scholarly journals Sociology of political conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Larissa Nikovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Class Divisions

The article deals with the sociological aspects of the analysis of political conflict related to the socio-structural and subjective foundations of political processes and relations. It is shown that many problems and contradictions in the social sphere, such as social polarization, excessive inequality, poverty and violation of the principles of social justice, deprivation of basic needs and interests, unstable labor employment significantly determine the field of politics and are projected on the object and subject of political conflict, weighing down their course and positive outcomes. The insolubility of social problems and contradictions, their encapsulation cause either a decrease in the population's interest in politics, in the effectiveness of democratic institutions, contribute to the widening of the gap between the «private» and «public», generate a sense of political alienation and powerlessness, or push to meet basic needs beyond the existing social norms and political institutions, to destructive forms of resolving political conflicts, which leads to a loss of control of society and social catastrophe. The sociological analysis of conflict interactions based on the predominance of horizontal connections and relationships contributes more to maintaining a dynamic balance in society and realizing the positive potential of political conflict, as it differs in flexible intra-group connections and mobile inter-group barriers in the socio-political system. Excessive class divisions and inequality tend to vertical polarization of society, which strengthens the «discontinuous» lines of interaction between the «top» and «bottom», makes the dichotomy «rule-submission» rigid, and reduces the possibilities of dialogical plasticity and flexibility of the political system.

scholarly journals SOCIAL GROUNDS FOR POLITICAL CONFLICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
L.I. Nikovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public

The article deals with the sociological aspects of the analysis of political conflict related to the socio-structural and subjective foundations of political processes and relations. It is shown that many problems and contradictions in the social sphere, such as social polarization, excessive inequality, poverty and violation of the principles of social justice, deprivation of basic needs and interests, unstable labor employment significantly determine the field of politics and are projected on the object and subject of political conflict, weighing down their course and positive outcomes. The insolubility of social problems and contradictions, their encapsulation cause either a decrease in the population's interest in politics, in the effectiveness of democratic institutions, con- tribute to the widening of the gap between "private" and "public", generate a sense of political alienation and powerlessness, or push to meet basic needs beyond the existing social norms and political institutions, to destructive forms of resolving political conflicts, which leads to a loss of control of society and social catastrophe. Sociological analysis of the subject cross-section of conflict interaction shows that a conflict based on group interests (in comparison with class and elitist) contributes more to maintaining a dynamic balance in society and realizing the positive potential of political conflict, since it is characterized by flexible intra-group connections and mobile inter-group barriers in the socio-political system. Class and elitist models of conflict tend more to vertical polarization of society, which strengthens the "discontinuous" lines of interaction between the "top" and "bottom", makes the dichotomy "rule-submission" rigid, and reduces the possibilities of dialogical plasticity and flexibility of the political system.

scholarly journals Root causes and ways of the settlement of ethno-political conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-392
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumkin
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Characteristic Features

The presentation analyzes three belts of ethno-political conflict that directly affect the national interests of Russia. The link between ethno-political processes and globalization is highlighted, uncovering a number of challenges. Seven characteristic features of the contemporary world order are identified and their influence on the state of ethno-political conflicts and the prospects for their settlement are discussed.

scholarly journals The analysis of viewpoints of geography students at the University of Zagreb on the political situation and relations in Croatia

Geoadria ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Jelena Lončar
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

This paper examines the opinions, viewpoints and attitudes of a number of undergraduate and graduate university students of geography (Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb) related to Croatian politics, how they experience it and in what manner they comment on certain political events. The research was carried out in the period between 17 and 22 May 2017 on a sample of 173 students which makes 64% of the number of geography students at the University. The survey results show that the student population, although representing Croatia’s future intellectual force, shows no significant interest in politics and that their engagement, participation in political parties as well as involvement in political processes are at a very low level mostly due to high level of distrust towards politicians, political institutions but also political system in general.

scholarly journals Territorial Public Self-Government as an Element of Political Infrastructure for Secure Development of Municipal Sections in the Conditions of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
E. N. Shchegolev
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Definition Of

The research is devoted to the topic of forming a political infrastructure for the safe development of municipalities, creating technologies for attracting political infrastructure participants to the development and assessment of alternatives for the optimal development of territories.We set ourselves the goal of showing territorial public self-government as a tool for increasing the openness of political decision-making and public confidence in the authorities, and identifying the transformational potential of digital technologies in the context of territorial public self-government.The methodological basis of the research was provided by such theories as: the information cybernetic model of the political system of K. Deutsch, the theory of the political system of D. Easton, the theory of deliberative democracy by J. Besset, the theory of direct democracy I. Blo, model of monitor (digital) democracy by J. Keane.The main results of this study are the following:1) the author’s definition of the concept of “digitalization” was introduced — this is a process of radical transformation of the interaction of people in all spheres of social life, the implementation of which became possible on the basis of replacing analog (physical) data collection and processing systems with new technological systems that generate, transmit and process a digital signal about your condition. This transformation presupposes the formation of a different outlook of citizens, the use of other methods of management;2) the author’s definition of the concept of “political infrastructure” is introduced — these are the types of connections between the elements of the political system. Different types of ties form various modifications of political institutions, they determine the contours of political communications carried out in the political space, including using various political technologies to influence the behavior of political forces.3) in the context of digitalization, interactive interaction of participants in the political process, the very configuration of the political infrastructure for the development of territories is changing, the political toolkit of dialogue between the authorities and society is changing, implying an increasingly widespread use of technologies to involve participants in political processes in the development and assessment of alternatives for optimal territorial development.

scholarly journals Political conflict hybrid type: global and regional measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Olena Berezovska-Chmil ◽  
Yuliia Kobets
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Hybrid Threats

The authors of the article have studied the nature, forms, causes, driving forces, specifics of political conflicts of the hybrid type. The content of the concept of "political conflict of the hybrid type", its difference from the concept of hybrid wars and modern armed conflicts are analyzed; it is emphasized that the political conflict of the hybrid type often manifests itself as a combination of military and non-military methods of conducting foreign policy by some modern states. It is detected that opponents in the political conflict of the hybrid type use a spectrum of non-military facilities of influence such as political, economic, social, environmental, and other means. In the case of military confrontation, various types of weapons are added to the features of this type of conflict. The hypothesis about the expediency of interpretation of the term "hybrid-type political conflict" is expressed not only as a general name for the latest form of military-political conflict, but also as the name of a single (unique) historical event. In this new perspective, hybrid warfare appears as the highest type of conflict to be correlated with the Cold War and the well-known wars with their own names. It has been proven that hybrid conflicts, hybrid threats and hybrid wars are considered as important feature of the international security environment in a state of systemic crisis today. At the same time, the military and analytical communities lack unity in understanding the phenomenon of hybrid warfare. The study clarifies and systematizes the leading modern concepts and theories regarding the definition of the features and nature of the phenomenon of "hybrid warfare". The views of the problem of leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists are considered in the course of the work. From the standpoint of the synthesized approach, the features of global and regional military-political conflicts of the hybrid type are established. The mutual influence of such conflicts on world political processes and the world community, geopolitical players of the formation of hybrid threats is rated.

scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY AND CONSTITUTIONALISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Kojageldiev A.U. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Managerial System ◽  
Gradual Transformation

This article examines the theoretical concepts of the nature and characteristics of political institutions, organiполитическая системаzational and managerial system and its political aspects and their manifestation in socio-political life, the structure and classification of political institutions, their role in political processes. It shows the essence and forms of the principles of democracy and constitutionalism in harmony with political institutions, their role in political processes, the gradual transformation of society into a democratic civil society, the transformation and modernization of the political system.

Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan: Features of the Transit of Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
S. Pritchin
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Political System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of

The transit of power is an important and vulnerable stage in the development of political processes for any state. For States with unstable political institutions and a short history of independence, the change of the head of state is an even more serious challenge to stability. In 2016 and 2019, respectively, the two largest Central Asian republics of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan launched power transit procedures for the first time in the history of their independence. The transit scenarios differed significantly, despite the common similarity in power structure, political culture, and stage of political development. The more closed political system of Uzbekistan at the time of the death of the first President, Islam Karimov, managed to take a consolidated approach to the choice of a successor and unite for the duration of the transit. In Kazakhstan, on the contrary, after leaving the post of President, Nursultan Nazarbayev remained a key actor in domestic political processes, creating together with his successor, the current head of the Republic, Kasym-Zhomart Tokayev, a bipolar political system that began to contribute to the formation of a split of the political class. One of the reasons for the distinct approaches to transit was the different model of initial capital accumulation after the collapse of the USSR, when large-scale privatization of state property in Kazakhstan created a class of large owners who actively promoted a more open and competitive political system to protect and promote their interests. In contrast to Kazakhstan, the main state property of the Uzbek SSR remained under the control of the state and quasi-state institutions, which slowed down the process of forming a class of owners independent from the state. Separately, each of the transits of power in the post-Soviet space became the object of research, but primarily from the point of view of the development of political systems. A methodological basis of the study was a systemic, comparative analysis of transit of power scenarios considering the politico-economic aspects of the privatization of state property and formation of the proprietary class.

scholarly journals Instytucja prezydenta w systemie politycznym Federacji Rosyjskiej

2011 ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Wiktor Ross
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article presents the course that passed the political system of USSR going from the old soviet structure to the modern form of the state. Total economic and political crisis forced the last General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbatchev to seek the new political institutions and were helpful in the process of maintaining socialist character of the state and social relations and, simultaneously, to carry out the changes of the political system which became necessary. These efforts were a failure because of strong resistance, on the one hand, communist nomenklatura and the other hand, the new democratic movement in the Russian Federation conducted by Boris Yeltsin and independent movements in Soviet Republics. After the trial to stop the process of reforming of the state undertaken by communist leaders of USSR during coupé d'etat in August 1991 the initiative passed to the democratic forces in Russia. The fall of the USSR and foundation of the CIS as the platform of the reintegration of Post-Soviet area started the new stage of the political conflict in the Russian Federation. The objective needs occurred in the process of reforming of the economic structures, growing of the protest attitudes, necessity to relief the mood of the local authorities in order to attain their support for the course of modernization, pushed President Yeltsin to concentrate enormous power. The old Soviet Constitution was more comfortable for such political conditions than modern solutions based on the power's division in three branches - Parliament, Government and independent jurisdiction. Contradictions of the Post-Soviet period brought to the deep conflict between President Yeltsin and Supreme Soviet in October 1993. The defeat of the conservative forces in this confrontation meant the end of Soviet system in Russia, however political system that was created on such ground had authoritarian features, which was used all Yeltsin's presidential decade bringing, as a result, the system very far to the principles of the democracy. 

Political psychology

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (16) ◽  
pp. 619-626
Author(s):  
Mária Resch ◽  
Tamás Bella
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
History Of

In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

Sustainable Materialism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schlosberg ◽  
Luke Craven
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Sustainable Fashion ◽  
Prefigurative Politics

A growing number of environmental groups focus on more sustainable practices in everyday life, from the development of new food systems, to community solar, to more sustainable fashion. No longer willing to take part in unsustainable practices and institutions, and not satisfied with either purely individualistic and consumer responses or standard political processes and movement tactics, many activists and groups are increasingly focusing on restructuring everyday practices of the circulation of the basic needs of everyday life. This work labels such action sustainable materialism, and examines the political and social motivations of activists and movement groups involved in this growing and expanding practice. The central argument is that these movements are motivated by four key factors: frustration with the lack of accomplishments on broader environmental policies; a desire for environmental and social justice; an active and material resistance to the power of traditional industries; and a form of sustainability that is attentive to the flow of materials through bodies, communities, economies, and environments. In addition to these motivations, these movements demonstrate such material action as political action, in contrast to existing critiques of new materialism as apolitical or post-political. Overall, sustainable materialism is explored as a set of movements with unique qualities, based in collective rather than individual action, a dedication to local and prefigurative politics, and a demand that sustainability be practiced in everyday life—starting with the materials and flows that provide food, power, clothing, and other basic needs.

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