scholarly journals Chronic maxillary sinusitis: Clinical and microbiological evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
D Shrestha ◽  
LK Yadav ◽  
P Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

Chronic sinusitis essentially results from untreated or inadequately treated acute sinusitis. Sinusitis is one of the common health problems worldwide. This is a prospective study, done in Department of ENT Bir Hospital Kathmandu. The study period was one year from 14 March 2009 to 15 March 2010. In this study the most commonly involved group is 21–30years (44%). The most presenting symptoms was Nasal discharge 46(92%) and nasal obstruction 44(88%). The most common sign was mucopus in nasal cavity in 44(88%) cases followed by post nasal drip in 39(78%) cases. The bacteria most frequently isolated from sinus aspirates were staphylococcus aureus 18(36%) and streptococcus pneumonia 16(32%). Majority of the aspirates 34(68%) cases yielded single organism. The antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 48(96%) cases of isolates were sensitive to Cephalexin and ceftriaxone.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2011, Vol-7, No-2, 17-22DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i2.6675

scholarly journals Diagnostics of main bacterial agents of porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) using PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Holko ◽  
J. Urbanova ◽  
THolkova ◽  
V. Kmet
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

The main goal of our work is the presentation and analysis of incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) regarding bacterial agents in the territory of northern districts of Slovakia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other secondary bacterial causative pathogens of PRDC comprised 75.2% of all cases (98) with clinical signs of respiratory infections that we examined in the course of one year. We present also one of possibilities to the solution of problematic detection of M. hyopneumoniae which is, like the whole rank of mycoplasmas, very difficult to cultivate. This problem was solved by using the PCR method with the direct isolation of M. hyopneumoniae from lungs tissue. In antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae resulted enrofloxacin as the most effective antibiotics in the therapy of PRDC regarding bacterial agents.in above mentioned territory.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase (ESBL) and Metallobetalactamase (MBL) ProducingPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumanniiIsolated from Various Clinical Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Satnam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Tracheal Aspirates

This study was conducted with an objective to find the prevalence of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and metallobetalactamase (MBL) inP. aeruginosaandA. baumanniiisolates obtained from various clinical samples. It was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, over a period of two years from July 2014 to June 2016. Clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, high vaginal swabs, respiratory samples, and various body fluids were processed andP. aeruginosaandA. baumanniiisolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing for all isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Disc potentiation test was performed to check ESBL and MBL production in these bacteria. Maximum ESBL positive isolates ofP. aeruginosawere observed among pus samples and maximum MBL positive isolates were detected in tracheal aspirates.A. baumanniishowed maximum positivity for ESBL and MBL production in endotracheal secretions. This study gives an alarming sign towards high prevalence of cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance due to production of extended spectrum betalactamases and metallobetalactamases, respectively. Early detection, stringent antibiotic policies, and compliance towards infection control practices are the best defenses against these organisms.

Clinical Course of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis Documented by Sequential MRI Scanning

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Leopold ◽  
Chester T. Stafford ◽  
Earl W. Sod ◽  
Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi ◽  
Jerry D. Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study was designed to assess clinical and mucosal changes that occur during resolution of acute maxillary sinusitis. Thirteen previously healthy subjects with symptoms of acute sinusitis and radiographic opacification of at least one maxillary sinus were entered into the study and treated with amoxicillin/clavulinate potassium. Assessment of clinical symptoms, clinical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the maxillary sinuses were performed at baseline and at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 56 after initiation of therapy. The T2 values from the MRI scans were analyzed to approximate the more viscous and more fluid-like components of the maxillary sinus contents. After three days of antibiotic therapy, there was marked improvement in facial tenderness, thickness of nasal discharge, volume of nasal discharge, headache, and nasal congestion. Ten to 14 days of treatment were required, however, for improvement in nasal patency. MRI analysis of the volume percentage of air in the involved sinuses showed that by 10 days, only half of the opacification (fluid and thickened mucosa) had resolved. By 56 days, the sinuses were only about 80% aerated. This improvement was attributed mainly to resolution of the more fluid-like component. This study shows that: (1) tissue/fluid changes in sinusitis can be followed with MRI, and (2) although treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis generally results in clinical resolution of symptoms within one week, mucosal changes can persist for 8 weeks or more.

scholarly journals Salmonella Paratyphi A in India - Changing trends in presentation and antibiotic susceptibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay V Kulkarni ◽  
Arun Narayan ◽  
Vrithmani Aprameya Indumathi ◽  
Tejas Suresh Rao ◽  
Punith Kempegowda
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Not only has the prevalence of enteric fever due to Salmonella paratyphi A increased over the last decade, there has also been a change in common presenting symptoms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these organisms. Knowledge of the existing epidemiology of the disease is essential for a rational approach to treat the same. Hence the present study was done to establish the existing epidemiology of enteric fever due to Salmonella paratyphi A-their common presenting symptoms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern- at our setting. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted in MS Ramaiah Hospitals, Bangalore between January 2008 and December 2008. Patients admitted to the hospital with clinical suspicion of enteric fever and whose blood culture grew paratyphi A were included in the study. Common presenting symptoms and signs were recorded in these patients and the sensitivity patterns of the causative organisms were studied. The difference in their response to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone was studied. The analysis was done using the statistical software package-SPSS Version 16. The difference in the defervescence period was calculated by 2-way Independent two-sample t-test. Results: A total 32 patients were included in the study. Fever and hepatomegaly were the most common symptom and sign among the study subjects. All isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics except for Nalidixic acid. The mean defervescence period was shorter in patients treated with Ceftriaxone as compared to those treated with Ciprofloxacin (p<0.002). Conclusion: We report a change in the presentation and antibiotic sensitivity of paratyphi A infection as compared to existing literature. Ceftriaxone is a better drug as choice as it has shorter defervescence time. Key Words: Salmonella paratyphi A; Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Defervescence DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3546 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 14-17

scholarly journals Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Clinically Significant Coagulase-negative Staphylococci

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A Nazir ◽  
A Shah ◽  
D Kakru ◽  
S M Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical samples and to study the antibiotic-sensitivity pattern of the coagulase-negative isolates. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of two years on patients admitted in the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Blood, urine, pus, catheter tips, cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid samples of patients who fulfilled the criteria for being labeled as nosocomial were cultured. Results: One hundred and six strains of coagulase negative staphylococci were isolated from the samples and among them 90 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (84.90%). Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Methicillin resistance was found in a significant number of coagulase-negative isolates. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions:  The results of the study emphasized that isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci should be viewed with serious concern and accurate species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11769

Evaluation of Breast Lumps by Ultrasound and Correlation with Histological Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Nelema Jahan ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Breast Lumps ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: A breast lump is the most common symptom associated with both benign and malignant breast diseases. Therefore, a distinction of benign from malignant lump is of importance for proper management. Though a definitive diagnosis is possible with imaging for all the lesions, histopathological study is proven essential for confirming the diagnosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of USG and histopathological findings of different breast lump in diagnosis and their comparison. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 116 patients were included in this study. All breast lumps underwent surgery and the ultrasound findings of these lumps were compared with the histopathological findings. Data were collected from these patients by a preformed questionnaire and finally the data were analyzed. Results: Out of 116 patients only 21 cases were reported as malignant in ultrasound report but histopathology revealed 31 malignant patients. On histopathological examination 10 benign cases turned out to be malignant. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to evaluate in diagnosing breast mass lesions individually by ultrasound and compared with histopathology for definitive management of a patient. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 10-12

Bacteria and Viral Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Children Attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Objectives of study are (1) to reinforce the national capacity for diagnosis and antibiogram of some infectious diseases causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and (2) to build a network between hospital and laboratory for the diagnosis and surveillance of SARI in Yangon. This study is a crosssectional hospital- and laboratory-based descriptive study. A total of 825 samples including respiratory samples and blood samples from 511 children attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital from December 2014 to April 2016 for treatment of SARI were included. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done using Vitek 2. Out of 129 gram-negative bacilli (GNB), K. pneumoniae 32%, P. aeruginosa 18%, A. baumannii 13%, E. coli 9% were mostly isolated. Among 35 gram-positive cocci (GPC), S. aureus 42% and S. pneumoniae 6% were mostly isolated. Multidrug resistance rates were E. coli 100%, K. pneumoniae 95%, A. baumanii 82% and P. aeruginosa 17%. Extended-spectrum beta-latamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli was 6 out of 10 tested organisms. Carbarpenemase-producing GNB and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 21% and 33%, respectively. Virology section tested 529 samples of 490 patients using the FTD33 Multiplex PCR method which can detect 33 pathogens including 20 viruses, 12 bacteria and 1 fungus. Out of 490 patients, 374 were PCR positive. Different types of samples including nasopharyngeal, throat, endotracheal and laryngeal swab, tracheal secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage, were tested. Out of 566 viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (19.3%), rhinovirus (17.0%), parechovirus (14.3%), bocavirus (11.1%), adenovirus (10.2%), metapneumo-virus A and B (10.2%), parainfluenza virus (5.7%), enterovirus (3.0%), influenza A virus (2.8%), coronavirus (4%), parainfluenza virus (0.9%) and influenza C virus (0.4%) were detected. This study highlighted the etiological agents of bacteria, viruses and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in SARI.

scholarly journals Zika RNA and Flavivirus-Like Antigens in the Sperm Cells of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Subjects

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Hernan Vanegas ◽  
Fredman González ◽  
Yaoska Reyes ◽  
Edwing Centeno ◽  
Jayrintzina Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Human Semen ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
One Year ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male Subjects

Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA has been found to remain in human semen for up to one year after infection, but the presence of Flavivirus antigens in the different compartments of semen has been largely unexplored. Following the introduction of ZIKV in Nicaragua (2016), a prospective study of patients with clinical symptoms consistent with ZIKV was conducted in León to investigate virus shedding in different fluids. ZIKV infection was confirmed in 16 male subjects (≥18 years of age) by RT-qPCR in either blood, saliva or urine. Of these, three provided semen samples at 7, 14, 21, 28, 60 and 180 days postsymptom onset (DPSO) for Flavivirus antigens and RNA studies. These cases were compared with 19 asymptomatic controls. Flavivirus antigens were examined by immunofluorescence (IF) using the 4G2 Mabs, and confocal microscopy was used to explore fluorescence patterns. The three (100%) symptomatic subjects and 3 (16%) of the 19 asymptomatic subjects had Flavivirus antigens and viral RNA in the spermatozoa fraction. The percentage of IF Flavivirus-positive spermatozoa cells ranged from 1.9% to 25% in specimens from symptomatic subjects, as compared with 0.8% to 3.8% in specimens from asymptomatic controls. A marked IF-pattern in the cytoplasmic droplets and tail of the spermatozoa was observed. The sperm concentrations (45 × 106/mL vs. 63.5 × 106/mL, p = 0.041) and the total motility percentage (54% vs. 75%, p = 0.009) were significantly lower in specimens from ZIKV-positive than in those of ZIKV-negative. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the presence of Flavivirus antigens and RNA within a time frame of 28 DPSO in sperm cells of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects during the ZIKV epidemic. These findings have implications for public health, in terms of nonarthropod-born, silent transmission facilitated by sperm cells and potential transmission from asymptomatic males to pregnant women, with consequences to the fetus.

Clinical Impacts and Outcomes With Possible Donor-Derived Infection in Infected Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S164-S173
Author(s):  
Li Tong ◽  
Xiao-Guang Hu ◽  
Fa Huang ◽  
Shun-Wei Huang ◽  
Li-Fen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Donor Liver Transplantation ◽  
Infected Donor ◽  
Recipient Group ◽  
Deceased Donors ◽  
Liver Recipient

Abstract Background Information on possible donor-derived transmission events in China is limited. We evaluated the impacts of liver transplantation from infected deceased-donors, analyzed possible donor-derived bacterial or fungal infection events in recipients, and evaluated the etiologic agents’ characteristics and cases outcomes. Methods A single-center observational study was performed from January 2015 to March 2017 to retrospectively collect data from deceased-donors diagnosed with infection. Clinical data were recorded for each culture-positive donor and the matched liver recipient. The microorganisms were isolated and identified, and antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed. The pathogens distribution and incidence of possible donor-derived infection (P-DDI) events were analyzed and evaluated. Results Information from 211 donors was collected. Of these, 82 donors were infected and classified as the donation after brain death category. Overall, 149 and 138 pathogens were isolated from 82 infected donors and 82 matched liver recipients, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi accounted for 42.3% (63 of 149), 46.3% (69 of 149), and 11.4% (17 of 149) of pathogens in infected donors. The incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was high and Acinetobacter baumannii was the most concerning species. Infections occurred within the first 2 weeks after liver transplantation with an organ from an infected donor. Compared with the noninfection recipient group, the infection recipient group experienced a longer mechanical ventilation time (P = .004) and intensive care unit stay (P = .003), a higher incidence of renal dysfunction (P = .026) and renal replacement therapy (P = .001), and higher hospital mortality (P = .015). Possible donor-derived infection was observed in 14.6% of cases. Recipients with acute-on-chronic liver failure were more prone to have P-DDI than recipients with other diseases (P = .007; odds ratio = 0.114; 95% confidence interval, .025–.529). Conclusions When a liver recipient receives a graft from an infected deceased-donor, the postoperative incidence of infection is high and the infection interval is short. In addition, when a possible donor-derived, drug-resistant bacterial infection occurs, recipients may have serious complications and poor outcomes.

Customised gold weight eyelid implantation in paralytic lagophthalmos

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 1088-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Jayashankar ◽  
K P Morwani ◽  
M J Shaan ◽  
S R Bhatia ◽  
K T Patil
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Eyelid Closure ◽  
Gold Weight ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractGold eyelid implantation is widely considered the procedure of choice to reanimate the upper eyelid in paralytic lagophthalmos. Commercially supplied implants are not readily available in all places and are sometimes cumbersome to import.Objective:We aimed to devise a method whereby every surgeon performing gold eyelid implantation could have easy and quick access to the implant. Furthermore, we aimed to develop a means of creating an implant of the exact weight required for complete eyelid closure.Study design and setting:A prospective study was performed from 1997 to 2005 in a tertiary research hospital, involving 50 subjects requiring gold upper eyelid implantation and using the technique in question.Results:Only patients with a minimum follow up of one year were included in the study group. Symptoms improved in 96 per cent of subjects, who were able to dispense with eyedrops and eye ointments. Visual acuity improved in 92 per cent of patients. There were two extrusions amongst the early cases.Conclusion and significance:Customised gold eyelid implantation offers an alternative in regions where commercial implants are not easily obtained.

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