scholarly journals PENGARUH TEMPERATUR AKTIVASI FISIKA TERHADAP KINERJA SUPERKAKASITOR BERBASIS ELEKTRODA KARBON DARI AMPAS SAGU

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Erman Taer ◽  
Zikri Alrifani ◽  
Rika Taslim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Method ◽  
Cell Electrode ◽  
Capacitor Cell

The manufacture of activated carbon based on sago pulp as a super-capacitor cell electrode has been successfully performed. Preparation of activated carbon begins with heating of drying raw materials in the sun and followed by oven drying, pre-carbonization, milling, sieving, chemical activation with 2 M concentration KOH solution, pellet printing, carbonization at 600° C using N2 gas followed by physics activation with temperature variation of 700° C; 750° C; 800° C; 850° C; 900° C using water vapor and polishing of pellets are some of the steps that are followed. Carbon electrode density values for each sample of AC 700, AC 750, AC 800, AC 850, and AC 900 are 0,790 g/cm3, 0,791 g/cm3, 0,795 g/cm3, 0,760 g/cm3, dan 0,754 g/cm3. The SEM results show the shape of the particles formed unoccupied. EDX test results show the percentage of carbon reaches 90.13%. The measurement of electrochemical properties performed by cyclic voltammetry method yielded an optimum specific capacitance of 106 F/g  obtained at a temperature of 750° C.

Comparative Study of Different Activation Treatments for the Preparation of Activated Carbon: A Mini-Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Sania Ashraf ◽  
Azeem Intisar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Temperature Activation ◽  
Activation Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Characterisation Techniques

In this review, various methods of preparation of activated carbon from agricultural and commercial waste material are reviewed. In addition, we also discuss various activation treatments using a comparative approach. The data are organised in tabulated form for ease of comparative study. A review of numerous characterisation techniques is also provided. The effect of time and temperature, activation conditions, carbonisation conditions and impregnation ratios are explained and several physical and chemical activation treatments of raw materials and their impact on the micro- and mesoporous volumes and surface area are discussed. Lastly, a review of adsorption mechanisms of activated carbon (AC) is also provided.

Study on Advanced Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2701-2704
Author(s):  
You Lan Chen ◽  
Shan Shan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Sludge-based Activated Carbon(SAC) was carried out on the method of chemical activation and high temperature pyrolysis, using municipal sludge as the main raw materials, mixed with a small amount of corn straw. Through the analysis of characterization of activated carbon, the best quality blending ratio of straw is 10% ; the dynamic adsorption results of tail liquid of landfill leachate show that SAC can effectively remove most of harmful substances in the tail liquid of landfill leachate and the effluent reached the vertical ground surface standard of the standard for pollution control on the landfill site for domestic waste .

scholarly journals The Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Electrodes from Pineapple Leaf Fibers for Supercapacitor Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Agustino Agustino ◽  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Erman Taer
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Supercapacitor Application

Elektroda karbon aktif berbasis serat daun nanas (SDN) telah berhasil diproduksi dengan proses tiga langkah berikut ini, yaitu: (i) aktivasi kimia, (ii) karbonisasi, dan (iii) aktivasi fisika. Aktivasi kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan agen pengaktif KOH dengan konsetrasi 0,3 M. Karbonisasi dilakukan dalam lingkungan gas N2 pada temperatur 600oC dan diikuti oleh aktivasi fisika pada temperatur 850oC menggunakan gas CO2 selama 2,5 jam. Luas permukaan spesifik elektroda 512,211 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori sebesar 0,093 cm3×g–1, dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,199 nm. Morfologi permukaan elektroda karbon aktif menunjukkan adanya serat karbon dengan diameter serat dalam kisaran 101 - 185 nm dan memliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 84,33%. Elektroda karbon aktif memiliki struktur amorf, yang ditunjukkan oleh dua puncak difraksi yang lebar pada sudut hamburan 24,64 dan 43,77o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Kapasitansi spesifik, energi spesifik dan daya spesifik sel superkapasitor yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 110 F×g-1, 15,28 Wh×kg-1 dan 36,69 W×kg-1. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) based activated carbon electrode has been successfully produced using three-step process, i.e. (i) chemical activation, (ii) carbonization, and (iii) physical activation. The chemical activation was carried out using KOH activating agent with a concentration of 0.3 M. The carbonization process is conducted out in N2 gas environment at 600oC and followed by physical activation at a temperature of 850oC by using CO2 gas for 2.5 h. The specific surface area of the electrode is 512.211 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume of 0.093 cm3×g-1, and average pore radius of 1.199 nm. The surface morphology of the electrode shown the carbon fibers with diameter in the range of 101 - 185 nm and carbon content with 84.33% of atomic mass. The activated carbon electrode has an amorphous structure, which is shown by two wide diffraction peaks at scattering angles of 24.64 and 43.77o which correspond to the plane (002) and (100), respectively. The specific capacitance, energy and power of the electrode are 110 F×g-1, 15.28 Wh×kg-1 and 36.69 W×kg-1, respectively.Keywords: Serat daun nanas, Kalium hidroksida, Elektroda karbon aktif, Kapasitansi spesifik, Superkapasitor 

scholarly journals Characterization of Physical Properties for Activated Carbon from Garlic Skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Miftah Ainul Mardiah ◽  
Awitdrus Awitdrus ◽  
Rakhmawati Farma ◽  
Erman Taer
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Wave Numbers

Abstrak. Karbon aktif yang berasal dari biomassa telah menjadi bahan material dasar yang sudah digunakan secara luas untuk berbagai aplikasi eperti penyerapan, absorben, elektroda, penyimpan energi, dan aplikasi lainnya. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk pengoptimalkan sumber mentah karbon aktif berbiaya rendah dan memiliki porositas yang tinggi.  Biomassa kulit bawang putih sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan karbon aktif melalui proses pra-karbonisasi, aktivasi kimia dengan aktivator KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan masing-masing kosentrasi sebesar 0,25 M, 0,5 M, dan 0,75 M dan tanpa aktivator kimia. Proses karbonisasi dengan suhu 600°C dialiri gas nitrogen dan diaktivasi fisika dengan suhu 850°C. Penyusutan massa karbon sebesar 29,4%. Nilai densitas dari elektroda karbon untuk aktivator KOH dengan kosentrasi 0,5M yaitu 0,64 g.cm-3dan untuk aktivator ZnCl2 dengan kosentrasi 0,5M yaitu 0,71 g.cm-3. Gugus fungsi yang dimiliki elektroda kulit bawang putih diidentifikasi sebagai C-C, C C (alkuna), C-H (alkana), dan (O-H) yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 1600 cm-1, 1500 cm-1, 2950 cm-1 dan 2900-3600 cm-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aktivator KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan kosentrasi 0,5 M kondisi terbaik untuk variasi guna menunjang pengoptimalkan sumber mentah karbon aktif dan bisa digunakan dalam berbagai apliasi yang lebih luas. Abstract. Activated carbon derived from biomass has become a basic material that has been used widely for various applications such as absorption, absorbent, electrodes, energy storage, and other applications. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the raw source of activated carbon which is low cost and has high porosity. Garlic skin biomass as a basic material for making activated carbon through a pre-carbonization process, chemical activation with KOH and ZnCl2 activators with concentrations of 0,25 M, 0,5 M, and 0,75 M respectively and without chemical activators. The carbonization process with a temperature of 600°C is flowed with nitrogen gas and is physically activated at a temperature of 850°C. Shrinkage of carbon by 29.4%. The density value of the carbon electrode for the KOH activator with a concentration of 0.5M is 0.64 g.cm-3 and for the ZnCl2 activator with a concentration of 0,5M is 0,71 g.cm-3. The functional groups possessed by the garlic skin electrode were identified as C-C, C = C (alkynes), C-H (alkanes), and (O-H), namely at the wave numbers 1600 cm-1, 1500 cm-1, 2950 cm-1 and 2900-3600 cm-1. The results showed that the KOH and ZnCl2 activators with a concentration of 0.5 M were the best conditions for variation in order to optimize the raw source of activated carbon and could be used in a wider variety of applications.

Development and Application of Bamboo Activated Carbons and their Potency as Adsorbent Material for Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG); An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia ◽  
I Wayan Surata ◽  
Made Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Adsorbed Natural Gas ◽  
High Production

Currently, the use of activated carbon (AC) increased significantly for the industrial sector, health, environment and agriculture. However, the commercial price of activated carbon is relatively expensive, especially for micro industries mainly due to high production costs. Additionally, it comes from non-renewable sources with limited availability. This prompted the researchers to study the production of AC from inexpensive precursors and renewable; one of which is made from bamboo. AC production can be done through a pyrolysis process followed by physical or chemical activation. Differences in raw materials and activation methods used can affect the characteristics and quality of activated carbon produced. This paper reviews the development and application of bamboo activated carbons in the life sectors and their potency for use as an adsorbent material for the absorbed natural gas (ANG).

scholarly journals Meso- and microporous carbon electrode and its effect on the capacitive, energy and power properties of supercapacitor

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Erman Taer ◽  
R. Taslim ◽  
Sugianto Sugianto ◽  
M. Paiszal ◽  
Mukhlis Mukhlis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activated Carbon Monoliths ◽  
Activating Agent

Activated carbon monoliths (ACMs) with average pore diameters in the meso- and micropore regions were successfully produced from biomass material. ACM synthesis uses chemical activation with KOH and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activating agents. The carbon and activating agent mass ratios were 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7. Both activating materials produced an ACM with an average pore diameter of 3.2 nm. The specific capacitance, specific surface area, energy and power were as high as 63 F/g, 650 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and 0.23 Wh/kg for KOH and 73 F/g, and 522 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and 19 W/kg for ZnCl<sub>2</sub> activating agents, respectively. For comparison, we also studied the physical and electrochemical properties of ACM with an average pore size in the micropore range from the same raw material.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon from Tea Waste by NaOH Activation as A Supercapacitor Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldya Mossfika ◽  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
Hermansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Tea Waste

Karbon aktif dari ampas teh telah disintesis dan telah diuji sebagai elektroda superkapasitor. Pembuatan karbon aktif berdasarkan variasi rasio massa karbon dan aktivator NaOH yaitu 1:4, 1;5 % b/b yang diberi kode AC-4 dan AC-5. Sintesis elektroda karbon aktif di awali dengan proses pra-karbonisasi dan dilanjutkan dengan proses aktivasi kimia. Sampel di karbonisasi pada suhu 800 oC dengan laju kenaikan 50C/menit dalam kondisi gas inert (N2). Karbon aktif ampas teh dikarakterisasi dengan SAA (Surface Area Assessment). Sifat elektrokimia dan kinerja elektroda karbon aktif yang disintesis diukur menggunakan metode voltametri siklik dalam larutan elektrolit H2SO4 1M. Elektroda karbon aktif menunjukkan kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi pada sampel AC-4 yaitu 67 F/g dengan scan rate 1 mV/s dan luas permukaan spesifik 473 m2/g. Mengingat sifat elekrokimia yang menarik tersebut, dan banyaknya ampas teh yang mudah ditemukan disekitar kita maka elektroda karbon aktif ini berpotensi untuk bahan pembuatan superkapasitor elektrokimia skala besar di masa depan.Activated carbon from tea waste has been synthesized and has been tested as a supercapacitor electrode. Making activated carbon based on variations in the ratio of carbon mass and activator NaOH that is 1: 4, 1; 5%wt coded AC-4 and AC-5. Synthesis of activated carbon electrodes begins with the pre-carbonization process and is followed by a chemical activation process. Samples are carbonized at 800 oC with a rate of increase of 50C / min under inert gas (N2) conditions. Activated carbon of tea waste is characterized by SAA (Surface Area Assessment). The electrochemical properties and performance of the activated carbon electrode were measured using the cyclic voltammetry method in a H2SO41 M electrolyte solution. The activated carbon electrode showed the highspecific capacitance in the AC-4 sample of 67 F / g with a scan rate of 1 mV / s and surface area Specifically 473 m2 / g. Considering these interesting electrochemical properties, and the abundance of tea dregs that are easily found around us, this activated carbon electrode has the potential to be a material for making large-scale electrochemical supercapacitors in the future.Keywords:Limbah ampas teh, Aktivator, Kapasitansi spesifik, NaOH, Supekapasitor

scholarly journals Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Struktur Kristalin Arang Aktif Dari Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate (K2SiO3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Nurlia Nurlia ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Erniwati Erniwati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Irregular Arrangement

This study aims to determine the effect of variations of  activation temperature of  activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the crystalline structure. Activated carbon is the result of pyrolysis of carbonaceous raw materials at temperatures lower than  of 1000 oC. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palm acquired in four steps: preparation steps, carbonization steps using the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of 600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The crystalline structure tested by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method, the results yielded of 26,60o, 26,62o, 26,16o, 26,22o, 26,97o,  and 26,68o respectively. The highest crystalline structure yield was 22.26% at temperature of  600 oC and the lowest was 8.83% at temperature of 650 oC. The results obtained were amorphous  91.17% at the highest temperature of 650 oC and the lowest 77.74% at temperatur of  600 oC  which has a random and irregular arrangement pattern of atoms or molecules repeatedly or not periodically.

Preparation of activated carbon from date palm trunks for removal of eosin dye

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2540-2550
Author(s):  
Eman Alzahrani ◽  
N. R. A. El-Mouhty
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Equation

Date palm trees are abundant and cheap natural resources in Saudi Arabia. In this study, an activated carbon was prepared from palm trunks by chemical processes. The chemical activation was performed by impregnation of the raw materials after grinding with H3PO4 solution (63%), followed by placing of the sample solution on a muffle furnace at 400 ºC for 30 min, and then at 800 ºC for 10 min. The morphology of the fabricated material was checked using scanning electron microscopy that showed the rough surfaces on the carbon samples. The use of fabricated activated carbon for removal of eosin dye from aqueous solutions at different contact time, initial dye concentration, pH and adsorbent doses was investigated. The experimental results show that the adsorption process attains equilibrium within 20 min. The adsorption isotherm equilibrium was studied by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and it was found that the data fit the Langmuir isotherm equation with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 126.58 mg g-1. The results indicated that the home made activated carbon prepared from palm trunks has the ability to remove eosin dye from aqueous solution and it will be a promising adsorbent for the removal of harmful dyes from waste water.

Production of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Coconut Husk

2014 ◽  
Vol 1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Armstrong ◽  
Zachary J. Morchesky ◽  
Dustin T. Hess ◽  
Kofi W. Adu ◽  
David. K. Essumang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Porosity Analysis

ABSTRACTWe present preliminary results on a processing protocol by chemical activation that transforms organic waste product such as coconut husk into high surface area activated carbon. Dried raw materials of the coconut husk were carbonized anaerobically into char. The char was impregnated with KOH of different ratios and were activated at 800°C and 900°C. The transmission electron microscope was used to acquire structural and morphological information of the activated carbon, and the surface area and porosity analysis were performed using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 analyzer. The activated carbons show both micropores and mesopores with specific surface area as high as 2900m2/g.

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