scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the way people recreate outdoors: Preliminary report on a national survey of outdoor enthusiasts amid the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Rice ◽  
Caleb Meyer ◽  
Ben Lawhon ◽  
B. Derrick Taff ◽  
Tim Mateer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Natural World ◽  
World Health ◽  
State University ◽  
Leave No Trace ◽  
Academic Partner ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Recreation Use ◽  
The Way

On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The pandemic is rapidly altering daily life and leading to changes in the way we spend time outside. In an effort to gather timely and relevant data on national recreation patterns, before, during, and after the pandemic, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics worked quickly with its academic partner, Pennsylvania State University, to offer guidance to land managers, recreation providers, and outdoor enthusiasts across the country. In total, 1,012 outdoor recreationists were surveyed through the Leave No Trace community in a 48-hour window beginning on the morning of April 9th. Our hope is that the results of this rapid assessment will provide valuable information for managing the changing recreation use of public lands, predicting spikes in recreation, and offering insight for land managers as they work to protect the natural world. The following tables, figures, and corresponding brief descriptions are intended to provide initial results of this research effort. Further results are forthcoming.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in the outdoor recreation community’s reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic: Final report on a three-phase national survey of outdoor enthusiasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Rice ◽  
Tim Mateer ◽  
B. Derrick Taff ◽  
Ben Lawhon ◽  
Nathan Reigner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Report ◽  
State University ◽  
Leave No Trace ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Academic Partner ◽  
Recreation Use ◽  
Three Phases

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to alter daily life and lead to changes in the way we spend time outside. In an effort to gather timely and relevant data on national recreation patterns, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics and its academic partner, Pennsylvania State University, have been working to conduct a study that can offer guidance to land managers, recreation providers, and outdoor enthusiasts across the United States. Through three phases of survey-based data collection, ranging from April 9th to May 21st, 2020, a longitudinal perspective of how outdoor recreationists are reacting to the COVID-19 pandemic was developed from this research. The timing of this research was purposeful, as it intended to capture self-reported information related to outdoor recreation and COVID-19 during periods of time when the virus had been officially documented as a pandemic, resulting federal and state stay-at-home orders were implemented across the U.S., and many parks and protected closed or discontinued regular operations. Phases 1 and 2 of this assessment were detailed by previous reports. This report details the findings across all three phases of research. These findings track behaviors, psychosocial determinants of outdoor recreation decision-making, and future intentions across the study period. This report is intended to provide valuable information for managing the changing recreation use of public lands, predicting spikes in recreation, and offering insight for land managers as they work to protect the natural world.The following tables, figures, and corresponding brief descriptions are intended to compare results across the three phases of this research effort.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic continues to change the way people recreate outdoors: A second preliminary report on a national survey of outdoor enthusiasts amid the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Rice ◽  
Tim Mateer ◽  
B. Derrick Taff ◽  
Ben Lawhon ◽  
Nathan Reigner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Leave No Trace ◽  
The Way

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to alter daily life and lead to changes in the way we spend time outside. In an effort to gather timely and relevant data on national recreation patterns before, during, and after the pandemic, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics and its academic partner, Pennsylvania State University, have been working to conduct a study that can offer guidance to land managers, recreation providers, and outdoor enthusiasts across the United States. Phase 1 of this assessment was conducted April 9th – 11th, 2020 (Rice et al., 2020). Phase 2 of this assessment was conducted April 30th – May 2nd. This second phase of research—discussed in this preliminary report— was designed to provide additional information regarding changes in recreation trends since April 9th, which provides valuable information for managing dynamic recreational use on public lands. In total, 823 outdoor recreationists were surveyed through the Leave No Trace community in a 48-hour window beginning on the morning of April 30th. The results of this second rapid assessment—complete with comparisons to Phase 1 data—will provide valuable information for managing the changing recreation use of public lands, predicting spikes in recreation, and offering insight for land managers as they work to protect the natural world.The following tables, figures, and corresponding brief descriptions are intended to provide initial results from Phase 2 of our research effort, with comparisons to Phase 1 when appropriate. Further results are forthcoming.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOLOGY, DOTS AND UNDERSTANDING TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL IN NEPAL

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN HARPER
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Research To Policy ◽  
The Way

This paper argues for the inclusion of ethnography as a research methodology for understanding the effects of public health policy. To do this, the implementation of DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy, Short-course) – the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed policy for the control of the infectious disease tuberculosis – is explored in the context of Nepal. A brief history of DOTS and its implementation in Nepal is outlined, and the way it has been represented by those within the Nepal Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) is described. This is followed by an outline of the research done in relation to this, and the ethnographic methods used. These ethnographic data are then interpreted and analysed in relation to two specific areas of concern. Firstly, the effects around the epidemiological uses of ‘cases’ is explored; it is argued that a tightening of the definitional categories so necessary for the programme to be stabilized for comparative purposes has profound material effects in marginalizing some from treatment. Secondly, the paper examines some of the implications and effects relating to the way that the ‘directly observed’ component was implemented. The discussion explores how current debate on DOTS has been played out in some medical journals. It argues for the importance of ethnography as a method for understanding certain questions that cannot be answered by particular, and increasingly dominant, research ideologies informed by randomized controlled trials. This raises important issues about the nature of ‘evidence’ in debates on the relationship of research to policy.

scholarly journals Nucleated Red Blood Cell in Cord Blood as a Marker of Perinatal Asphyxia

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Piush Kanodia ◽  
Nisha Keshary Bhatta ◽  
Rupa Rajbhandari Singh ◽  
Gauri Shankar Shah ◽  
Shankar Prasad Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Normal Neonates ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common problem with the incidence varying from 0.5 –2% of live births. According to World Health Organization, approximately 4 million babies die each year before they reach the age of one month. The number of NRBC/100 WBC is variable but is rarely greater than 10 in normal neonates. This simple test can be helpful in the rapid assessment of perinatal asphyxia. Material and Methods: This prospective case-control study and there were 82 newborns in Case and 82 newborns in Controls comprising of asphyxiated and nonasphyxiated neonates, respectively, over a period of 12 months. Results: Out of the 82 neonates in case group, fifty nine (59) neonates were found to have NRBC level ≥10/100WBC, out of which 58 (70.7%) were cases and 1(1.2%) was a control. NRBCs count of ≥10/100WBC were seen more in the newborn who had low 5 min Apgar score and in the newborn with severe HIE, these association were statistically significant (P value <0.001). The cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC also found to have a sensitivity of 70.30% with a specificity of 98.78%. NRBC has a positive predictive value of 98.31% with a negative predictive value of 77.14%. Significance and sensitive area for ROC curve was 0.875. The ROC curve was calculated with cut-off NRBC value of ≥10/100WBC.Conclusions: NRBC counts can be very useful to differentiate HIE newborns from non-HIE newborns which will help in appropriate management and better outcome of these newborns.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):264-268

scholarly journals Trauma from abuse, suggestibility and EMDR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Romana Ficorilli
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

One of the most complete definitions of Trauma describes it as an "extreme, unsustainable and inevitable threatening experience, in the face of which the individual experiences a sense of helplessness", an event outside the range of usual human experiences, which overwhelm the normal human capacity for adaptation. A modern and current understanding of the concept of Trauma occurs with Bowlby, which places it for the first time in a "relational" context. He argues that the way people react in adverse life situations, particularly to a traumatic event, depends on the type of attachment that has been established between the child and his attachment figures (AFs). The concept of "child abuse and neglect" includes different forms of violence against children, ranging from verbal abuse to rape. Law 66 of 15 February 1996 introduced specific rules on child sexual abuse, in particular the way of listening to children in order to collect good testimony. The theory that today represents the point of reference for most research on the accuracy of memory in testimony, considers memory a "reconstructive" process, and is the result of the interaction between interpretation that is given by the subject in the coding phase, recovery of clues based on the general knowledge possessed by the subject and the context in which it is in the moment in which it must remember. Loftus' studies on false memories affirm that eye witnessing, however bona fide it may be, can be completely unreliable because there are many distortions of memory. The problem of suggestibility in memory is not so much that the momentary account can be modified, but that a distortion of the original episode of what is represented in memory of the event in question takes place, which, from that moment on, will be irreversibly modified. The therapeutic crisis support is the first phase of the therapeutic work following the abuse and has as its privileged recipients the victim and the adult who takes care of them. Currently, a trauma-focused therapy such as EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach, is used, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the elective therapy for the treatment of PTSD and several psychopathologies related to traumatic events, including sexual abuse. Not only because the victims of abuse could in turn perpetrate the cycle of abuse, but also so that victimisation is not considered an unchangeable characteristic of the person.

The Long and Difficult Road to Alma-Ata: A Personal Reflection

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Socrates Litsios
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Personal Reflection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Difficult Road ◽  
The Way

This account of the events leading up to the Alma-Ata Conference in September 1978 (covering the years 1970 to 1978) is based on the author's recollections and his recent research of World Health Organization documents. The author builds his story around four themes: why the Soviets, in particular, wanted the conference; why the new WHO director-general did not; the time and energy lost by holding the conference; and what might have happened if it had not been held. The story involves not only people and their political and health ideologies but also reflections on the continuing question of how best to improve the health of communities. The account reveals how Alma-Ata constrained attempts by the new leadership of WHO to transform the way in which the organization fulfilled its international health responsibilities.

scholarly journals Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Way

The world is puzzling over the origin of the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by a novel coronavirus-2019 (2019-nCoV). As of 25th March 2020, the World Health Organization has reported 4,14,179 confirmed cases and 18,440 confirmed deaths in total due to COVID-19. To this end, two unique mammals namely bats and pangolins are being investigated for their potential link to COVID-19. However, the evidence so far gathered in this context is far from clear. This paper aimed to: (i) enlighten the major aspects of life of bats and pangolins; (ii) briefly discusses their potential link to COVID-19; and also (iii) to highlight the way forward. The outcomes may contribute to future research on the subject.

scholarly journals Prevalence of post-operative anaemia in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Kalio DGB ◽  
Eli S ◽  
Okagua KE ◽  
Allagoa DO
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
State University ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Work Up

Background: Post-operative anaemia is often a reflection of pre-operative pre-operative work-up and pre-operative anaemia. In addition. Post-operative anaemia is also determined by co-morbidities of patients prior to surgery. The prevalence of post-operative anaemia varies based on surgical specialties and the experience of the surgeon; prevalence rates as high as 85% have been recorded in orthopaedic surgeries. Aim: To determine the prevalence of post-operative anaemic in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Method: This was a six months cross sectional study of the post-operative anaemia of patients who had operation at the Surgery and Obstetrics/Gyaecology departments of The Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. The permission for the study was granted by the head of department of obstetrics and gynaecology in conjunction with the head of .the hospital management. The yard stick for anaemia was packed cell volume less than 33% in line with the World Health Organization (WHO). A structured proforma was used to obtain information from patient’s case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: Three hundred and eigthy subjects were recruited for the study. Males subjects were 150 (39.5%) while females were 230 (60.5%) respectively. The mean age was 31 years. One hundred and ninety nine (52.4%) were obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries while 181 (47.6 %) were non-gynaecological surgeries. The commonest indication for surgery was caesarean section representing 130 (34.2%) of the subjects. Two hundred and sixty six of the subjects (70%) had PCV less than 33%. One hundred and fifty two (40%) women had PCV less than 33% while 114 (30%) of the men had PCV less than 33%. Conclusion: The study revealed that prevalence of post-operative anaemia amongst surgical patients at RSUTH was 70 %. The post-operative anaemia amongst women was worrisome. The need to optimize patients prior to surgery cannot be over-emphasized to prevent morbidities and mortalities post-operative.

THE FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. A88-A88
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Way

Dr. Halfdan Mahler, Director-General of the World Health Organization [said] in many cultures women were the underprivileged: girls often received less food than boys, a pattern passed on by mothers who gave themselves less food than their husbands; girls often received less in the way of formal education than boys, since they were needed by mothers to help in the collection of water, preparation of food, and house and horticultural work—school learning being anyway irrelevant to becoming in turn a mother. Unemployment among women around the world was far higher than among men. Dr. Mahler summarized the position as "the feminization of poverty," by legislation, constitution, and ideology.

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