scholarly journals Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Infection in Children of Barbhanjyang VDC, Tanahun District, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Tara Dahal ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Cellophane Tape ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Percent Female

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in children of Barbhanjyang Village Development Committee, Tanahun, District, Nepal. A total of 110 Scotch tape (Cellophane tape) samples of children aged between 1-12 years were collected and microscopically examined. Altogether 14(12.72%) enterobias prevalence cases were reported in children including sixteen percent male and nine percent female cases. High prevalence of pinworm infection was the age group of 5-8 years (5.45%). The infection rate was significantly associated with ethnic groups (?2 =11.824, df=2, P=0.003) since the prevalence rate was highest in Dalit children (64.28%) compared to others. Itching behaviour of children around the perianal regions was directly associated with the prevalence rate of the pinworm (P=0.0325). Nail biting habit of children was also found to be statistically significant (P=0.024).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 18-21

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
High Prevalence

INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (14.3%) (p < 0.001) and occurred in most age groups, with the highest prevalence in the following age groups: 38-47 (40%), 48-57 (53.1%) and >58 (60.5%). The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%), followed by farm workers (47.1%). Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

scholarly journals The Incidence Of Intestinal Parasites Among Children In Hivi Pediatric Hospital, Duhok, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jehan N. Hussein ◽  
Azad A. Meerkhan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp

This study has conducted in Hivi Pediatric Hospital, Duhok Province, Iraq, to estimate the gastrointestinal parasites infection among patients contacted this hospital. Overall patients, 22.27% (261/1,172) were diagnosed as infected by parasites; more of them were from summer season with the infection rate of 24.83% (216/870) versus 14.90% (45/302) in autumn, rural residence had a greater rate of infection 65.90% (172/261) as compared with urban residence 34.09 (89/261), males were more infected than females (63.98% versus 36.02% respectively), the age group of three years and less had the highest rate of infection, while the age group of more than 9 years had the lowest rate (57.85%, 4.98% respectively). Concerning the children feeding way, the artificially feeding had the highest rate then mixed feeding and Breastfeeding (58.16%, 25.53% and 16.31% respectively). As general, the infection with protozoa (84.67) was higher than helminthes (18.01%) with some cases of infection by both of protozoa and helminthes (4.98). Regarding each parasite separately, Entamoeba histolytica had the highest infection rate then Giardia lamblia., Enterobius vermicularis, Cryptosporidium Spp., Entamoeba coliandBlastocystis hominis (38.70%, 25.67%, 18.01, 9.20%, 6.51 and 4.60 respectively).

scholarly journals Prevalence of type of Chewing Tobacco in Tobacco Users in Patients Reported in Private Dental Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1278-1282
Author(s):  
Anirudh B V M ◽  
Uma Maheswari T N ◽  
Nivethiga B
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Common ◽  
University Setting

Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of early death, disease around the world. India has a high prevalence rate of tobacco consumption, both smoking and smokeless forms. There are many types of chewing tobacco such as pan masala, khaini, mawa, snuff, zarda, mishri etc. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence rate of the type of chewing tobacco in tobacco users in patients reported to, Chennai. It's a retrospective cross-sectional study in a university setting. Case records were collected and analysed the data of 41000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 from the private dental institution. A total of 194 cases were recorded with patients who have a habit of chewing tobacco. The data was tabulated with parameters such as age, gender, type of chewing tobacco and type of habit. Data was then imported to IBM-SPSS v20 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics was done for further analysis. Among types of chewing tobacco, pan masala was prevalent (55.7%), with male predilection being 92.3%. The common age group which was seen chewing tobacco was 18-30 years-28.4%, with type of habit being only chewing tobacco-87.1%. Within the limits of the study, prevalence was seen in males with 18-30 age group being the most affected. Pan masala was the most prevalent type of chewing tobacco followed by gutka. As pan and gutka are the most common types used in Chennai, it is more carcinogenic than other types of chewing tobacco and its usage is increasing among the youth. Precautions must be taken such as anti-tobacco intervention to decrease the consumption of tobacco which causes a decrease in chances of cancer formation.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study of Psychiatric Cases in a Rural Community of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Khattri ◽  
BM Poudel ◽  
P Thapa ◽  
ST Godar ◽  
S Tirkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Random Method

Background: Psychiatric cases are widespread in rural communities of Nepal and there is scarcity of data. The present work was undertaken to study the psychiatric cases and its association with different socio-demographic variables. Methods: A house to house survey was done with simple random method (n=261) in Kusmi Village Development Committee of Baglung District. A semi-structures proforma was used to record the socio-demographic variables and General Health Questinnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was administered to assess the psychiatric cases. Results: The overall prevalence of psychiatric cases was found to be 37.5 percent. The psychiatric cases were found more in age above 30 years, in males and in other caste (Dalit/Nepali). The maximum number of cases was also elicited in unskilled workers, married group and people who were using alcohol. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is high prevalence of psychiatric cases in rural community in Nepal. This also calls the need to strengthen the mental health services in the rural community and to address the risk factors associated with psychiatric cases. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 01 | Jan-Jun 2013 | Page 52-56 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i1.7654

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthes with Respect to Age, Sex and Breeds of Chicken Slaughtered at Eke Awka Market, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. C. Ozougwu ◽  
C. A. Imakwu ◽  
S. C. Eziuzor ◽  
J. E. Ekeleme ◽  
O. P. Okeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fecal Specimen ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum

Aim: This research was designed to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminthes with respect to age, sex and breeds of chicken slaughtered at Eke-Awka Market, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: Fecal specimen was obtained from 150 Chicken slaughtered at Eke-Awka, Market, Anambra State, Nigeria from August to October 2019. The Fecal specimen was processed following floatation and the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to get the percentage prevalence and chi-square to determine the association of prevalence in relation to age, sex and breeds of the chickens; level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of the 150 fecal specimens examined, 63 were found to be infected with intestinal helminthes parasites, giving a prevalence of 42%. The parasites found were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina cesticillus. Raillietina cesticillus was observed to have the highest prevalence which is 16.7%. With respect to gender, a total of 38 males were found to be infected by helminthes parasites and the prevalence among males was 25.3%. Raillietina cesticillus infected the highest number of male chickens 17 (44.7%). A total of 25 female chickens were infected, with a prevalence of 16.7%, Ascaridia galli infected the highest number of female chickens 11 (44%). With respect to age groups, a total of 24 chickens aged (0 – 5) months were infected with a prevalence of 16%. Raillietina cesticillus had the highest infection rate 12 (50%). In the age group (6 – 10) months, a total of 21 chickens were infected giving a prevalence rate of 14%. Ascaridia galli recorded the highest infection rate 9 (49.9%). Among age group 11 months and above, the total number of infected chickens was 18, giving a prevalence rate of 12%. Heterakis gallinarum recorded the highest infection rate 8 (44.4%). With respect to breeds, a total of 28 old layer chickens were found to be infected by helminthes parasites and its prevalence was 18.7%, Raillietina cesticillus had the highest infection rate 13 (46.4%). The broiler had a total infection rate of 22 which gave a prevalence of 14.7%. Raillietina cesticillus had the highest infection rate of 9 (40.9%). Among the Native chickens, the total number of infections was 13 and its prevalence rate was 8.7%. Ascaridia galli recorded the highest infection rate which was 8 (61.5%). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthes was 42%, the helminthes parasites found were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina cesticillus.  Raillietina cesticillus was observed to have the highest prevalence 16.7%. Government and poultry owners should ensure that good caging and management systems are adopted to prevent the spread of intestinal helminthes among chickens so as to ensure maximum output from poultry production.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HAEMOPROTOZOAN DISEASES IN EQUINES OF NORTHERN REGION OF SINDH, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
M. A. Kumbhar ◽  
M. G. Shah ◽  
J. A. Gadahi ◽  
Z. A. Laghari ◽  
M. Kumbhar
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Working Efficiency

Haemoprotozoan infections causes devasting loss to the livestock population through mortality and morbidity thereby reducing their production and lowered working efficiency. The present study was conducted to investigate the haemoprotozoan infection in equines in the district Larkana in northern Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from different species of equines in various localities of Larkana. The study was carried on stray and reared equines, including horses, donkeys and mules. The overall prevalence rate of protozoan infection in equines was found as 23.33% (70 animals) at different talukas/tehsils of district Larkana. Equine species wise haemoprotozoan infection was recorded as 7.69%, 24.11% and 20% in horses, donkeys and mules, respectively. Overall age-wise protozoan prevalence was determined as 18.5% in below 2 year and 23.80% in above 2 years age group. Whereas, in horses the infection rate was noted as 7.69% in above 2 years age group. The donkeys, above 2 years age group were susceptible for haemoprotozoan infections, which was recorded as 24.70% as compared to below 2 years age group (18.51%). In case of mules, the infection rate was recorded as 20% in above 2 years of age group. Overall gender-wise protozoan prevalence was found 43.46% in male equines, whereas in female, it was 21.73%. Equine species wise infection was recorded high in male of horses (9.09%), donkeys (24.13%) and mule (20%) as compared to female horses (0%), donkeys (23.80%) and mule (0%). Housing wise prevalence was recorded as high (51.51%) in chhapra than open (15.97%) and paka (24.39%).The management wise infection was recorded as 100% in stray equines as compared to reared ones (22.81%). The current study provides a baseline data on the prevalence of haemoprotozoans in equines in northern Sindh which may be helpful in designing control strategies for infectious diseases in equines.

scholarly journals Detection of urinary schistosomiasis among school age children in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
E. O. Igumbor ◽  
S. K. S. Ojo ◽  
A. Olateru-Olagbegi
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease also known as bilharziasis or snail fever. It is a major disease of public health and the second most prevalent tropical disease after malaria. This study was carried out to detect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State, Nigeria. Urine samples (n=280) were collected from 9 volunteered primary and post-primary schools between May and July, 2009. Centrifuge concentration technique was used in the analysis of urine samples for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. 16 (5.71%) were infected with the parasite with males having a slightly high prevalence rate of 10 (3.57%) than females 6 (2.14%). Males within the age group of 11-20 were found to have the highest rate (2.14%) compared with their females (1.43%). This result is indicative of low visit to the hospital following infection of any kind and the source of drinking water in the community was poor. Many of these children engage in different water activities such as fishing, swimming, washing and fetching of water. The statistical analysis using T-test (P<0.05) showed no significant difference in the prevalence rate between age and sex. Therefore regular health education on the possible transmission of this parasite and community based treatment should be embarked upon in the school and community so as to curtail the spread and re-infection of individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hiv Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Ajiko Medical Clinic, Damaturu, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Sabina Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Human immunodeficiency viruses causes HIV infection in humans belongs to two species of Lentivirus. It damages the cells of immune system which leads to weak immune system and the ability to fight from infections and diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of HIV infection among pregnant women of different age groups attending Ajiko medical clinic, Damaturu, Nigeria. The prevalence rate was maximum (12.5%) in 36-45 age group and minimum (5%) in 26-35 age group but their was no HIV infection in 15-25 age group. The overall prevalence rate among pregnant women was 4%. General knowledge , training and campaigns of HIV prevention need to be tailored towards older women of age group 36-45 because of high prevalence rate.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and Risk Factors Assessment in Cattle Herds in Jigawa State

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk U. Mohammed ◽  
Salisu Ibrahim ◽  
Ikwe Ajogi ◽  
Bale J. O. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Cattle Herds

A serological survey of Brucella antibodies was carried out in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria to determine the prevalence of the disease and risk factors among some pastoralist cattle herds. A total of 570 cattle of different ages and sexes selected from 20 herds across the four agroecological zones in the state were screened using Rose Bengal Plate test and competitive enzyme immunoassay. From the results 23 cattle (4.04%) were positive by Rose Bengal Plate Test while 22(3.86%) were positive with competitive enzyme immunoassay. The infection rate was higher in females than males. Cattle older than 3 years had a higher prevalence rate compared to age groups 2-3 years, 1-2 years, and less than 1 year. The prevalence rate was higher in cattle densely populated locations. Infection rate differs between herds with larger herds presenting high prevalence due to poor sanitary practice. It is hereby recommended that public enlightenment on adequate control and preventive measures using proper sanitary practice and calf hood vaccination are required.

Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Magar Community in Siluwa VDC, Palpa District, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Rita Ale ◽  
Bhakta Bahadur Raskoti ◽  
Keshav Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Rapid Rural Appraisal ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Rural Appraisal ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Ethnobotanical knowledge, associated with plant resources was studied in Siluwa village development committee, Palpa district. Rapid rural appraisal tool was used to obtain information of indigenous people. This study revealed that Magar community has a vast knowledge of using plant resources. Local people are using plants for medicinal, wild fruit, food, religious and other various domestic purposes. The ethnobotanical knowledge is gradually decreasing in the younger generations.  Key words: Indigenous knowledge; use of plants; Magar community. Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 58-71

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