scholarly journals Preying frequency of white-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758)

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Habibon Naher ◽  
Noor Jahan Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Food Items

A study was conducted on ‘Preying frequency of White-throated Kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus 1758) in Bangladesh’ from September 2008 to September 2011 at Nikunja-1 in Dhaka City Corporation area. The objectives of the study were to know the average preying frequency per day in different months and seasons. Scan sampling method was followed to study the kingfishers’ behaviour. At regular interval (5 minutes), day long observation was made with some observatory equipments. It preyed 4.1± 2.3 times per day on an average. They had bimodal feeding patterns, at morning (0701-1200 h) and afternoon (1401-1800 h). At noon they avoided preying. December was the highest preying month and summer was the highest unsuccessful preying season in the year. The food items composed of 36.6% arthropods and 61.1% fishes. Arthropods were preyed for 1.5 times and fishes for 2.5 times on an average per day. In association with arthropods and fishes they also preyed on amphibians and reptiles occasionally. Arthropods were preferred highly during non breeding season but fishes were preferred in breeding season for saving time and energy.ECOPRINT 22: 39-49, 2015

Diet and diet selection of two species in the macropodid browser–grazer continuum— do they eat what they 'should'?

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Sprent ◽  
C. McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Selection Of

On the basis of their dentition, species of Macropus are predicted to be grazers and species of Thylogale are predicted to be browsers. We tested these predictions by comparing diet and diet selection of the red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) and red-bellied pademelon (Thylogale billardierii), by analysing forestomach contents of animals that had fed in the same region of a young pine plantation. Grasses, followed by broad-leafed forbs, were the most abundant plant groups in the field (together comprising 71% of the plant biomass), and were also the main dietary components of both macropodid species (91%). No differences were detected in diet of the two species when summarised in terms of diet diversity, evenness or overlap. When diet selection was compared, however, distinct differences were found between the two species. Red-necked wallabies selected for grasses (74% of the diet compared with 55% in the field) whereas red-bellied pademelons selected for broad-leafed forbs (38% of the diet compared with 16% in the field). Feeding patterns were therefore consistent with dietary predictions, provided diet selection was considered rather than simply diet. Diet selection is more appropriate for testing dietary predictions, because it reflects animals' attempts to consume food items that they prefer, that is, that they are functionally suited to consuming, even when such items are not as abundant as less preferred food.

Observations on the biology of the common torpedo (Torpedo torpedo, Linnaeus, 1758) and marbled electric ray (Torpedo marmorata, Risso, 1810) from Egyptian Mediterranean waters

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
SH Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Torpedo Marmorata ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females

The reproductive biology and diets of Torpedo torpedo and T. marmorata from Egyptian Mediterranean waters are described. Males and females reached a maximum size of 39.1 and 40.8 cm total length (TL), respectively, in T. torpedo and 38.6 and 61.2 cm TL, respectively, in T. marmorata. The size at maturity of males of T. torpedo and T. marmorata is 18 and 25.5 cm TL, respectively, and of females, is 22 and 35.5 cm TL, respectively. Both species exhibit aplacental viviparity. T. torpedo has a restricted breeding season, and individual females appear to breed annually, whereas T. marmorata females appear to have a more extended reproductive cycle (probably breeding every two years). In both species, males are capable of mating every year. In T. torpedo, mating occurs between December and February, ovulation in March-April, and parturition in late August and September after five to six months of gestation. Individuals of T. marmorata mate between November and January, ovulate between December and February, and give birth the following December after 10-12 months of gestation. Mean embryos sizes are 7.3 cm TL (range 4.6-8.2 cm TL) for T. torpedo and 8.5 cm TL (range 5.8-10.1 cm TL) for T. marmorata. Observations in Egyptian Mediterranean waters show a strong correlation between ovarian and uterine fecundity and the length of the mother in both species. Fish are an important component of the diet of the two species, as, to a lesser extent, are crustaceans for T. torpedo and cephalopods for T. marmorata. Juveniles eat a wide variety of food items, whereas adults feed only on fish.

scholarly journals Population status and feeding behavior of black kite (Milvus migrans) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Md Amdadul Haque ◽  
Rasel Ahammed ◽  
Monirujjaman ◽  
Md Abraharul Islam ◽  
Md Nahid H Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
The Status

The status and feeding behavior of black kite (Milvus migrans) in Dhaka city were studied from July 2015 to June 2017. Road transects and morning roost-count method were used for population estimation and distribution, whereas focal sampling method was used to study the feeding and foraging behavior. Based on roosting and foraging areas, five transects were selected for population estimation. Moreover, six different feeding areas were selected for identifying various types of consumed food and assessing the feeding behavior of black kite. The black kite population was estimated at (1296±5.87) in Dhaka city. The population density was estimated at 21.8/km2. Among selected five different transects, the recorded population ranged from 108.12±6.70, 8.34%) at S-3 (Mirpur to Ramna Park) to 805±11.88, 62.11% of individuals at S-5 (Gulistan to Demra). The present study revealed that black kites were distributed throughout the study area and the distribution was influenced by availability of food, water and roosting place. Based on the annual records, the highest population (1510±6.92) was found in 2016. Majority of black kites fed on offal and insects in study area. In garbage dumps, the highest rate of feeding was recorded in afternoon followed by in morning and lowest in the noon. Whereas in non-garbage feeding areas, the highest rate was recorded in the morning followed by in the afternoon and lowest in the noon. Among four different foraging strategies, food collection by kites standing on the ground and intraspecific cleptoparasitism was never observed during study period while interspecific cleptoparasitism (against crows) was the highest number (193.67±2.77, 68.43%). Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 35-48, 2020 (June & December)

scholarly journals Changing Patterns in Lifestyle, Food Intake and Health Status between Selected Beneficiary People and Non-beneficiary People of Urban Slum in Dhaka City

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
AAM Kurshed ◽  
TMA Azad ◽  
MAH Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Full Stomach ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight For Age

To see the improvement in lifestyle, food intake and nutritional status of Beneficiary people of Shiree Project under Dushtha Shasthya Kendra, a comparative cross sectional study was done in Kamrangirchar slum among extreme poor people of Dhaka city and compared with non–beneficiary households. Beneficiary households of MDG-1 under Shiree Project got household economic intervention packages. In this stuy it is found that mean monthly income of the family was 6175.65 Tk in beneficiary group and 4288.14 Tk in non-beneficiary group. The mean monthly expenditure on food items of family was 3787.83 Tk in beneficiary group and 2796.61 Tk in non-beneficiary group. About 34 percent beneficiary households and 75 percent of all non-beneficiary households were poor having household’s monthly income less than 3000 taka. Some 15.7 percent beneficiary households had five amenities out of selected six and only 1.7 percent non-beneficiary households had five amenities. So, socio-economic condition of beneficiary extreme poor people has improved. Consumption of food items was significantly more in beneficiary households than non-beneficiary ones. Some 74 percent beneficiary households consumed four or more food items daily and 26 percent non-beneficiary households consumed four or more food items daily. On average 3.37 food items were consumed by beneficiary households and 2.49 food items by non-beneficiary households daily. More than 60% of the beneficiary people ate full stomach meals and less than 25 % of non-beneficiary people could afford to eat the same. So, beneficiary people were more food secure and more food diversified than non-beneficiary people. Nutritional status of the children by MUAC, Weight for Age Z-score, and Height for Age Z-score showed no significant difference between beneficiary and non-beneficiary group. Prevalence rate of underweight (Weight for Age Z-score) was 60.5% in beneficiary children and 65.9% in non-beneficiary children. Significant difference (P=0.044) was found by Weight for Height Z-score in both beneficiary and non-beneficiary group. The difference of mothers’ nutritional status by BMI between beneficiary group and non-beneficiary group was not statistically significant, though percentage of CED was lower and overweight was higher in beneficiary mothers than non-beneficiary ones. Though socio-economic status, food security and food intake were better in beneficiary people than non-beneficiary ones, the outcome of these factors were not significant in clinical and anthropometric status. Beneficiary households were on the way to meet first target of MGD-1 which is related to poverty reduction. But they were far away from reaching the second target and halving prevalence of underweight as described in MDG-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v24i0.14033 Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 24-25 Dec 2011-2012 pp.15-22

scholarly journals How does tooth cusp radius of curvature affect brittle food item processing?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (84) ◽  
pp. 20130240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Berthaume ◽  
Elizabeth R. Dumont ◽  
Laurie R. Godfrey ◽  
Ian R. Grosse
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Better Than

Tooth cusp sharpness, measured by radius of curvature (RoC), has been predicted to play a significant role in brittle/hard food item fracture. Here, we set out to test three existing hypotheses about this relationship: namely, the Blunt and Strong Cusp hypotheses, which predict that dull cusps will be most efficient at brittle food item fracture, and the Pointed Cusp hypothesis, which predicts that sharp cusps will be most efficient at brittle food item fracture using a four cusp bunodont molar. We also put forth and test the newly constructed Complex Cusp hypothesis, which predicts that a mixture of dull and sharp cusps will be most efficient at brittle food item fracture. We tested the four hypotheses using finite-element models of four cusped, bunodont molars. When testing the three existing hypotheses, we assumed all cusps had the same level of sharpness (RoC), and gained partial support for the Blunt Cusp hypotheses. We found no support for the Pointed Cusp or Strong Cusp hypotheses. We used the Taguchi sampling method to test the Complex Cusps hypothesis with a morphospace created by independently varying the radii of curvature of the four cusps in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. The optimal occlusal morphology for fracturing brittle food items consists of a combination of sharp and dull cusps, which creates high stress concentrations in the food item while stabilizing the food item and keeping the stress concentrations in the enamel low. This model performed better than the Blunt Cusp hypothesis, suggesting a role for optimality in the evolution of cusp form.

scholarly journals Patterns of Consumption and Diet Differentiation for Three Breeding Warbler Species During a Spruce Budworm Outbreak

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McMartin ◽  
I. Bellocq ◽  
S. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Food Niche

Abstract Diets of three warbler species were analyzed during a spruce budworm outbreak in the boreal forest of northern Ontario. Beetles constituted a large portion of the food items consumed by Cape May (Dendroica tigrina), Bay-breasted (Dendroica castanea), and Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina) warblers early in the breeding season (7–11 June), and caterpillars were the most frequently used food category shortly later (18–24 June). Differences in diet served to differentiate the warbler species in the earlier period when Bay-breasted Warblers consumed more beetles, Tennessee Warblers consumed more caterpillars, and Cape May Warblers consumed more flies than the other species. Only Bay-breasted Warblers' continuing preference for beetles differentiated the warblers' diets in the later period. Food-niche overlaps increased for two of the three warbler species pairs between the two periods in June, but there was no change in the overlap between Bay-breasted and Cape May warbler diets.

Seasonal changes in food selection and nutrition of captive platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomas ◽  
Kathrine A. Handasyde ◽  
Peter Temple-Smith ◽  
Marissa L. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Anecdotal observations of captive platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) suggest that they show a seasonal preference for particular foods, but this has never been rigorously measured. This study aimed to determine seasonal food preferences and energy consumption of captive platypuses so that better protocols for maintaining platypuses in captivity can be developed. Seven platypuses were fed an ad libitum diet with all food items weighed in and out of tanks. Food items were analysed for energy, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Platypuses preferred less mobile prey (mealworms, earthworms and fly pupae) over highly mobile prey (crayfish). There was no significant seasonal change in preference for different dietary items, which is more likely to be driven by prey behaviour. Crayfish contributed the largest percentage (mass) consumed and was highly nutritious. While the relative percentage of items in the diet did not change seasonally, the quantity eaten did. The mean energy intake of platypuses was 921 kJ kg–1 day–1 and varied seasonally, being lowest during the breeding season (810 kJ kg–1 day–1) and highest in the postbreeding season (1007 kJ kg–1 day–1). These changes were associated with preparation and recovery from the breeding season. We conclude that the platypus diet is influenced by nutrition and seasonal factors as well as by prey behaviour. This knowledge will contribute to improving the husbandry and management of platypuses, which are widely recognised as difficult to maintain in captivity.

scholarly journals Presence of Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms in Fast Food Items of Local Restaurants and Fast Food Outlets of Dhaka City

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omar Faruk ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Items

The Microbiological status of 50 fast food samples collected from middle class and lower middle class retail outlets of fast food shops and restaurants at New Market and Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city were assessed. Eighty four percent of the samples were found to be satisfactory and 16% of the samples were found to be unsafe for human consumption. Total coliform, fecal coliform, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and    fungal count in 12%, 8%, 16%, 14% and 14% samples respectively have crossed the recommended limits and were unsafe for human consumption. Bare-handed handling of foods and use of unsafe water for dish  washing and hand washing by food handlers, keeping food for long time under lighting in display glass boxes with elevated temperatures and storage of uncooked and half cooked meat items side by side in the refrigerator    were noticed to be the possible sources and causes of microbiological contamination of the fast food items. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11810 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 49-51    

scholarly journals Impact of Indian Drama Serials on Bangladeshi Culture: A Qualitative Study Based on Perceived Situation and Risk Factors in Urban Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Shaharior Rahman Razu ◽  
Noshin Yeasmin ◽  
Sheikh Shareeful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract This study investigates how Indian TV serials are affecting Bangladeshi culture through changes in lifestyle, family and intimate relationship, and forms of art and literature. The qualitative research was conducted on 60 respondents from Khulna and Dhaka city of Bangladesh who were selected through purposive sampling method. Findings suggest that Indian TV serials have a significant impact on the day-to-day life of people living in Bangladesh. It influences the lifestyle of people as they spend a considerable time watching these TV serials. Alongside, the indigenous art, literature, language, customs and rituals are being shaped due to heavy dependency on Indian TV serials. Such inclination raises concern for some potential risks including family conflicts, crime, psychological disorder and even suicide.

Urine marking at food and caches in captive coyotes

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Urine Marking ◽  
Food Odors ◽  
Feeding Observations

Urine marking of food and caches was studied in a group of captive coyotes, Canis latrans. During feeding observations, coyotes frequently urine marked the food pile and individual food items that had been carried and dropped some distance from the pile. In addition, food items which had been stolen were often marked. However, marking of food did not reserve it for the marking animal. Others usually ignored the urine mark and ate the item. The significant increase in urine marking of food during the breeding season suggested that it was involved in the expression of dominance in intrasexual rivalries. Cache marking was quite different. Urine marking never occurred when food was cached and rarely occurred while the cache still contained food. However, once the cache was emptied, urine marking usually occurred. Thus at caches, urine marking evidently serves a "book-keeping" role, indicating that the caches are no longer worth investigating although food odors might still linger.

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