to the effects of asymmetry of the light curves. A higher degree of asymmetry outside the eclipses along with the significant displacements of the brightness maxima in respect to the elongation phase is interpreted as evidence that a considerable portion of the flaring source is concentrated close to the neck connecting the components. We discuss the nature of asymmetry in terms of possible mass exchange and the flare activity and compare the results of our model computations with the record of orbital period variations over the last 60 years.

scholarly journals “Industrious Revolution” Revisited: A Variety of Diligence Derived from a Long-Term Local History of Kuta in Kyô-Otagi, a Former County in Japan

Histories ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Satoshi Murayama ◽  
Hiroko Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
History Of

Jan de Vries revised Akira Hayami’s original theory of the “Industrious Revolution” to make the idea more applicable to early modern commercialization in Europe, showcasing the development of the rural proletariat and especially the consumer revolution and women’s emancipation on the way toward an “Industrial Revolution.” However, Japanese villages followed a different path from the Western trajectory of the “Industrious Revolution,” which is recognized as the first step to industrialization. This article will explore how a different form of “industriousness” developed in Japan, covering medieval, early modern, and modern times. It will first describe why the communal village system was established in Japan and how this unique institution, the self-reliance system of a village, affected commercialization and industrialization and was sustained until modern times. Then, the local history of Kuta Village in Kyô-Otagi, a former county located close to Kyoto, is considered over the long term, from medieval through modern times. Kuta was not directly affected by the siting of new industrial production bases and the changes brought to villages located nearer to Kyoto. A variety of diligent interactions with living spaces is introduced to demonstrate that the industriousness of local women was characterized by conscience-driven perseverance.

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