scholarly journals Evaluation of Arthemether-Lumefantrine Effectiveness in Malaria Treatment in Nnewi, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
NU Madubogwu ◽  
◽  
MA Omoirr ◽  
IB Chukwurah ◽  
ES Iloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Fever Clearance Time ◽  
Cure Rates

As an acute and chronic mosquito-borne disease of man, malaria is characterized by chills and fever, anaemia, splenomegaly and damage to other vital organs such as liver and brain. With reportedly increasing incidence of its lethargy in sub-Sahara Africa, current study was thus designed to investigate the effectiveness of one of malaria’s management pharmacological variety, Arthemether-Lumefantrine amongst residents of Nnewi community of Anambra State, Nigeria. Hundred (100) human subjects from the General Outpatients Department (GOPD) of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, who showed signs and symptoms of malaria, were recruited for the study. After gaining subjects’ consent and co-operation, Artemether-Lumefantrine combination (combination therapy) was then orally administered to the patients; with Blood samples collected 10 min before, and on days 4, 8, 10 and 14 after drug administration. Efficacy evaluation of parasitological cure rates was also determined after the 14th day. In addition to cure rate, fever clearance time (FCT), as the time from drug administration till axillary temperature fell below 37.5oC and remained so for at least 48 hours was also determined. In any case, obtained data were analysed using appropriate descriptive statistical (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage). The Chi square distribution test was performed to ascertain the goodness of fit of obtained variables. p-value was determined at 95% confidence interval, with significance level set at p < 0.05. Upon analysis, Study found after treatment at day 4, that cure rate for patients <16 years (paediatrics) was 52%, with those >16 years (adults) being 72%. On day 8 after treatment, cure rates for patients <16 years (paediatrics) was 89%, while that of those >16 years (adults) was 94%, while on day 10 and 14 the cure rate for patients <16 years became 98% while that of those >16 years was 100%.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal symptoms in pregnancy among antenatal clinic attendees in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Muhammad Baffah Aminu ◽  
Mohammed Alkali ◽  
Bala M. Audu ◽  
Toyin Abdulrazak
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnant women are at increasing risk of GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and heartburns, most of these symptoms are as a result of the hormonal and physical changes associated with pregnancy. This study aimed to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) among pregnant women attending booking clinic at a Northeastern Nigerian Teaching Hospital.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey of four hundred and fifty-two pregnant women booking for antenatal care. Their sociodemographic variables as well as the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms in index pregnancy were obtained at by the use of researcher-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed and presented as frequencies and percentages. A 5% significance level (p <0.05) to test associations.Results: Two fifty-five women had heart burns (56.4%) while 235 (52.0%) had nausea in pregnancy, these were observed to be the most prevalent GI symptoms among the women. Diarrhea and hemorrhoids were the uncommon GI symptoms in the study population constituting 406 (89.5%), and 360 (79.6%) respectively. Easy fullness was noted in 39.8% of the women while vomiting was in 41.8% and constipation in 29% of the respondents. A significant association was observed (p value <0.05) between parity and development of anorexia and hemorrhoids in pregnancy (p values of 0.049 and 0.051 respectively) but not for the other symptoms.Conclusions: GI symptoms are common in pregnancy, the most prevalent symptoms are that of heart burns and nausea, while diarrhea is relatively uncommon.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PROCUREMENT LIFECYCLE ON PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES IN KENYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tom Mboya Okello ◽  
Dr. Allan Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contract Management ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Procurement Contract ◽  
The Government ◽  
Procurement Planning ◽  
The Way

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of procurement lifecycle on performance of government ministries in Kenya. The study specific objectives were to establish the effect of procurement planning on performance of Government Ministries in Kenya, to assess the effect of procurement contract award on performance of Government Ministries in Kenya and to determine the effect of procurement contract management on performance of Government Ministries in Kenya.  Methodology: The study used five theories to support the literature. The study theories were Principal-Agency Theory, the Institutional Theory, Stakeholder Theory and Resource based Theory. The study employed descriptive research design. The targeted population of this study were 18 government ministries. The researcher collected primary data using both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires. The data presentation was done using tables from both descriptive and inferential statistics analysis. The study used the multiple regression analysis models to measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables and the significant of the study.Results: R Square (R2) indicated that 51.8% of the variation on performance of government ministries could be explained by the fitted model leaving out 41.9% of variation unexplained. This indicated the presence of other factors in the surrounding, relating to procurement lifecycle towards the performance of ministries in addition to the ones identified for the study. However, the model showed goodness of fit since the R Square was above 50%. The value of the F statistic (9.146) indicates that the overall regression model was significant at the significance level of 0.05. From the finding, the study established that Tender Qualification and Selection, Procurement Contract Management and Procurement Planning were significant to the study with their P-values less than the default alpha. Procurement Contract Award was insignificant to the study with its P-value being greater that the default alpha level of significant.Contribution to policy and practice: The study recommends the Government Ministries in Kenya to consider improving procurement contract award to their suppliers by improving on the way they prepare the solicitation document, receive and evaluate bids, conducts the cost analysis, award the bid as required by the act as well as the way procurement prepares the solicitation document for better performance in future.The Government ministries to reconsider its persistence in ensuring that the procurement team develops contract administration plan, receives goods and services from the suppliers, signs the invoices to facilitate supplier payment, manages the vendors, starts up the contract in due time as required and closes the contract when it ends. By so doing, they shall ease the way in which their operational performance is conducted. 

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Drugs in Treating Urinary Schistosomiasis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilong Fang ◽  
Xuli Guo ◽  
Chuwei Tang ◽  
Fuchun Chen ◽  
Ahmed Badr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Morbidity Control ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Egg Reduction Rate ◽  
Indirect Comparisons

Abstract Background: Praziquantel is the current pillar for morbidity control of schistosomiasis. Artesunate and its derivatives, widely used for malaria treatment, also display antischistosomal activities. This review compares the efficacy of three drugs, namely praziquantel (PZQ), artesunate, and metrifonate in urinary schistosomiasis. Methods: Databases were searched for articles comparing the effectiveness of any of the three drugs to other medications or controls in urinary schistosomiasis in children aged 18 or less. Stata software was opted to generate the network meta-analysis. Efficacy (Cure rate and egg reduction rate) was the main outcome measure. Pairwise and network meta-analysis were used to report Odds Ratios (ORs) with either 95% confidence interval (CI) for direct comparisons or 95% credible intervals (CrI) for indirect comparisons. Results: The SUCRA plot for cure rate revealed that PZQ (SUCRA= 40.4%) was the fourth effective drug after albendazole 400mg (SUCRA= 71.5), metrifonate 5 mg (SUCRA= 62.2%), and metrifonate 10 mg (SUCRA= 59.7). PZQ was only superior to metrifonate 7.5 mg. ORs were PZQ 40 mg (OR 0.48; 95% CI -3.55 to 4.51; p-value 0.816), artesunate 6 mg (OR 0.06; 95% CI -5.67 to 5.79; p-value 0.983), metrifonate 5 mg (OR -1.65; 95% CI -7.52 to 4.21; p-value 0.581), metrifonate 10 mg (OR -1.76; 95% CI -8.86 to 5.34; p-value 0.628), and metrifonate 7.5 mg (OR -2.40; 95% CI -9.78 to 4.98; p-value 0.524). A similar plot for egg reduction rate showed an exclusive superiority of PZQ 40 mg (SUCRA= 94.4%), followed by metrifonate 10mg (SUCRA= 82.3%) and niridazole 25mg plus metrifonate 10mg (SUCRA= 48.6%). Conclusions: Our network analysis revealed that PZQ 40 mg was the most efficient drug in reducing egg count, whereas albendazole 400mg showed the highest cure rates.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Drugs in Treating Urinary Schistosomiasis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilong Fang ◽  
Xuli Guo ◽  
Chuwei Tang ◽  
Fuchun Chen ◽  
Ahmed Badr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Morbidity Control ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Egg Reduction Rate ◽  
Indirect Comparisons

Abstract Background Praziquantel is the current pillar for morbidity control of schistosomiasis. Artesunate and its derivatives, widely used for malaria treatment, also display antischistosomal activities. This review compares the efficacy of three drugs, namely praziquantel (PZQ), artesunate, and metrifonate in urinary schistosomiasis. Methods Databases were searched for articles comparing the effectiveness of any of the three drugs to other medications or controls in urinary schistosomiasis in children aged 18 or less. Stata software was opted to generate the network meta-analysis. Efficacy (Cure rate and egg reduction rate) was the main outcome measure. Pairwise and network meta-analysis were used to report Odds Ratios (ORs) with either 95% confidence interval (CI) for direct comparisons or 95% credible intervals (CrI) for indirect comparisons. Results The SUCRA plot for cure rate revealed that PZQ (SUCRA= 40.4%) was the fourth effective drug after albendazole 400mg (SUCRA= 71.5), metrifonate 5 mg (SUCRA= 62.2%), and metrifonate 10 mg (SUCRA= 59.7). PZQ was only superior to metrifonate 7.5 mg. ORs were PZQ 40 mg (OR 0.48; 95% CI -3.55 to 4.51; p-value 0.816), artesunate 6 mg (OR 0.06; 95% CI -5.67 to 5.79; p-value 0.983), metrifonate 5 mg (OR -1.65; 95% CI -7.52 to 4.21; p-value 0.581), metrifonate 10 mg (OR -1.76; 95% CI -8.86 to 5.34; p-value 0.628), and metrifonate 7.5 mg (OR -2.40; 95% CI -9.78 to 4.98; p-value 0.524). A similar plot for egg reduction rate showed an exclusive superiority of PZQ 40 mg (SUCRA= 94.4%), followed by metrifonate 10mg (SUCRA= 82.3%) and niridazole 25mg plus metrifonate 10mg (SUCRA= 48.6%). Conclusions Our network analysis revealed that PZQ 40 mg was the most efficient drug in reducing egg count, whereas albendazole 400mg showed the highest cure rates.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Kejadian Sibling Rivalry pada Anak di RW 002 Kelurahan Bukit Tempayan Kecamatan Batu Aji Kota Batam

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Septi Maisyaroh Ulina Panggabean
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sibling Rivalry ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Counseling And Guidance

The way parents educate and raise children is influenced by many factors such as culture, religion, customs, beliefs, and personality of the parents. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parenting parents with the incidence of sibling rivalry in children. This study is an analytical cross-sectional correlation, the total population of samples taken with accidental sampling technique, the sample size of 20 respondents. The results showed the majority of children experience sibling rivalry events, from the results of the Chi-Square test of goodness of fit p-value of 0.001 with a significance level of 0.05, meaning that there is a significant relationship between parenting parents with the incidence of sibling rivalry. From this study, it can be seen that most of the respondents who apply pemanja authoritarian parenting and sibling rivalry occurs in children. Parents need to know and understand in applying parenting according to the stage of the child's behavior. Necessary counseling and guidance on parenting books that fit the child's development phase.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Intravenous Ibuprofen and Hydromorphone for Postoperative Pain: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 6;19 (6;7) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Intravenous Ibuprofen

Background: An intravenous form of ibuprofen has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and reports are rare on its co-administration with opioids. Objectives: We researched whether an intravenous ibuprofen-hydromorphone combination is synergistic, additive, or infra-additive on postoperative pain. Study Design: A parallel-group, 1:1:1 allocation, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Setting: University teaching hospital in Korea. Methods: Ninety patients, undergoing breast surgery, were divided into one of the 3 groups (I, H, IH groups). Positive analgesic efficacy was defined as a numeric rating scale (NRS) ≤ 3 on a 0 – 10 NRS, 30 minutes after the drug administration. Drugs were administered by the Dixon’s upand-down method. Starting doses were ibuprofen (I) 50 mg, hydromorphone (H) 0.25 mg, or ibuprofen 25 mg + hydromorphone 0.125 mg (IH). The maximum doses were ibuprofen 800 mg, hydromorphone 2 mg, or ibuprofen 400 mg + hydromorphone 1 mg. Combination index (CI) (additive: 0.9 – 1.1, synergism: < 0.9, antagonism: > 1.1), dose reduction index (DRI, a measure of how much the dose of each drug in a combination can be reduced), and isobologram were used to define the nature of their interaction. Statistics: One way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, and Chi square test, significance level P < 0.05. Results: The median effective doses (ED50) of ibuprofen and hydromorphone were 1,447 mg and 1.5 mg, respectively. The median ED50 of the combination was ibuprofen 71 mg and hydromorphone 0.3 mg. Ibuprofen and hydromorphone showed a strong synergy (CI 0.2, DRI 20 and 5 for ibuprofen and hydromorphone at ED50). Limitation: Analgesic efficacy was observed during post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) period only. Conclusions: The combination of intravenous ibuprofen and hydromorphone produces a strong synergistic analgesia on postoperative pain. Key words: Median effective dose, hydromorphone, pain, ibuprofen, postoperative

scholarly journals Factors of Purchase of Bread – Prospect to Regain the Market Share?

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Skořepa ◽  
Kamil Pícha
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
P Value ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Hypotheses ◽  
Buying Behaviour

The aim of the article is to assess the consumers’ buying behaviour and decision-making process when purchasing bread and to propose the ways of how to improve the position of bread in the market. 1601 properly filled questionnaires were used for the analysis. Results are presented under the form of frequencies of answers and statistical tests. The analysis included evaluation of statistical hypotheses about the independence (significance level α = 0.01) using the chi-square goodness of fit test and Pearson coefficient of contingency. The significance level was then compared with the value p-value, for p-value > α, the null hypothesis was not rejected. The most important factors of choosing bread are freshness, appearance habit and price. The importance of the price grows with the increasing age of respondents and decreases with the increasing income of questioned consumers. The importance of the brand, as well as the reference or recommendation from the family and friends slightly strengthens with the increasing income of the consumers. Most of the respondents make no difference between both (yeast and rye leaven) technologies of baking bread when making their buying decision. We cannot say, however, the preference to the rye leaven bread grows with the increasing age of respondents to the detriment of the yeast bread or vice versa.

Maternal Knowledge Factor, Maternal Age and Maternal Parity Associated with Genesis of Normal Delivery at Palembang Hospital of Bari Year 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Maternal Parity

Childbirthis a processLabor of opening and depleting the cervix and the fetus down into the birth canal. Birth is a process in which the fetus and amniotic are pushed out through the birth canal. (Sarwono, 2008). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 585,000 mothers annually die during pregnancy or childbirth. Indonesia Health Demographic Survey (SDKI) Survey in 2012, Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia is still high at 359 per 100,000 live births. The purpose of this study is the knowledge of maternal knowledge, maternal age, and maternal parity associated with normal birth events at Palembang Bari Hospital 2017. This study used analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all maternal mothers at the Palembang Bari Hospital in 2017. Sampling in the study was conducted non-randomly with the technique of "Accidental Sampling". Data analysis was done univariat and bivariate with Chi-Square statistical test with significance level α = 0,05. The result of this research shows that there is correlation between mother's knowledge with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001, there is correlation between mother age with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,009, there is relation between mother parity with normal delivery incidence with p value 0,001. From result of this research hopes healthcare workers can improve normal delivery care services and more often to carry out maternal safety counseling.

Hubungan Religiusitas dengan Citra Tubuh pada Wanita Dewasa Awal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Dessy Sumanty ◽  
Deden Sudirman ◽  
Diah Puspasari
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Calculation Result ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Correlational Research

This research attempts to relate the body image phenomenon with the level of subject religiosity. This research used correlational research design that was involving 332 respondents. The statistical testing which is used to test the hypothesis Rank Spearman. The calculation result with the significance level of trust 95% (a = 0.05) show that the correlation coefficient is 0.083 and p-value is 0.129. It means that Ho is accepted and H1 is rejected. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between religiosity with body image.

Burden of Care Among Mothers Having Children with Congenital Heart Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Nita Sharma ◽  
Pratima Sharma ◽  
Tulashi Adhikari Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a problem with structure and function of the heart that is present at birth.  Children with CHD require special care, treatment and follow up for a number of common conditions which may be quite straining to the care givers. The objective of the study was to find out the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a cardiac centre of Nepal. A total of 95 mothers having children with CHD attending outpatient department of our institute were selected as the sample for the study using non-probability purposive sampling technique. A semi structured interview questionnaire consisting of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index was used to assess the burden of care among mothers having children with CHD. Frequency and percent were used to describe the variables and chi- square test at 0.05 significance level was used to analyse associations. Results: Most (77.9%) of the mothers were regularly strained to find that their children’s health condition was deteriorating due to CHD. Nearly half (44.2%) of the mothers always had financial constrain while giving care to the child, nearly half (40%) of the mothers had done emotional adjustments to take care of their children with CHD, another two-fifths (28.4%) of the mothers sometimes had disturbed sleep and almost half (46.3%) of the mothers were always upset due to some behaviour of their child with CHD. Half (50.5%) of the mothers had high level of burden of care. Statistically significant association were found between age of the mother and level of burden of care (p value = 0.05). Similarly, the type of family (p value = 0.005), age of the children (p value = 0.000) and type of CHD (p value = 0.002) were significantly associated with the level of burden of care among the mothers. Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers tend to feel less burden of care as the child grows older, mothers having children with cyanotic heart disease tend to experience more burden of care. Mothers of less than thirty years of age and living in a joint family also experience more burden of care.  

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