scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HAEMOPROTOZOAN DISEASES IN EQUINES OF NORTHERN REGION OF SINDH, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
M. A. Kumbhar ◽  
M. G. Shah ◽  
J. A. Gadahi ◽  
Z. A. Laghari ◽  
M. Kumbhar
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Working Efficiency

Haemoprotozoan infections causes devasting loss to the livestock population through mortality and morbidity thereby reducing their production and lowered working efficiency. The present study was conducted to investigate the haemoprotozoan infection in equines in the district Larkana in northern Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 300 blood samples were collected from different species of equines in various localities of Larkana. The study was carried on stray and reared equines, including horses, donkeys and mules. The overall prevalence rate of protozoan infection in equines was found as 23.33% (70 animals) at different talukas/tehsils of district Larkana. Equine species wise haemoprotozoan infection was recorded as 7.69%, 24.11% and 20% in horses, donkeys and mules, respectively. Overall age-wise protozoan prevalence was determined as 18.5% in below 2 year and 23.80% in above 2 years age group. Whereas, in horses the infection rate was noted as 7.69% in above 2 years age group. The donkeys, above 2 years age group were susceptible for haemoprotozoan infections, which was recorded as 24.70% as compared to below 2 years age group (18.51%). In case of mules, the infection rate was recorded as 20% in above 2 years of age group. Overall gender-wise protozoan prevalence was found 43.46% in male equines, whereas in female, it was 21.73%. Equine species wise infection was recorded high in male of horses (9.09%), donkeys (24.13%) and mule (20%) as compared to female horses (0%), donkeys (23.80%) and mule (0%). Housing wise prevalence was recorded as high (51.51%) in chhapra than open (15.97%) and paka (24.39%).The management wise infection was recorded as 100% in stray equines as compared to reared ones (22.81%). The current study provides a baseline data on the prevalence of haemoprotozoans in equines in northern Sindh which may be helpful in designing control strategies for infectious diseases in equines.

An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of Anaplasma ovis Parasite in Native Goats in Anbar Province- Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 4

This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of Anaplasma ovis parasite in the native goat of some areas in Anbar province (Ramadi, Fallujah, Khalidiya, Hit and Baghdadi), by collecting 156 blood samples of both sexes andm different ages ranging from one month to nine years for the period from March 2017 to February 2018, the parasite was diagnosed with microscopic examination using Giemsa stain. The results showed a total infection rate 34.6%, the infection rate in females was 38.8% higher than that of males 29.5% and significant differences (p≤ 0.05). The highest rate of infection (40, 39.5%) was observed for the age group 4-5 years and 6-7 years respectively. The highest rate was 75% in April and lowest rate 18.1% in February. The study also included a number of hematological parameters, which showed a decrease in total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) in the infected goats.

scholarly journals Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Infection in Children of Barbhanjyang VDC, Tanahun District, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Tara Dahal ◽  
Mahendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Cellophane Tape ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Percent Female

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in children of Barbhanjyang Village Development Committee, Tanahun, District, Nepal. A total of 110 Scotch tape (Cellophane tape) samples of children aged between 1-12 years were collected and microscopically examined. Altogether 14(12.72%) enterobias prevalence cases were reported in children including sixteen percent male and nine percent female cases. High prevalence of pinworm infection was the age group of 5-8 years (5.45%). The infection rate was significantly associated with ethnic groups (?2 =11.824, df=2, P=0.003) since the prevalence rate was highest in Dalit children (64.28%) compared to others. Itching behaviour of children around the perianal regions was directly associated with the prevalence rate of the pinworm (P=0.0325). Nail biting habit of children was also found to be statistically significant (P=0.024).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 18-21

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthes with Respect to Age, Sex and Breeds of Chicken Slaughtered at Eke Awka Market, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. C. Ozougwu ◽  
C. A. Imakwu ◽  
S. C. Eziuzor ◽  
J. E. Ekeleme ◽  
O. P. Okeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fecal Specimen ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum

Aim: This research was designed to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminthes with respect to age, sex and breeds of chicken slaughtered at Eke-Awka Market, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: Fecal specimen was obtained from 150 Chicken slaughtered at Eke-Awka, Market, Anambra State, Nigeria from August to October 2019. The Fecal specimen was processed following floatation and the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to get the percentage prevalence and chi-square to determine the association of prevalence in relation to age, sex and breeds of the chickens; level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of the 150 fecal specimens examined, 63 were found to be infected with intestinal helminthes parasites, giving a prevalence of 42%. The parasites found were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina cesticillus. Raillietina cesticillus was observed to have the highest prevalence which is 16.7%. With respect to gender, a total of 38 males were found to be infected by helminthes parasites and the prevalence among males was 25.3%. Raillietina cesticillus infected the highest number of male chickens 17 (44.7%). A total of 25 female chickens were infected, with a prevalence of 16.7%, Ascaridia galli infected the highest number of female chickens 11 (44%). With respect to age groups, a total of 24 chickens aged (0 – 5) months were infected with a prevalence of 16%. Raillietina cesticillus had the highest infection rate 12 (50%). In the age group (6 – 10) months, a total of 21 chickens were infected giving a prevalence rate of 14%. Ascaridia galli recorded the highest infection rate 9 (49.9%). Among age group 11 months and above, the total number of infected chickens was 18, giving a prevalence rate of 12%. Heterakis gallinarum recorded the highest infection rate 8 (44.4%). With respect to breeds, a total of 28 old layer chickens were found to be infected by helminthes parasites and its prevalence was 18.7%, Raillietina cesticillus had the highest infection rate 13 (46.4%). The broiler had a total infection rate of 22 which gave a prevalence of 14.7%. Raillietina cesticillus had the highest infection rate of 9 (40.9%). Among the Native chickens, the total number of infections was 13 and its prevalence rate was 8.7%. Ascaridia galli recorded the highest infection rate which was 8 (61.5%). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthes was 42%, the helminthes parasites found were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina cesticillus.  Raillietina cesticillus was observed to have the highest prevalence 16.7%. Government and poultry owners should ensure that good caging and management systems are adopted to prevent the spread of intestinal helminthes among chickens so as to ensure maximum output from poultry production.

An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of Anaplasma ovis Parasite in Native Goats in Anbar Province- Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Suad Shallal Shahatha
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 4

This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of Anaplasma ovis parasite in the native goat of some areas in Anbar province (Ramadi, Fallujah, Khalidiya, Hit and Baghdadi), by collecting 156 blood samples of both sexes and different ages ranging from one month to nine years for the period from March 2017 to February 2018, the parasite was diagnosed with microscopic examination using Giemsa stain. The results showed a total infection rate 34.6%, the infection rate in females was 38.8% higher than that of males 29.5% and significant differences (p≤ 0.05). The highest rate of infection (40, 39.5%) was observed for the age group 4-5 years and 6-7 years respectively. The highest rate was 75% in April and lowest rate 18.1% in February. The study also included a number of hematological parameters, which showed a decrease in total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) in the infected goats

Study of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication in Fire Victimis

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2932-2935
Author(s):  
Sofia David ◽  
Anton Knieling ◽  
Calin Scripcaru ◽  
Madalina Diac ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Intoxication ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
In Fire

Carbon monoxide poisoning is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of toxic origin in the world. Its insidious and polymorphic symptomatology makes it difficult to diagnose. It occurs accidentally, because of non-supervised domestic fires, or in fire victims. In fire victims, in particular, the differential diagnosis between carbon monoxide gas poisoning, inhalation of other toxic products of combustion like cyanide, oxygen deprivation, thermal burns and shock due to burns as a cause of death is not an easy task. The authors examined 107 fire victims that were autopsied at the Forensic Medicine from Iasi, Romania, in the last 10 years (2007-2016). Most cases were males (69.16%), young (0-9 years) or older than 60 with a burned surface of 91-100% in 68.22% of cases. Blood samples from the cadavers were collected in all cases in order to analyse carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis. Toxicological analysis revealed a carboxyhaemoglobin level of maximum 95% but the majority of cases (70.72%) had a concentration inferior to 50%. An inverse correlation was identified between carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and haemolysis, an indicator of heat dissociation. Our study proves that many fire victims may die because of carbon monoxide intoxication prior to the extent of burns at a lethal potential.

scholarly journals Salmonella Bacterin Vaccination Decreases Shedding and Colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Eduarda Alexandra Gonçalves de Oliveira Moura ◽  
Daniela Gomes da Silva ◽  
Caio Henrique Turco ◽  
Thainara Vitoria Carnevalli Sanches ◽  
Gabriel Yuri Storino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Commercial Vaccine ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Over Time

Since the occurrence of swine salmonellosis has increased over time and control strategies other than biosecurity are highly recommended, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with Salmonella Choleraesuis and Salmonella Typhimurium bacterins in pigs. Two experimental groups were formed: G1, animals immunized with two doses of a commercial vaccine (n = 20); G2, control group (n = 20). After vaccination, all pigs were orally challenged (D0) with 108 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and evaluated for 40 days. Every 10 days after D0, five piglets from each experimental group were euthanized and submitted to the necroscopic examination, when organ samples were collected. Blood samples and rectal swabs were collected before the first dose of the vaccine (D−42), before the second dose (D−21), before the challenge (D0), and thereafter, every three days until D39. Blood count, serum IgG measurement by ELISA, and the excretion of Salmonella Typhimurium in feces were evaluated. While the results from blood count and serum IgG concentration did not differ, the detection and excretion of Salmonella between G1 and G2 differed (p < 0.05). Therefore, it was observed that this vaccine partially protected the animals against experimental infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, reducing the excretion of bacteria in feces.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in chickens in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul ◽  
Witchuta Junsiri ◽  
Amaya Watthanadirek ◽  
Napassorn Poolsawat ◽  
Sutthida Minsakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
High Entropy

AbstractLeucocytozoon sabrazesi is the intracellular protozoa of leucocytozoonosis, which is transmitted by the insect vectors and affects chickens in most subtropical and tropical regions of the globe, except South America, and causing enormous economic losses due to decreasing meat yield and egg production. In this study, L. sabrazesi gametocytes have been observed in the blood smears, and molecular methods have been used to analyse the occurrence and genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi in blood samples from 313 chickens raised in northern, western and southern parts of Thailand. The nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) assay based on the cytb gene revealed that 80.51% (252/313) chickens were positive of L. sabrazesi. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sabrazesi cytb gene is conserved in Thailand, showed 2 clades and 2 subclades with similarity ranged from 89.5 to 100%. The diversity analysis showed 13 and 18 haplotypes of the sequences from Thailand and from other countries, respectively. The entropy analyses of nucleic acid sequences showed 26 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.24493 to 1.21056, while those of amino acid sequences exhibited 5 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.39267 to 0.97012. The results; therefore, indicate a high molecular occurrence of L. sabrazesi in chicken blood samples with the associated factors that is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hence, our results could be used to improve the immunodiagnostic methods and to find appropriate preventive control strategies or vaccination programs against leucocytozoonosis in order to mitigate or eliminate the harmful impact of this infection on chicken industry.

Serological evidence for Babesia canis infection of horses and an endemic focus of B. caballi in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hornok ◽  
Renate Edelhofer ◽  
G. Földvári ◽  
Anja Joachim ◽  
R. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level 1

In order to evaluate the seroconversion of horses to Babesia caballi and B. canis in Hungary, blood samples were collected from 371 animals on 23 different locations of the country. The presence of antibodies to B. caballi was screened with a competitive ELISA. All 29 positive samples came from one region (the Hortobágy). The prevalence of infection did not show correlation with sexes, and reached 100% in the age group of 2–5 years. Babesia canis -specific antibodies were demonstrated by IFAT in 6.74% of animals kept in 7 regions. The titres were low or medium level (1:40 to 1:160), indicating that the horses had previously been exposed to this piroplasm, but their infection must have been limited. The highest seropositivity rate was observed in the age group of 3–4 years, and males (stallions and geldings) were significantly more frequently infected than females. However, neither B. caballi nor B. canis could be identified in the peripheral blood samples of infected horses by PCR. Since most of the B. caballi -positive horses remained negative in the B. canis IFAT, whereas seroconversion solely to B. canis was detected in several regions of the country, serological cross-reaction between the two species can be discounted. This is the first serological evidence of horses being naturally infected with B. canis , supporting the view that piroplasms are less host specific than previously thought.

scholarly journals Seventeen years of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Southern Brazilian municipality

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilsandrei Cella ◽  
Simone Cristina Castanho Sabaini de Melo ◽  
Cátia Millene Dell Agnolo ◽  
Sandra Marisa Pelloso ◽  
Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Incomplete Filling ◽  
Residence Location

We reviewed the records of 151 patients diagnosed with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) from 1993 to 2009 in the municipality of Japura, Paraná, Brazil. Gender, age, occupation, place of residence, location of lesions, type and number of lesions were analyzed. The prevalence rate of ACL was 11.5/10,000 hab, of which 84.7% were male, 58.3% lived in rural area and 49.0% were farmers. The most frequent age group was between 30 to 39 years (26.6%). Skin lesions occurred in 92.7% of the patients with predominance in the lower limbs (23.9%) and 49.1% of the records did not include the number of lesions location due to incomplete filling. A single ulceration was present in 44.4%. Japurá is an endemic area for ACL, requiring public actions and preventive education.

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