scholarly journals Framing mental health questions using context better predicts disability than does frequency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudh Krishnakumar ◽  
MAURICIO SCOPEL HOFFMANN ◽  
Felix Schoeller ◽  
Jonathan Charles Clucas ◽  
Jake Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Adverbial Phrase

Most mental health questionnaires only probe behavior and emotion over one domain (e.g., frequency) by using an adverbial phrase such as 'How often...?'. This single-domain approach to behavior sampling may limit the scope of psychiatric evidence that these instruments can capture. We investigated whether adding domains such as intensity, duration, ability and context to mental health survey instruments garner responses that better characterize or measure relevant symptoms or behaviors, testing its association with relevant outcomes. We tested whether our multidomain instrument could be associated with hospitalization, self-harm, education, and disability. 1,504 participants took an augmented version of the SWAN questionnaire (‘SWAN+’), where 4 domains were added to the ability domain already present (frequency, duration, intensity, and context). First, we used structural equation models and the tri-factor modelling to analyze if the latent construct of domains was independently associated with the outcomes. Our results suggest that adding domains such as frequency and context could help characterize disability beyond the domain originally probed by the SWAN questionnaire. Different domains had different predictive effects across outcomes measured in the study. We also complemented results from the tri-factor modelling with a more classical approach, by performing regressions on the summed scores on each domain and the entire scale, adjusted by age and gender. Second, analyses were performed to identify the best predictor domain within each question to predict disability. Significant results were found for the ability and context domains on practically all questions (p<0.001), revealing that they are important for almost all questions, whereas frequency is predictive for only a subset of them. This confirmed the results of the tri-factor analysis demonstrating the clinical utility of our findings. It also indicated that context is more predictive than frequency, that ability and context should be uniformly applied, and that the ubiquitous frequency phrasing is not uniformly as informative in our study.Overall, our results suggest that the ‘multidomain’ approach to questionnaires may improve inferences about mental health and predictions of functional outcomes. Framing questions using appropriate and relevant domains seems critical to measure psychopathology adequately, as opposed to asking solely about the frequency or recurrence of any given symptom.

scholarly journals Maternal employment and gender role attitudes: dissonance among British men and women in the transition to parenthood

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Schober ◽  
Jacqueline Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economic Constraints

This study examines how changes in gender role attitudes of couples after childbirth relate to women’s paid work and the type of childcare used. Identifying attitude-practice dissonances matters because how they get resolved influences mothers’ future employment. Previous research examined changes in women’s attitudes and employment, or spouses’ adaptations to each others’ attitudes. This is extended by considering how women and men in couples simultaneously adapt to parenthood in terms of attitude and behavioural changes and by exploring indirect effects of economic constraints. Structural equation models and regression analysis based on the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2007) are applied. The results suggest that less traditional attitudes among women and men are more likely in couples where women’s postnatal labour market participation and the use of formal childcare contradict their traditional prenatal attitudes. Women’s prenatal earnings have an indirect effect on attitude change of both partners through incentives for maternal employment.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Mental Health During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pinedo ◽  
Isabel Vicario-Molina ◽  
Eva González Ortega ◽  
Andrés Palacios Picos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
And Gender

The COVID-19 disease has forced governments to adopt exceptional measures. The lockdown decreed in Spain in 2020 required citizens to stay confined at home, which might have affected their mental health. The objective is to identify factors that influenced adults' mental health during this period. A sample of 3,508 adults from the Spanish general population completed an online survey that collected sociodemographic data and information about daily planning and activities, healthy habits, loneliness, coping humor and mental health. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. According to the results, the proposed model showed good fit values, and latent variables explained 30% of the variance in mental health. Loneliness, coping humor, healthy habits, age and gender had a significant weight in the prediction of mental health during lockdown. Area of residence, number of days of confinement and number of people in the household were not related to mental health. This study addresses the effect of COVID-19 and social distancing measures by identifying risk and protective factors for the development of mental health difficulties. There is a need to target specific and early interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological impact of the pandemic while increasing well-being, especially in more vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Impact of acculturation and psychological adjustment on mental health among migrant adolescents in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional questionnaire study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e022712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishuo Shi ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Jennifer Huang Bouey ◽  
Yanwei Lin ◽  
Li Ling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Migrant Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the pathway and associations among acculturation (ie, language, social interaction and lifestyle), psychological adjustment and mental health of internal migrant adolescents in China.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingSix private migrant junior high schools located in Tianhe and Baiyun districts in Guangzhou were chosen as the study sites.ParticipantsA total of 1122 migrant adolescents aged 11–17 years old completed the study.Main outcome measuresMental health was measured by using the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and major depression disorder (MDD) in a Brief Child and Family Phone Interview. Acculturation and psychological adjustment were measured by a self-designed and verified questionnaire. Multiple regression models and structural equation models were performed to analyse the association among acculturation, psychological adjustment and mental health while controlling for participant demographic characteristics.ResultsThe average MDD score for boys was 8.78 (SD=2.17) and for girls was 8.56 (SD=2.22), while the average SASC score for boys was 14.67 (SD=3.72) and for girls was 13.41 (SD=4.01). Psychological adjustment had a direct positive effect on MDD (p<0.001, β=0.30) and SASC (p<0.001, β=0.28), and it was the key variable fully mediating the impact of acculturation components on MDD and partly mediating the impact of acculturation on SASC, whereas lifestyle showed a direct negative effect (p=0.003, β=−0.17) on SASC. Of the three acculturation components, lifestyle had the strongest influence on psychological adjustment (p<0.001, β=0.37 and 0.51), followed by social interaction (p<0.001, β=0.24 and 0.13) and language (p<0.001, β=0.17 and 0.11).ConclusionsThe association between acculturation and the mental health of internal migrant adolescents was complex and could be mediated by psychological adjustment. Interventions such as promoting local language and social interaction are needed to enhance psychological adjustment and further improve the mental health of migrant adolescents.

scholarly journals Hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among school-aged adolescents during term time versus holidays in England: weekly time series and retrospective cross-sectional analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Blackburn ◽  
Omotomilola Ajetunmobi ◽  
Louise Mc Grath-Lone ◽  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Roz Shafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background Schools are a potential stressor for adolescents and may contribute to emergency hospital admissions. Aims We describe rates of stress-related presentations (SRPs) among school-aged adolescents (11–17 years) during school terms and holidays, and explore differences by age and gender. Method Using national administrative hospital data, we defined an SRP as an emergency hospital admission with a primary diagnosis related to pain, psychosomatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue) or mental health problems, or with self-harm indicated in any diagnostic position. We estimated incidence rate ratios for weekly SRPs in term time versus holidays from 2014–2015 to 2017–2018, using negative binomial regression models, stratified by age and gender. We estimated the cumulative incidence of any SRP between 11 and 17 years by analysing prior hospital admission histories of adolescents with an SRP in 2017–2018. Results Over the 4-year study period, 305 491 SRPs in 171 013 school-aged adolescents accounted for 31% of emergency admissions for this group. SRPs were predominantly for mental health problems or self-harm (38%), or pain (35%). Weekly admission rates for SRPs were higher in term time than holidays for all ages (age-specific incidence rate ratios were 1.15–1.49 for girls and 1.08–1.60 for boys). Rates were highest for girls aged 14 and 15 years. The estimated cumulative incidence of any SRP between 11 and 17 years was 7.9% for girls and 4.1% for boys. Conclusions Hospital admissions for SRPs are common among adolescents, affecting around two girls and one boy in every classroom. Higher rates in term time than holidays suggest that school factors may contribute.

scholarly journals Obesity and Mental Health: A Longitudinal, Cross-Cultural Examination in Germany and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Lavallee ◽  
Xiao Chi Zhang ◽  
Silvia Schneider ◽  
Jüergen Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Health State ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Male

The present study examines the relationship between obesity and mental health using longitudinal data. Participants with data at baseline and one-year follow-up were included from two countries: Germany (364) and China (9007). A series of structural equation models with three mediators and one moderator were conducted separately for female and male students in Germany and China. Zero-order correlations indicated that overweight/obesity was significantly related to later depression and anxiety in Chinese males. Additional effects of obesity on later mental health flowed through effects on attractiveness (Chinese and German females, and Chinese males), physical health (Chinese males), and life satisfaction (German females). Though overweight/obesity is related to mental health across many other studies, results in this study yield total effects between overweight/obesity and follow-up mental health only in Chinese males. The relationship between overweight/obesity and follow-up mental health was significantly mediated by follow-up attractiveness, or health state, or life satisfaction in German females, Chinese females, and Chinese male students, with no significant indirect effects found in German male students. This highlights the possible importance of culture in examining these effects.

scholarly journals The Unique Mental Impacts of Breast-Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy According to a Multi-Centered Cross Sectional Survey Conducted in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Yuri Hazawa ◽  
Goro Kutomi ◽  
Hiroaki Shima ◽  
Toshio Honma ◽  
Tosei Ohmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Mastectomy Group

Background: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become a fundamental goal of breast cancer management. This study aimed to examine the differences between the QOL outcomes of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. We also established structural equation models for BCS and mastectomy to elucidate their unique effects on QOL.Methods: Between July 2019 and November 2019, 254 patients, who were scheduled to visit one of four clinics, were recruited for this study. We evaluated HRQOL using various questionnaires, such as the BREAST-Q, EQ-5D-5L, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The relationships among the examined clinical indicators were evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The QOL scores of the BCS group were better than those of the mastectomy group (0.85±0.129 vs. 0.81±0.12, P=0.020). Also, anxiety (2.94±2.95 vs. 3.81±3.08, P=0.025) and depression (2.55±2.77 vs. 3.74±3.19, P=0.002) were less severe in the BCS group than in the mastectomy group. Furthermore, the relationships among QOL status and mental health status were more complex in the BCS group than in the mastectomy group (Chi-square minimization p-value: 0.231 vs. 0.469, respectively). Also, depression directly affected QOL in the mastectomy group (R=-0.47), but not in the BCS group.Conclusions: There were differences in QOL and mental health between the BCS and mastectomy groups. SEM is useful for identifying such differences, which can be used to develop strategies for improving QOL.

scholarly journals MOTIVATION TO LEARN, LITERACY, NUMERACY, AND LATER-LIFE ADULT EDUCATION PARTICIPATION IN THE U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S664-S664
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Phyllis Cummins ◽  
Roberto J Millar ◽  
Shalini Sahoo ◽  
Thomas J Smith
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Basic Skills ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the associations between the motivation to learn, basic skills (i.e., literacy and numeracy), and organized formal and non-formal adult education and training (AET) participation among middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. Rapid technological advancement and globalization requires that adults engage in lifelong learning to actively participate in society. However, little is known about the roles of motivation to learn and basic skills in AET participation among aging adults in the U.S. We obtained restricted data from the 2012/2014 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies, and included adults aged 50 years and older (n = 2,580) in the analysis. Structural equation models were used to examine (1) any AET, (2) formal AET and (3) non-formal AET participation as a function of the latent construct of motivation to learn, literacy and numeracy scores (0 – 500), and covariates. Per the confirmatory factor analysis, the motivation to learn latent construct was a valid measure among the older adults. Results from the structural equation models showed that the motivation to learn (b = 0.35, p &lt; 0.05), literacy (b = 0.05, p &lt; 0.05) and numeracy (b = 0.03, p &lt; 0.05) are all positive predictors of non-formal AET participation. However, only motivation to learn (b = 0.47, p &lt; 0.05) is associated with formal AET participation. Findings from this study inform future interventions as well as policy changes to promote specific types of organized AET programs among the aging populations in the U.S.

Acceptance and use of telepsychology from patients’ perspective: perceived advantages and barriers (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sora ◽  
Ruben Nieto ◽  
Adrian Montesano del Campo ◽  
Manuel Armayones
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Utaut Model ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Patients Acceptance

BACKGROUND Telepsychology is currently incorporated in clinical practice, being offered in most psychotherapy centers. However, there seems to be a remarkable discrepancy between the offer, or interest in, and real-world uptake of e-mental health interventions among the population. A critical precondition is patients’ willingness to accept and use telepsychology, although this issue has thus far been overlooked in research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine patients’ acceptance and use of telepsychology by adopting an extended UTAUT model that integrates perceived telepsychology advantages and barriers, usefulness perceptions, behavioral intention and telepsychology use. METHODS An online survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 514 subjects. Structural equation models were computed to test a mediation model. RESULTS Results supported the UTAUT model to explain patients’ acceptance and use of telepsychology. They showed a causal chain in which perceived telepsychology advantages and barriers were related to telepsychology use through the perceived usefulness of and intention to use telepsychology. CONCLUSIONS Telepsychology use may be explained according to the UTAUT model when coupled with patients’ perceptions of telepsychology advantages and barriers. Mental health stakeholders could consider these factors in order to increase the acceptance and use of telepsychology.

Disrupting Personal (In)Security? The Role of Ride-Hailing Service Features, Commute Strategies, and Gender in Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Scholl ◽  
Daniel Oviedo ◽  
Orlando Sabogal-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
And Gender

This paper sheds light on the personal security dimension of ride-hailing from a gender perspective. We explore how features of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) services affect riders perceptions of security when commuting in ride-hailing services, and how general perceptions of fear of crime shape the way people value such features. Moreover, we analyze the strategies women and men are using to enhance their own security in ride-hailing and factors influencing these strategies. We conducted a survey of users of the TNC DiDi in Mexico City. The statistical methods used are structural equation models SEM and ordered logit models OLOGIT. Results show that women are more likely to value the information made available by ride-hailing applications (e.g., knowing your location or knowing driver information) and the presence of a panic button. The value given to information also increases if a person feels insecure in the streets, in a public transit station or in public transit. People who perceive higher insecurity in the streets have increased positive perceptions of the possibility of travelling without transfers. We also find that women are 64.4% less likely to share ride-hailing trips (pooling) and 2.14 times more likely to share details of their trips through their cellphones.

APPLICATION OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS TO ESTIMATE ONE PERSONALITY TRAIT FROM OTHERS WITH PARENTAL MENTAL HEALTH AS A LATENT VARIABLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Alka Sabharwal ◽  
Babita Goyal ◽  
Nidhi Arora Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Parental Mental Health ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
P Values

Introduction: Adolescence is a transformational but vulnerable age.Personality starts taking shape at this age and the traits developed during this phase are likely to remain with a person for the whole life. Afavourable atmosphere at home and surroundings play a pivotal role in development in different dimensions of personality. Lack of a support system may result in some psychiatric disorders among adolescents which might needs to be addressed. Eysenck personality questionnaire is a psychiatric tool to assess various dimensions of personality. Methods: Structural equation models with two and three layers were applied to estimate personality traits as identied by Eysenck personality questionnaire on two groups of adolescents: (i) The 'Control' group whose parents were not reported any psychiatric disorder; and (ii) the 'Case' group whose parent(s) were suffering from some psychiatric disorder as diagnosed by DSM-IV. Results: The conventional three-layer model for 'Control' group estimated 'Psychoticism' directly by 'Lie-scale' and indirectly by 'Extraversion' with p-values < 0.05. The two-layered model yielded no signicant difference between the base and the proposed model for 'Control' and 'Case' group as p-values were more than 0.05. The variability of Neuroticism was estimated up to 63.6% by a linear combination of Psychoticism, Lie-scale and Gender in Layer 1 of the model for the 'Control' group. Conclusion: In this study either through the conventional three-layer model or the proposed two-layer models, we concluded that some information about one dimension can be extracted from the other dimension with EPQ even if the correlation is not signicant. Also, the proposed two-layer model established the effect of gender at 10% level of signicance in case of 'Control' group. Psychoticism and Neuroticism mean scores were higher for the 'Case' groups than those for the 'Control' group thus establishing the effect of parental mental health on adolescents' personality

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