scholarly journals The Relation of Environmental Factors to the Task Difficulty in Word Problems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Daroczy ◽  
Benjamin Fauth ◽  
Krzysztof Cipora ◽  
Detmar Meurers ◽  
Hans-Christoph Nuerk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Word Problems ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Arithmetic Operation ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Activation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Solution Accuracy

An important part of any math curriculum is solving word problems. Such problems are particularly difficult for many students. It has been shown that the difficulty of word problems arises from the characteristics of the problems themselves (e.g., arithmetic and linguistic characteristics) and the solver. However, very little is known about how the environmental factor teaching quality (i.e., cognitive activation, supportive climate and classroom management) influences successful solution of word problems. Therefore, in a sample of 387 5th and 6th grade students we measured ability to solve word problems in such a way that we independently manipulated the linguistic (lexical consistency and nominalization) and arithmetic (operation and carry/borrow) complexity. Individual characteristics (intelligence, motivation, mathematical and reading skill, socio-economic status) was also measured. The results showed that both individual capability and environmental factors influenced word problem performance. Intelligence, reading and mathematical skills positively influenced the overall accuracy. In the face of nominalization, the teaching quality scales “cognitive activation” and “supportive climate” were associated with higher solution accuracy of problems with greater reading difficulty. These results provide evidence for the importance of environmental factors, and not only individual factors, on performance on linguistically demanding word problems.

scholarly journals Teaching Quality and Students' EFL Achievements in Ethiopia: Analysis From the Perspective of the Basic Dimensions of Teaching Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1145
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste M.B. SANFO ◽  
Inoussa MALGOUBRI
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Student Support ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Activation ◽  
High Achieving Students ◽  
Dimensions Of Teaching

Teaching quality is important for students’ English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Achievements. The three basic dimensions of teaching quality (student support, classroom management, and cognitive activation) showed effectiveness in some subjects in developed countries, but there is very little investigation on its effectiveness in developing ones. Using hierarchical linear modeling and re-centered influence function regression, this study investigates the extent to which the three basic dimensions of teaching quality affect students’ EFL achievements and how much the effect varies across achievement distributions in the context of Ethiopia. Findings reveal that classroom management does not affect students’ EFL achievements and this is consistent across achievement distributions. However, cognitive activation positively affects students’ EFL learning achievements and the effect is consistent across the distribution of achievements. Similarly, student support affects students’ EFL achievements positively, but its effect is higher for high-achieving students. Implications of the findings were discussed.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Multivariate Analysis in Genetic Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Susanne
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biometrical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generalized Distances ◽  
Sib Pairs

SummaryThe results are presented of a method of generalized distances calculated by a noncentral χ2 test and applied to compare 63 twin pairs and 196 sib pairs. The advantage of this method in biometrical analysis lies in the fact that several measurements can be utilised simultaneously. Besides, it takes into account the distance of each relative to the centre of the population and also has the advantage of permitting the comparison of distances between pairs of relatives whatever their age or sex.Generalized distances were calculated for four measurements of the head, five of the body and eleven of the face. For all three sets of measurements the influence of genetical factors was demonstrated. The body seems less influenced by environmental factors and more conditioned by genetic ones.

Algorithm for computing the connectivity in planar kinematic chains and its application

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622098050
Author(s):  
Wenjian Yang ◽  
Huafeng Ding ◽  
Andres Kecskemethy
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mobility Matrix ◽  
Connectivity Constraint

The number of synthesized kinematic chains usually is too large to evaluate individual characteristics of each chain. The concept of connectivity is useful to classify the kinematic chains. In this paper, an algorithm is developed to automatically compute the connectivity matrix in planar kinematic chains. The main work is to compute two intermediate parameters, namely the minimum mobility matrix and the minimum distance matrix. The algorithm is capable of dealing with both simple-jointed and multiple-jointed kinematic chains. The present work can be used to automatically determine kinematic chains satisfying the required connectivity constraint, and is helpful for the creative design of mechanisms. The practical application is illustrated by taking the face-shovel hydraulic excavator for instance.

Mandible: evaluation of its morphology, aging process and sexual dimorphism for aesthetic treatment purpose

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Toledo Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Fractional Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Quality ◽  
Base Of The Skull

The mandible is the most important bone structure of the facial makeup. Its morphology differs with respect to genetic factors, sexual dimorphism, and age. Among its particular characteristics is the ability to adapt with its counterpart, the base of the skull, conferring a dynamic quality of this bone, by the mechanism of constant remodeling. In order to understand the involvement of the mandible in the evaluation of the lower third of the face, a fractional analysis of its parts is necessary considering morphological parameters of the mandibular angle. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of the mandible as an instrument in the analysis of the lower third of the face, allowing the accomplishment of aesthetic treatment, respecting the individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Positive Classroom Management: Effects of Disruption Management Climate on Behaviour and Satisfaction with Teacher // Clima positivo de gestión del aula: efectos del clima de gestión de la disrupción en el comportamiento y en la satisfacción con el profesorado

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Simón ◽  
Jesús Alonso-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Disruption Management ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
School Students ◽  
Study Analyse ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceived Change

This study analyse the role of disruption management strategies and its effects, in interaction with the classroom motivational climate (CMC), on the decrease of disruptive behaviour and on the perception of teaching quality. For this purpose, the Disruption Management Climate Questionnaire (DMCQ) was developed. A total of 827 Secondary-School students formed the sample. To validate the DMCQ, confirmatory factor and regression analyses were realised. Children’s attribution to teacher’s coping strategies of decrease in disruptive behaviour, and of perceived change in satisfaction with teacher’s work as an index of teaching quality, were used as external criteria. Results support hypotheses related to DMCQ structure, and to its role as predictor of the degree of disruption decrease, but not the hypothesis related to satisfaction with teachers’ work, that depends mainly on CMC. These results underlie the importance of acting on DMCQ and CMC components to favour the teacher practices.

scholarly journals The Effects of Environmental Modifications on Improving the Sleep Quality of the Elderly Hospitalized in the Cardiac Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Shohani ◽  
Sanaz Azami ◽  
Hossein Seidkhani ◽  
Zeinab Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Cardiac Care Unit

Background: Sleep deprivation is a common problem among the elderly in the cardiac care unit (CCU). Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of environmental modifications on sleep quality improvement in these people. Methods: The study population included 60 elderly patients whose sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with even domains. The environmental factors that can disturb sleep quality were determined via a questionnaire, including 13 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 22 software via independent sample student t-test and chi-square. Results: After environmental modifications, the total sleep quality scores changed from 11.8 to 5.96, indicating sleep quality improvement. Before executing the environmental modifications, there were no significant correlations between sleep quality scores and demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, and economic status). However, after the modifications, there was a significant relationship between sleep quality and economic status (P = 0.024). Conclusions: Environmental factors can affect sleep quality in the elderly hospitalized in CCU. Therefore, it is possible to improve sleep quality in these individuals by modulating environmental conditions.

Examining Forward and Backward Linkages between Public and Private Investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Amaresh Das ◽  
Kamal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
The Face ◽  
Forward Linkage ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Backward Linkages

Proper working of forward and backward linkages between the public and private investments in the face of balanced development of an economy is an already established fact in the literature of development economics.The present article is aimed at examining the working of these two linkage effects upon the economies of 24 countries in different economic status: whether public capital is more productive than private capital and finally to test whether public investments crowd-in or crowd-out the private investments for the period 1988–2013. The results show that, for the entire period, forward linkage has worked for Spain, Senegal and Ecuador and backward linkages worked for United States of America, United Kingdom, Thailand, South Africa, Nigeria, Cambodia, Rwanda and Paraguay. Both forward and backward linkages have happened for Ireland, China, India, Brazil and Peru. For the second objective, the numbers of instances of the income-generative capacities of both types of investments are a few in the entire as well pre-crisis phases unlike that of the post-crisis phase. And the results of the third objective show that there are the maximum instances in favour of crowding-in effects from either private to public or from public to private in all the time phases and a few instances in crowding-out effects. JEL: O18, H54, E22, E01

The paradox of student engagement and policy-led measures of teaching excellence

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Pickup
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Teaching Quality ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Teaching Excellence ◽  
National Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

The level of student engagement is often seen as an indicator of quality in discourses concerning the higher-education student experience.  This opinion piece explores the inherent tensions in promoting and facilitating student engagement within the evolving Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) landscape.  Many institutions expend energy - and in some cases significant resource - upon the development of student-engagement projects, whether through ‘partnership’, ‘change agent’ or ‘producer’ models.   But what happens when the level of student engagement is high, yet runs in direct opposition to the form of student engagement best suited to blunt measures of ‘quality’ within prevailing policy frameworks?    The TEF, with its reliance on National Student Survey (NSS) data, assumes that engaged students will comply with requirements to complete a survey without critiquing the principles on which the survey and its central link to the TEF-based judgement of teaching quality are founded. The present National Union of Students boycott of the NSS is provided as an example of student engagement that runs counter to the intentions of national policy and to some institutional necessities. In the face of such challenges, institutions could decide to eschew their commitment to student engagement. However, a strengthening of commitment to student engagement is called for, in keeping with constructivist approaches to teaching and learning and in valuing the worth of reflexive deliberations of all those involved – including those who express dissatisfaction. 

scholarly journals Effects of Individual and Environmental Factors on GPS-Based Time Allocation in Urban Microenvironments Using GIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Dėdelė ◽  
Auksė Miškinytė ◽  
Irma Česnakaitė ◽  
Regina Gražulevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Time-activity patterns are an essential part of personal exposure assessment to various environmental factors. People move through different environments during the day and they have different daily activity patterns which are significantly influenced by individual characteristics and the residential environment. In this study, time spent in different microenvironments (MEs) were assessed for 125 participants for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the impact of individual characteristics on time-activity patterns in Kaunas, Lithuania. The data were collected with personal questionnaires and diaries. The global positioning system (GPS) sensor integrated into a smartphone was used to track daily movements and to assess time-activity patterns. The study results showed that behavioral and residential greenness have a statistically significant impact on time spent indoors. These results underline the high influence of the individual characteristics and environmental factors on time spent indoors, which is an important determinant for exposure assessment and health impact assessment studies.

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