scholarly journals А Review of Robert Kindler, Stalinskie kochevniki: vlast i golod v Kazakhstane [Stalin’s Nomads: Power and Famine in Kazakhstan]. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2017, 382 pp. Transl. from Robert Kindler, Stalins Nomaden: Herrschaft und Hunger in Kasachstan. Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2014, 381 SS. (Studien zur Gewaltgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts); F. L. Sinitsyn, Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i kochevniki: istoriya, politika, naselenie, 1917–1991 [SovietState and Nomads: History, Politics, Population, 1917–1991]. Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2019, 317 pp. (Noveyshie issledovaniya po istorii Rossii [The Latest Research on Russian History], no. 19); Sarah Cameron, Golodnaya step: golod, nasilie i sozdanie Sovetskogo Kazakhstana. Moscow: NLO, 2020, 360 pp. Transl. from Sarah Cameron, The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the Making of Soviet Kazakhstan. Ithaca; London: CornellUniversity Press, 2018, 294 pp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (50) ◽  
pp. 248-258
Author(s):  
Sergey Abashin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
American Historian ◽  
Armed Resistance ◽  
Human Losses ◽  
German Historian

The review examines three new monographs that focus on the sedentarization and collectivization of nomad Kazakhs at the turn of the 1930s. The American historian Sarah Cameron, the German historian Robert Kindler, and the Russian historian Fyodor Sinitsyn describe the main specifics of nomadism in the steppes of Central Asia, study the premises of the Soviet policy aimed at its liquidation, and elaborate on the consequences of that policy, including armed resistance, mass hunger, and mass flight. All three authors conclude that this policy was implemented most radically, involved active violence, and was attended by huge economic and human losses. However, the scholars refuse to classify those losses as ethnic genocide. The review discusses the structure, key arguments, and conclusions of the monographs. It also provides a comparative analysis of varying descriptions and explanations of the tragedy in Kazakhstan, particularly focusing on who was primarily responsible for the events, the role of the ideology and pragmatic objectives in the policy of sedentarization and collectivization, and the link between that policy and Soviet nation-building.

scholarly journals Z dala od frontu. Wielka wojna ojczyźniana w edukacji historycznej poradzieckich republik Azji Centralnej (casus Kazachstanu, Kirgistanu i Uzbekistanu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Michał Kuryłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Education System ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
State Of Affairs

This article contains a comparative analysis of the narratives concerning the Great Patriotic War that can be found in textbooks in the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia. The aim of the study is to show the similarities and differences between these narratives and to reveal to what degree the picture of the conflict that was shaped during the Soviet period has been revised. At the same time, the aim is to juxtapose the contents of Central Asian textbooks with the narrative present in the Russian history education system. The analysis aims not only to identify discrepancies, but also to identify the reasons for the existing state of affairs and relate them to the politics of memory pursued in individual countries.

scholarly journals THEORIES OF ETHNICITY, NATIONALITY, AND ETHNIC IDENTITY

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
D.S. Kaliyev ◽  
◽  
A. Ventsel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Constructive Theory ◽  
Constructivist Approaches ◽  
Over Time

Ethnicity, nationality, and ethnic identity remain to be unresolved issues that need to be addressed. It is thus important to compare different approaches to understand the nature of ethnic phenomena and to identify appropriate techniques to understand the essence of «nation-building» concept. First, the article discusses the concepts of nation, ethnicity, changes in ethnic identity where the concepts of ethnos and nation are further explained. Second, the nature, dynamics and factors of the processes of ethnic identity are analyzed. Third, the author seeks answers to questions of why some ethnic identities change, while others remain unchanged. Fourth, ethnicity in conflict, the role of «belonging to a certain ethnic group» is considered. Finally, past and present debates of the primordialist and constructivist approaches to nation-building are described. The main methodology of the article is a comparative analysis of the theoretical literature of foreign and domestic research through the lenses of primordialism and constructivism. The paper argues that there is no reason for all ethnic groups to reach the level of a nation, that constructive theory has advantages at the highest level of integration between nations and ethnic groups in the 21st century, and that ethnic identity is adaptable and changeable over time. The results of this work contribute to further studies and scientific works related to the nation-building in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF POLYPLOIDY IN ADAPTATION AND SETTLING OF STEPPE SHRUBS IN CENTRAL ASIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Natalia V Ekimova ◽  
Elena N Muratova ◽  
Pavel P Silkin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Intraspecific Polymorphism ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Chromosome numbers for some species of Central Asia steppe shrubs are given: Rhamnus erythroxylon Pall. (Rhamnaceae), Caragana buriatica Peschk. (Fabaceae), Amygdalus pedunculata Pall., Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam. (Rosaceae), Atraphaxis pungens (Bieb.) Jaub. et Spach. and A. frutescens (L.) C. Koch (Polygonaceae). Chromosome numbers of some species were determined for the first time. Comparative analysis of adaptive properties of polyploid and diploid species has been conducted. It was established that natural polyploids are more adaptive to existence in extreme conditions. They possess by high potential for survival and characterized by more high level of intraspecific polymorphism, abundant flowering and fruitification, ability of propagate both generative and vegetative means, high seed germination. 

scholarly journals ROLE OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN THE HISTORY OF TURKESTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Irodaхon Gafurova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Estates

The main purpose of the article is to provide information about the waqf documents for real estate provided to mosques and madrassas, money amounts for land plots with signatures of officials and representatives of various segments of the population in Turkestan, in particular, Bukhara, Samarkand, Khiva, Khorezm, Tashkent. It is known that the proceeds from waqfs were used to repair, restore and maintain mosques and madrasahs, to pay monthly wages to muezzins and imams, as well as scholarships for madrasah students. Methodology: the study used the methods of historical and comparative-comparative analysis. Currently, the archives contain thousands of waqf letters created in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. As a result of studying these waqf letters, you can get detailed information about how many donations were made to a particular mosque or madrasah, who made them, where, and by whom they were signed. Referring to various historical documents, we are convinced that with the arrival of Islam in Central Asia, land, caravanserais, shops, baths, mills, and other profitable real estates, as well as money and books, became objects of waqf. In the first centuries of the spread of Islam on the territory of the present Namangan region, slaves, cattle, and tools, which are an integral part of agriculture, were presented as waqfs. Later they dropped out of the use of waqfs. In Fergana, and later in the Kokand Khanate, the khans did not use the profit from the waqf lands, but the land tax (hiraj and tanop). The article is devoted to the analysis of historical documents concerning waqfs, peculiarities of waqfs, as well as statistical data concerning Islamic architectural monuments of waqfs. In conclusion, it was concluded that many mosques and madrassahs were built and existed on the basis of wakf donations thanks to the generosity of representatives of our people.

The Role of the Zakat System during the Colonial-period in Malaysia and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Avazbek Ganiyev Oybekovich ◽  
◽  
Hassan Shakeel Shah ◽  
Mohammad Ayaz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Colonial Period

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

Illustrated Media, the Built Environment and Identity Politics in Fin-de-siècle Catalonia: Printing Images, Making the Nation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Lucila Mallart
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article explores the role of visuality in the identity politics of fin-de-siècle Catalonia. It engages with the recent reevaluation of the visual, both as a source for the history of modern nation-building, and as a constitutive element in the emergence of civic identities in the liberal urban environment. In doing so, it offers a reading of the mutually constitutive relationship of the built environment and the print media in late-nineteenth century Catalonia, and explores the role of this relation as the mechanism by which the so-called ‘imagined communities’ come to exist. Engaging with debates on urban planning and educational policies, it challenges established views on the interplay between tradition and modernity in modern nation-building, and reveals long-term connections between late-nineteenth-century imaginaries and early-twentieth-century beliefs and practices.

History Through the Prism of V.V. Rozanov’s Views and Myth-Creating

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Galina V. Talina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Static Image ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Public Person

The article analyzes V.V. Rozanov’s conceptions of antiquity, Middle Ages and new history. Rozanov singles out three periods of Russian history – Kiev, Vladimir-Moscow and Petersburg ones. The essence of each of those periods the philosopher consecutively correlates with adoption of Christianity, political organization formation and the beginning of individual creative work dominance. While interpreting his contemporary events as a public person and a journalist, Rozanov regards earlier epochs from the position of a myth-creator. The diverse historical process gives way to the literary and static image of the epoch. The author of the article pays special attention to how Rozanov characterizes historical personalities, to his views on the role of religion, state, bureaucracy and parliamentarism.

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