scholarly journals Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm Combined with Bipolar Sigmoid Function to Measure Open Unemployment Rate in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjar Wanto ◽  
Irfan Sudahri Damanik ◽  
Indra Gunawan ◽  
Eka Irawan ◽  
Heru Satria Tambunan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Levenberg Marquardt ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Stages

The purpose of this research is to see how much open unemployment rate according to the highest education completed in the country of Indonesia for subsequent years through predictions used on the basis of existing data, which later as input for the government so that the government can make better policies to suppress the unemployment rate. This research uses artificial neural network application using a combination of Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm with bipolar sigmoid function. Open unemployment data according to the highest education is sourced from the National Labor Force Survey of the Republic of Indonesia, 2013-2017 in each semester. The data processing consists of two stages where the first phase of pattern recognition and the second stage is predicted. Pattern recognition and prediction use different data from the same process that uses data training and data testing. Data Training year 2013-2015 with a target of 2016, while data testing year 2014-2016 with the target year 2017. Architectural model used there are five, among others 6-2-5-2, 6-5-6-2, 6- 5-8-2, 6-5-10-2 and 6-8-12-2. From the 5 models, it can be concluded that the best model is 6-5-10-2 with the epoch of 13 iterations, MSE in February 0.0109696004, MSE in August 0.0233797200. While the accuracy rate in February and August is the same, that is equal to 88%.

scholarly journals How to Reduce the Unemployment and the Poverty in Djibouti: Another Alternative

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elmi ◽  
Ibrahim Robleh
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
The World ◽  
National Initiative ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The Unemployment and the poverty are problems which exist throughout in the world. Many methodologies and policies are proposed in the literature for defeating them. The Republic of Djibouti is among these countries which has the problems of the unemployment and the poverty. For fighting the unemployment and the poverty, the government of Djibouti takes many initiatives such as the Strategic Document for Reducing the Poverty (SDRP) in 2003 and National Initiative of Social Development (NISD) in 2007 and created agencies for promoting the entrepreneurships. Despite of all these measures, the unemployment and the poverty rate still remain high critical level. In this paper, we propose another alternative: the classification of unemployed persons, the creation of service industries by structuring the informal jobs and a manner to create manufacturing industries.Our proposed methodology allows the reducing of the unemployment rate of order 6% (six percent) and if we apply it on all informal jobs in Djibouti, the unemployment rate will decrease of order 20% at 25% (twenty to twenty five percent). We also discuss how to update the used measures till today.

scholarly journals A Joint Optimization of Momentum Item and Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm to Level Up the BPNN’s Generalization Ability

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xiao ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Xinghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Descent Method ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Gradient Descent Method ◽  
Trend Prediction ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Levenberg Marquardt

Back propagation neural network (BPNN) as a kind of artificial neural network is widely used in pattern recognition and trend prediction. For standard BPNN, it has many drawbacks such as trapping into local optima, oscillation, and long training time. Because training the standard BPNN is based on gradient descent method, and the learning rate is fixed. Momentum item and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm are two ways to adjust the weights among the neurons and improve the BPNN’s performance. However, there is still much space to improve the two algorithms. The hybrid optimization of damping factor of LM and the dynamic momentum item is proposed in this paper. The improved BPNN is validated by Fisher Iris data and wine data. Then, it is used to predict the visit_spend. The database is provided by Dunnhumby's Shopper Challenge. Compared with the other two improved BPNNs, the proposed method gets a better performance. Therefore, the proposed method can be used to do the pattern recognition and time series prediction more effectively.

scholarly journals The Impact of Youth Unemployment Due To Work Experience Required by Business Houses, Lusaka Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Ananda Kumar Aroumougame
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Local Flexibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Research papers looking deep into the causes of youth unemployment focus not only on the causes but solutions of the unemployment rate in Lusaka Zambia. The government of Zambia recognizes these challenges and has pledged to increase employment in general, and employment for youth in particular. So far, however, his initiative has not made the needed difference. Often in business life young people are not given the opportunity or opportunity to express their abilities in relation to the skills they have acquired while in college. This study uses quantitavie method. Result The Government of the Republic of Zambia has in many cases talked about reducing the unemployment rate but the question is what has been done about it? More local flexibility in the design and implementation of policies to address youth unemployment could solve this problem. Participation in work operations results in gains in employment as income in the post-program period and decreases in welfare and unemployment receipts and payments. This positive effect persists at a relatively stable level for up to four years after youth leave the program.

Kewenangan Pemerintah Menerapkan Sanksi terhadap Pelaku Distorsi Pasar Berdasar Maqāsid al-Syarī‘ah

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Jabbar Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Basic Goods ◽  
Market Distortion ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Stages

The act of speculators distorting the market is quite unsettling. However, the Sharia texts show that this problem can be resolved using moral or akhlāqī. Then the question is whether the present government can overcome it by using qadā'īe imposing sanctions for distortion. Since the nature of Sharia is the universal and eternal, this issue must be answered comprehensively and holistically. For that reason, the maqāsid approach is operated with istislāhiyyah method. This method is also referred to as al-ijtihād al-maqās}idī which is done in two stages, namely takhrīj al-manāt and tahqīq al-manāt. It is believed that this method is quite relevant to answer two research questions. Firstly, how is maqās}id al-syar'ah in terms of market distortion? Secondly, does the government in syar'i be authorized to impose sanctions on the perpetrators of market distortion? The theory used to highlight this issue is the theory of al-wāzi' put forward by Ibn ‘Āsyūr. This conclu that the Sharia wants the circulation of goods in the market run smoothly. To that end, the government may impose sanctions if the distortion is done to the basic goods that can affect massively harm.

Recommendations of The Ombudsman’s Dilemma: Between Law Enforcement Officials and Protection of Credibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dyah Adriantini Sintha Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Oversight Body

The Ombudsman as an external oversight body for official performance, in Fikih Siyasah (constitutionality in Islam) is included in the supervision stipulated in legislation (al-musahabah al-qomariyah). Supervision is done so that public service delivery to the community is in accordance with the rights of the community. This is done because in carrying out its duties, officials are very likely to conduct mal administration, which is bad public services that cause harm to the community. The Ombudsman is an institution authorized to resolve the mal administration issue, in which one of its products is by issuing a recommendation. Although Law No. 37 of 2018 on the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia states that the recommendation is mandatory, theombudsman's recommendations have not been implemented. This is due to differences in point of view, ie on the one hand in the context of law enforcement, but on the other hand the implementation of the recommendation is considered as a means of opening the disgrace of officials. Recommendations are the last alternative of Ombudsman's efforts to resolve the mal administration case, given that a win-win solution is the goal, then mediation becomes the main effort. This is in accordance with the condition of the Muslim majority of Indonesian nation and prioritizes deliberation in resolving dispute. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the community and officials related to the implementation of the Ombudsman's recommendations in order to provide good public services for the community, which is the obligation of the government.

A Call for Public Participation in the Treaty-making Process in South Africa: What can South Africa Learn from the Kingdom of Thailand?

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retselisitsoe Phooko
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Personal Jurisdiction

On 2 August 2002 South Africa signed the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Protocol on Tribunal and the Rules of Procedure Thereof, thus effectively recognising and accepting the jurisdiction of the SADC Tribunal. Among the cases received by the SADC Tribunal was a complaint involving allegations of human rights violations by the government of Zimbabwe. It ruled that the government of Zimbabwe had violated human rights. Consequently, Zimbabwe mounted a politico-legal challenge against the existence of the Tribunal. This resulted in the review of the role and functions of the Tribunal in 2011 which resulted in the Tribunal being barred from receiving new cases or proceeding with the cases that were already before it. Furthermore, on 18 August 2014, the SADC Summit adopted and signed the 2014 Protocol on the Tribunal in the SADC which disturbingly limits personal jurisdiction by denying individual access to the envisaged Tribunal, thus reducing it to an inter-state judicial forum. This article critically looks at the decision of 18 August 2014, specifically the legal implications of the Republic of South Africa’s signing of the 2014 Protocol outside the permissible procedure contained in article 37 of the SADC Protocol on the Tribunal. It proposes that South Africa should correct this democratic deficit by introducing public participation in treaty-making processes in order to prevent a future situation where the executive unilaterally withdraws from an international treaty that is meant to protect human rights at a regional level. To achieve this, this article makes a comparative study between South Africa and the Kingdom of Thailand to learn of any best practices from the latter.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

Land Reform in Zimbabwe: a Balance of Political Expediency and Economic Inevitability?

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Lyubov Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Union Leader ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Region ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
National Union ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article considers the political aspect of land reform in the Republic of Zimbabwe. The problem of land reform has been one of the crucial ones in the history of this African country, which celebrated 40 years of independence on April 18, 2020. In recent decades, it has been constantly in the spotlight of political and electoral processes. The land issue was one of the key points of the political program from the very beginning of Robert Mugabe’s reign in 1980. The political aspect of land reform began to manifest itself clearly with the growth of the opposition movement in the late 1990s. In 2000–2002 the country implemented the Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP), the essence of which was the compulsory acquisition of land from white owners without compensation. The expropriation of white farmers’ lands in the 2000s led to a serious reconfiguration of land ownership, which helped to maintain in power the ruling party, the African National Union of Zimbabwe – Patriotic Front (ZANU – PF). The government was carrying out its land reform in the context of a sharp confrontation with the opposition, especially with the Party for the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), led by trade union leader Morgan Tsvangirai. The land issue was on the agenda of all the election campaigns (including the elections in July 2018); this fact denotes its politicization, hence the timeliness of this article. The economic and political crisis in Zimbabwe in the 2000–2010s was the most noticeable phenomenon in the South African region. The analysis of foreign and domestic sources allows us to conclude that the accelerated land reform served as one of its main triggers. The practical steps of the new Zimbabwean president, Mr. Emmerson Mnangagwa, indicate that he is aware of the importance of resolving land reform-related issues for further economic recovery. At the beginning of March 2020, the government adopted new regulations defining the conditions for compensation to farmers. On April 18, 2020, speaking on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the independence of Zimbabwe, Mr. E. Mnangagwa stated that the land reform program remains the cornerstone of the country’s independence and sovereignty.

K.H. Abdul Halim dan Gagasan Pendidikan Ekonomi Berbasis Pesantren

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
West Java ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economics And Politics

This paper discusses the biography of K.H. Abdul Halim, a cleric, educator, political activist, a national hero, who was born in Jatiwangi, Majalengka, West Java on June 26, 1887 and died on May 7, 1962, in a peaceful and quiet place, Santi Asromo, Majalengka. The title of the National Hero from the Government of Indonesia was granted on the basis of his important roles in education, economics and politics. Among his legacy are the religious educational institutions, namely Santi Asromo Pesantren, the religious organization of the Islamic Ummah Union (PUI), and several books such as the Kitab Petunjuk bagi Sekalian Manusia (Manual for Man), Ekonomi dan Koperasi dalam Islam (Economics and Cooperative in Islam), dan Ketetapan Pengajaran di Sekolah Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama (The Teaching Decrees at Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama School). His biography is a manifestation of appreciation for his services and works, his struggle and his devotion to science and people, as well as his role and contribution in building the nation of Indonesia with noble character and dignity. Another milestone of his is the value of the struggle and at the same time his Islamic scholarship can be an example for the younger generation in particular and for anyone who aspires to build a nation of Indonesia which is based on the Belief in One God, fair and civilized, united in the context of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Keywords: Kiai, Education, Pesantren, Majalengka, West Java Tulisan ini mengangkat biografi K.H. Abdul Halim dan gagasannya tentang pendidikan ekonomi di pesantren. Ia memiliki nama kecil Otong Syatori, dikenal sebagai ulama pejuang, pendidik, dan aktivis politik. Ia dilahirkan di Desa Ciborelang, Kecamatan Jatiwangi, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada 26 Juni 1887, dan wafat dalam usia 75 tahun pada 7 Mei 1962, di Santi Asromo, Majalengka. Ia mendapat gelar Pahlawan Nasional dari Pemerintah RI tahun 2008. Perjuangannya meliputi pendidikan, ekonomi, dan politik. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif-analitis dengan perspektif historis. Adapun fokusnya, selain biog¬rafi singkat K.H. Abdul Halim, juga tentang konsep pendidikan eko¬no¬mi berbasis pesantren. Dari hasil pembahasan ditemukan bahwa ia telah melakukan pembaharuan di bidang pendidikan agama dan sekaligus memberikan keterampilan kewirausahaan bagi santri dan lulusannya. Awalnya gagasan tersebut berasal dari konsep pembaharuannya yang disebut Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, yaitu: perbaikan akidah, ibadah, pendidikan, keluarga, kebiasaan (adat), masyarakat, ekonomi, dan hubungan umat dan tolong-menolong. Di bidang pendidikan, ia memadukan sistem pesantren dengan sistem sekolah, ilmu-ilmu agama dengan ilmu-ilmu umum, serta memberkali para santrinya dengan berbagai keterampilan tangan dan keahlian teknik. Di bidang ekonomi, disebutnya dengan Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād, untuk menanggulangi ketimpangan ekonomi di masyarakat, yaitu dengan menanamkan kesadaran kepada kaum muslimin agar berusaha memperbai¬ki dan meningkatkan kehidupan ekonominya dan berjuang secara bersama-sama melalui wadah koperasi. Kata kunci: Abdul Halim, Santi Asromo, pendidikan ekonomi, Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād

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