scholarly journals Institutions of political rating: origins, problems and prospect

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-299
Author(s):  
Darya Kasparyants
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Political Risk ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Risk Assessment Models

The article is devoted to the role of political risk in the modern world and the necessity to correlate methods and models of assessment and forecasting to the new challenges of the time. In the article are examined the conditions of transit from the conceptual understanding of the risk to the risk of financial operations and property/money losses and from the risk of nationalization to a new multiple risk which is closely correlated to political decisions and individuals. There is conducted a comparative analysis of the main existing risk assessment models. The author also makes an attempt to assess the compliance of these models to the present challenges in the context of increasingly complex and interdependent relations of actors, including business, states, international institutions, transnational companies and society. The article explores the exclusive and independent role of political risk that exists in correlation with the economic, operational and reputational risks produced by individuals in the context of the rapid spread information. The article proves the independent role of political risk that has no subordinate position to the economic component. The author provides examples of the leading role of political risks in determination of business strategy and management decisions. There are also examined several approaches to the analysis of political risks at the stage of concept genesis and in the context of both globalization and regionalization of international relations. The author considers rating agencies as an important instrument of stability in the relationship between business and the state and to makes an attempt to identify the shortcomings that are found in their activities and do not meet modern realities. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to revise not only the methodology for assessing and predicting political risks, but also the conceptual understanding of the institutional environment in which the roles of the state, business and society have changed.

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN A PANDEMIC: ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND FIRECASTING THE CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
V. V. TADTAEVA ◽  
◽  
B. E. BAGAEV ◽  
A. A. BESAEVA ◽  
A. E. KALMANOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Electronic Money

Money is an integral part of the economic life of society. Payments are made both in cash and in non-cash form. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the use of electronic payment systems became the most profitable. The article examines the role of electronic money in the modern world in the context of a pandemic. Is given a rating of e-payment systems in Russia for 9 months. 2020.

scholarly journals Muslim Clergy vs. Authority in Contemporary Afghanistan: View from Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-762
Author(s):  
Abdusamat Akhatovich Khaydarov
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Direct Inter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Institutions

Significant geopolitical changes taking place in the modern world in recent decades urge us to take a fresh look at the role of Islam and the clergy in the political processes of a number of countries of the Muslim world. This perspective is especially relevant vis--vis Afghanistan where a fierce war is being waged under the slogans of Islam for more than four decades. The purpose of this research is an in-depth study of the relationship between the state and the Muslim clergy, Islamic institutions in the development of political processes in Afghanistan since the mid-70s of the last century. The article reflects shaping of the Islamic opposition and its efforts to stand up to innovations and reforms during attempts of the Soviet stile modernization in 1978-1992, and then the efforts to democratize Afghan society, undertaken in Afghanistan since the end of 2001 with the assistance of the international community. The work is based on the study of factual historical material, a chronicle of the events of the last decade and personal observations of the author during his work in Afghanistan during the mentioned period. Analytical materials published on the pages of English and Russian mass media were used. The methodological basis of this study is the comparative historical method; the article is based on the principles of historicism, reliability and scientific objectivity. The author concludes that the conflict is based on mistakes and underestimation by the state the role and influence of the Muslim clergy and Islamic institutions of the country. It has been noted that the recently reached US - Taliban agreements, as well as the assistance of such influential players as Russia, sparkle hope for the launch of a direct inter-Afghan negotiation process, which most likely will not be as simple but thorny.

scholarly journals ACTUAL DISCOURE ABOUT TIPES FND DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES NATIONAL STATE

2013 ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
E. G. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Systems

The processes of globalization have determined significant changes in the prerogatives of nation states. In the twenty-first century the state no longer acts as a sole subject having a monopoly of integrating the interests of large social communities and representing them on the world stage. An ever increasing role in the global political process is played by transnational and supranational participants. However, despite the uncertainty and ambiguity of the ways of the development of the modern world, it can be argued that in the foreseeable future it is the states that will maintain the role of the main actors in world politics and bear the responsibility for global security and development. All this naturally makes urgent the issues related to the search for optimal models of nation state development. The article analyzes approaches to understanding patterns, problems and prospects of the development of this institution existing in modern political science. These include the concept of "dimensionality" based on the parameters of scale (the size of the territory) of the states and their functions in the international systems, as well as the "political order". In the latter case the paper analyzes four models: the nation-state, statenation, consociation, quasi-state. The author's position consists in the substantiation of the close dependence of the success of a model of the state on its inner nature, i.e. statehood. On the basis of the elaborated approach the author understands statehood as "the result of historical, economic, political and foreign policy activity of a particular society in order to create a relatively rigid political framework that provides spatial, institutional and functional unity, that is, the condition of the society’s own state, national political system." Thus statehood acts as a qualitative feature of the state.

Institutional Transformation and Changing Networking Patterns in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yanlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Institutional Embeddedness ◽  
Network Investment ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTDrawing insights from the institutional embeddedness perspective, this article explores the changing patterns and significance of two types of strategic networking along with the institutional transformation in China. Using two-wave survey data on Chinese private firms, we find that after the state relaxed its control of resources the importance of networking with the state tends to decline, while ties with market actors become increasingly important. Determinants of network investment have shifted from managers’ perceived importance of different types of network ties to a firm's immediate institutional environment. Finally, the impact of networking on firm growth has also altered over time. These findings advance our understanding of the crucial role of the institutional environment in shaping firms’ networking strategies and have important theoretical and practical implications.

Enterprise and Technology Architectures

2011 ◽  
pp. 167-221
Author(s):  
Eng K. Chew ◽  
Petter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Strategic Alignment ◽  
The State ◽  
State Change ◽  
It Strategy ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Future

The role of integrated enterprise architecture in IT strategy and strategic alignment is explained in Chapter V. This chapter describes in detail the principles and methods for developing a business-aligned enterprise architecture that will define the roadmap to attain the future state of the enterprise envisioned by the business strategy and guide the IT investment portfolio necessary for the state change.

The Role of Governments in the Business and Society Debate

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Dentchev ◽  
Elvira Haezendonck ◽  
Mitchell van Balen
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Broad Variety

The role of governments in business and society (B&S) research remains underexplored. The generally accepted principle of voluntarism, which frames responsible business conduct as an unregulated subject under managerial discretion, accounts for this gap. Paradoxically, there are sufficient acknowledgments in academia and practice on different roles of governments. The present article identifies three broad topics for research, addressing (a) the paradox between the principle of voluntarism and the role of governments in B&S, (b) the boundaries of governments and business in their contribution to B&S issues, and (c) the mechanisms of government intervention that affect corporate social performance. The authors approach the first topic with a literature review of 703 articles marked with the term “government” from five journals in the field ( Business & Society, Business Ethics: A European Review, Business Ethics Quarterly, Business Strategy and the Environment, and Journal of Business Ethics) between 1982 and 2011. This study indicates that the principle of voluntarism remains, despite the broad variety of research related to the role of government in B&S. In addition, the identified content provides deeper insight into the mechanisms of government intervention and on the boundaries of governments in the B&S discourse. This article then provides a summary of the other three research articles included in this special research forum, with a contribution oriented toward the latter two research avenues posited.

scholarly journals Philosophy as a factor of spiritual independence of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol - (3) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Yermolenko
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Philosophical Education ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Critical Problems

The article examines the problems of philosophy development in Ukraine during the thirty years of independence; an attempt is made to periodize this development. It is shown that the independence of Ukraine, in addition to the state, political and economic dimensions, also contains a spiritual component associated with religious, cultural, linguistic, and ideological independence. The key here was independence from the Moscow Church and creating an autocephalous Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Nevertheless, since, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, no ideology can be recognized by the state as mandatory, spiritual independence is also a secular category and presupposes worldview and philosophical independence. The article highlights several stages of the creation of philosophical independence. First, the first stage required overcoming the ideologically biased philosophy of Russian Marxism, that is, Marxism-Leninism. The second stage is the involvement of Ukrainian philosophy in the models of modern world philosophy, the assimilation of its leading trends and paradigmatic complexes. The role of translations of philosophical classics and modern philosophical literature in entering philosophy into world philosophical thought in Ukraine is also shown. Finally, the third stage is related to solving the critical problems of our time, related to globalization, ecological crisis, universalism and particularism in ethics, ethical reclamation of modern society, etc. The article also deals with the role of philosophy and philosophical education in substantiating the value orientations of the development of Ukrainian society, the formation of communicative, moral, professional competencies of citizens as a factor in the civilizational choice of Ukraine.

Towards the Creation of Strong Brand Image of Waqf Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
The State ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

Studies have been conducted focusing on the role of trust, integrity, and reputation on the image and reputations of Islamic charities. But, these are not the only challenges faced by contemporary Waqf. While the world outside the Waqf institutions has changed, Awqaf are stuck in centuries-old procedures and management practices. This must change for Awqaf to be up to the challenges of modern world. This work focuses on proposing a mechanism that explains how possible it is for Awqaf to improve their image given their unique features and environment. The process through which Waqf improves its relationship with stakeholders such as donors, beneficiaries, and government is as important as other aspects of Waqf operation that have been traditionally covered by scholars. The methodology followed for conducting this work is mainly literature review and critical analysis of the state of Waqf in the Muslim world. Thus, the work is a deductive analysis in Islamic economics and marketing, borrowing from Islamic and conventional fields of marketing and branding.

The Role of the State in Taiwan's Development: Taiwan in the Modern World.

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Samuel P. S. Ho ◽  
Joel D. Aberbach ◽  
David Dollar ◽  
Kenneth L. Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Role Of The State
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document