scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and Risk Factors Assessment in Cattle Herds in Jigawa State

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk U. Mohammed ◽  
Salisu Ibrahim ◽  
Ikwe Ajogi ◽  
Bale J. O. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Cattle Herds

A serological survey of Brucella antibodies was carried out in Jigawa State, northwestern Nigeria to determine the prevalence of the disease and risk factors among some pastoralist cattle herds. A total of 570 cattle of different ages and sexes selected from 20 herds across the four agroecological zones in the state were screened using Rose Bengal Plate test and competitive enzyme immunoassay. From the results 23 cattle (4.04%) were positive by Rose Bengal Plate Test while 22(3.86%) were positive with competitive enzyme immunoassay. The infection rate was higher in females than males. Cattle older than 3 years had a higher prevalence rate compared to age groups 2-3 years, 1-2 years, and less than 1 year. The prevalence rate was higher in cattle densely populated locations. Infection rate differs between herds with larger herds presenting high prevalence due to poor sanitary practice. It is hereby recommended that public enlightenment on adequate control and preventive measures using proper sanitary practice and calf hood vaccination are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
High Prevalence

INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (14.3%) (p < 0.001) and occurred in most age groups, with the highest prevalence in the following age groups: 38-47 (40%), 48-57 (53.1%) and >58 (60.5%). The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%), followed by farm workers (47.1%). Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors of Illnesses Presumably Caused by A SARS-CoV-2 Infection in The General Population During The Lockdown Period: A Multi-Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Carrat ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Gianluca Severi ◽  
Laurence Meyer ◽  
Florence Jusot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors.Methods Participants from 3 adult cohorts in the general population in France were invited to participate in a survey on COVID-19. The main outcome was possible COVID-19, defined as a sudden onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days and occurred during the 17 days before the survey. We used delayed-entry Cox models to identify associated factors.Results Between April 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, 279,478 participants were invited, 116,903 validated the questionnaire and 106,848 were included in the analysis. Three thousand thirty-five cases of possible COVID-19 were reported during 62,099 person-months of follow-up. The cumulative incidences of possible COVID-19 were 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 5.7%; 6.6%) on day 15 and 8.8% (95%CI 8.3%; 9.2%) on day 45 of lockdown. The risk of possible COVID-19 was lower in older age groups and higher in French regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in participants living in cities >100,000 inhabitants (vs rural areas), when at least one child or adolescent was living in the same household, in overweight or obese people, and in people with chronic respiratory diseases, anxiety or depression or chronic diseases other than diabetes, cancer, hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion The incidence of possible COVID-19 in the general population remained high during the first two weeks of lockdown, and decreased significantly thereafter. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.

scholarly journals The Use of Rose Bengal Plate Test to Asses Cattle Exposure to Brucella Infection in Traditional and Smallholder Dairy Production Systems of Tanga Region of Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Senyael Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and to identify risk factors for bovine brucellosis seropositivity in traditional and smallholder dairy cattle production systems in the Tanga region of North-eastern Tanzania. The study populations comprised 246 indigenous and 409 crossbred cattle, randomly selected from 105 smallholder dairy and 25 traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual animal and herd-level data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were screened forBrucellaantibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test The overall seroprevalence ofBrucellaantibodies in the smallholder dairy and traditional managed cattle was 4.1% and 7.3% respectively. The corresponding overall herd prevalence was 10.5% and 20% respectively. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, closeness to stock route, access to surface drinking water and location were identified as the major risk factors for individual herd seroprevalence. Older animals (6 years) were associated with increased risk of sero-positivity compared to animals of age category of 6 years. The results showed that brucellosis is prevalent and widely distributed locally, underscoring the need for further studies including surveillance and institution of preventive and control measures particularly among female young-stock and the general public who are at high risk of contracting brucellosis.

The general population prevalence of non-organic psychiatric disorders in subjects aged 85 years and over

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea J. Heeren ◽  
Albert M. Van Hemert ◽  
Anne M. Lagaay ◽  
Harry G. M. Rooymans
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Phases

SynopsisThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders was investigated in all inhabitants over 85 years of age (N = 1259), residing in Leiden, The Netherlands. The study design consisted of two phases. In the first phase the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to screen for potential cases; in the second phase all potential cases and a sample of the non-cases were interviewed with the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). DSM-III diagnoses were made based on the GMS and on information obtained from caregivers. There was a high prevalence of organic disorders of 31% (95% CI: 27–35%). The estimated overall prevalence rate for functional disorders was 8% (95% CI: 4–12%). This is an underestimate because organic and functional disorders are mutually exclusive in DSM-III. The prevalence rate estimated for the population at risk for functional disorders (i.e. the total population minus the organic cases) was 12% (95% CI: 6–18%). This is very similar to prevalence rates for functional disorders found in population based surveys in younger age groups. Therefore, in contrast with the dementias, there appears to be no increase with age for the functional disorders.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of COVID-19-like symptoms in the French general population during the lockdown period: a multi-cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Carrat ◽  
◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Gianluca Severi ◽  
Laurence Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Our main objectives were to estimate the incidence of illnesses presumably caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the lockdown period and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods Participants from 3 adult cohorts in the general population in France were invited to participate in a survey on COVID-19. The main outcome was COVID-19-Like Symptoms (CLS), defined as a sudden onset of cough, fever, dyspnea, ageusia and/or anosmia, that lasted more than 3 days and occurred during the 17 days before the survey. We used delayed-entry Cox models to identify associated factors. Results Between April 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, 279,478 participants were invited, 116,903 validated the questionnaire and 106,848 were included in the analysis. Three thousand thirty-five cases of CLS were reported during 62,099 person-months of follow-up. The cumulative incidences of CLS were 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 5.7%; 6.6%) on day 15 and 8.8% (95%CI 8.3%; 9.2%) on day 45 of lockdown. The risk of CLS was lower in older age groups and higher in French regions with a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in participants living in cities > 100,000 inhabitants (vs rural areas), when at least one child or adolescent was living in the same household, in overweight or obese people, and in people with chronic respiratory diseases, anxiety or depression or chronic diseases other than diabetes, cancer, hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion The incidence of CLS in the general population remained high during the first 2 weeks of lockdown, and decreased significantly thereafter. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified.

scholarly journals First Detection and Genetic Characterization of New Equine Parvovirus Species Circulating among Horses in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Jungho Yoon ◽  
Taemook Park ◽  
Ahram Kim ◽  
Heeeun Song ◽  
Byung-Joo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Equine parvovirus-cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV-CSF) and eqcopivirus (EqCoPV) are new parvovirus species (EqPVs) identified from various tissues (CSF, blood, and respiratory swabs) in horses with neurologic and respiratory diseases. In this study, we described the prevalence rate of EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV in 133 and 77 serum and fecal samples, respectively, using polymerase chain reaction. Further, we analyzed the potential risk factors for infection. We calculated the nucleotide and amino acid similarity and constructed phylogenetic trees. There was a moderate-to-high prevalence rate (EqPV-CSF: 3.8%; EqCoPV 9.8%) of each virus in serum; moreover, age, country of foaling, and clinical colic signs were significantly associated with the EqPVs infection. The newly identified EqPV-CSF/EqCoPV genomes had high nucleotide and amino acid identities with previously isolated strains in the USA. In phylogenetic analysis, they clustered and formed a new subgroup in the genus Copiparvovirus. To our knowledge, this is the first field epidemiologic study on EqPV-CSF and EqCoPV using both serum and fecal samples. Our findings demonstrate the risk factors for infection and could facilitate the development of disease prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among Bhutanese Monks in Thimphu, Bhutan: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Kinley Bidha ◽  
Nazmul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension is a major health problem and it accounts for more than 9.4 million people to die every year globally due to its high complications. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and high research importance has been given due to its high prevalence. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and to assess its risk factors among monks populations in Thimphu. A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling method was conducted among the five different monasteries in Thimphu. A self administered questionnaire was structured for 307 monks from age 18 and above. The prevalence rate of hypertension in the present study was 32.6% among Bhutanese monks. Hypertension is significantly higher in elder age groups which conclude that hypertension increase with the increase of age and have a strong association. Alcohol use, betel consumption, and physical inactivity were found to be significant risk factors for developing hypertension. With the 32.6% prevalence rate, only 26% of them are receiving medications. There is an impending need for effective intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Osman Gani ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽  
Md Ershaduzzaman ◽  
AKM Anisur Rahman ◽  
Sajeda Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Serum Agglutination ◽  
Age And Sex

An investigation was carried out to study the seroprevalence and risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in sheep in Bangladesh. For this, highly sheep populated ten different districts including all seven divisions of Bangladesh were selected where sheep of Panchagarh (151), Naogaon (101), Tangail (83), Noakhali (56), Sunamganj (52), Patuakhali (119) and Dhaka (75) were tested but sheep of Chapai Nawabganj, Khulna, Noakhali and Feni has under tested for Brucellosis. In the present study, seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis was tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). About 5% sheep might have got Brucella infection. The highest Brucella antibody was observed in sheep of Tangail district (8.4%) followed by the sheep of Savar (8.0%), where as sheep of Subarna Char and Kala Para were free from Brucella antibody. In relation to age and sex, adults (6.5%) were more positive than young (3.6%) and female (5.3%) were more susceptible than male (3.8%).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 13-18

scholarly journals Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Infection in Children of Barbhanjyang VDC, Tanahun District, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Tara Dahal ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Cellophane Tape ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Percent Female

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in children of Barbhanjyang Village Development Committee, Tanahun, District, Nepal. A total of 110 Scotch tape (Cellophane tape) samples of children aged between 1-12 years were collected and microscopically examined. Altogether 14(12.72%) enterobias prevalence cases were reported in children including sixteen percent male and nine percent female cases. High prevalence of pinworm infection was the age group of 5-8 years (5.45%). The infection rate was significantly associated with ethnic groups (?2 =11.824, df=2, P=0.003) since the prevalence rate was highest in Dalit children (64.28%) compared to others. Itching behaviour of children around the perianal regions was directly associated with the prevalence rate of the pinworm (P=0.0325). Nail biting habit of children was also found to be statistically significant (P=0.024).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 18-21

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Patients Visiting Nepal Police Hospital in Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Rajbhandari ◽  
Sundar Prasad Hyoju ◽  
Lisasha Poudel ◽  
Anurag Adhikari ◽  
Badri Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence Rate ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: The growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical threat for global health,including in Nepal, especially in Kathmandu District, where diabetic patients are increasing in hospitals catastrophically. This study tends to assess the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes among admitted patients visiting a hospital in Kathmandu. Methods: An electronic chart review was done to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in NepalPolice hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ethical approval was taken from the Nepal Health ResearchCouncil. Considering eligibility criteria, 8631 cases from 4 May 2018 to 31 August 2020 wereobserved. The calculated sample size was 500. However, all diabetic cases, i.e., 576, were processedand analyzed using Python and later visualized using MS Excel. Results: The overall prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes was 6.67%. The prevalence rate was seen higher among males (7.5%). Similarly, a high prevalence rate was seen among 64-73 years, i.e., 15.10%. Conclusions: The findings showed a high prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes. Older age groups are athigh risk. Urgent public health interventions including lifestyle modification measures are requiredto reduce the extra burden of type 2 diabetes.

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