Factors Affecting Uterine Prolapse among Females of 20-35 years on Semi-urban Area of Kathmandu District

Uterine prolapse is a significant public health problem in Nepal. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of uterine prolapse and to identify the possible risk factors for this. This is a cross sectional study conducted at semi urban area in Kathmadu district. A total of 168 women of age 25 – 34 years were surveyed, and nearly half of them were of 25-29 years. Maximum respondents (38.1%) were Chhettri, and least was Dalit (13.1%). Regarding occupation, two –third of the participants had agriculture and house maker as their main source of living. Among the interviewed population, the prevalence of uterine prolapse was found to be 11.9%. Among them, 15.3% were farmers, 29.4 % were daily wagers, 18.2% were Dalit and 16.7% were of age more than 28 years. This study showed that the income has a vital role in the occurrence of the uterine prolapse, the odds ratio was found to be 13.6 (CI: 4.6-38.5). The pregnancy below the age of 20 was found to be the second major cause (OR: 12.6, CI: 3.5 - 45). Similarly, other factors like parity, gravid, child spacing, lack of rest during pregnancy, heavy weight lifting were the significant factors to uterine prolapse (p<0.05). However, the type of delivery was not associated to the occurrence of uterine prolapse.

Download Full-text

Trends, Coverage and Influencing Determinants of Influenza Vaccination in the Elderly: A Population-Based National Survey in Spain (2006–2017)

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8020327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 327

Author(s):

Silvia Portero de la Cruz ◽

Jesús Cebrino

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Risk Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Public Health

Influenza is a significant public health problem and the elderly are at a greater risk of contracting the disease. The vaccination coverage of the elderly is below the Spanish target of 65% for each influenza season. The aims of this study were to report the coverage of influenza vaccination in Spain among the population aged ≥65 years and high-risk groups for suffering chronic diseases, to analyze the time trends from 2006 to 2017 and to identify the factors which affect vaccination coverage. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted including 20,753 non-institutionalized individuals aged ≥65 years who had participated in the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006, 2011/2012, and 2017. Sociodemographic, health-related variables, and influenza vaccination data were used. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables associated with influenza vaccination. Influenza vaccination coverage was 60%. By chronic condition, older people with high cholesterol levels and cancer had the lowest vaccination coverage (62.41% and 60.73%, respectively). This coverage declined from 2006 to 2017 in both groups. Higher influenza vaccination was associated with males, Spanish nationality, normal social support perceived, polypharmacy, worse perceived health, participation in other preventive measures, and increasing age and the number of chronic diseases.

Download Full-text

Urinary incontinence among female patients attending a selected public hospital in Bangladesh

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20192796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Shima Begum ◽

Khondoker Mahmuda Akter Halim ◽

Ratna Khatun ◽

Sharmin Islam ◽

A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Uterine Prolapse ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Urethral Injury ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

The Mean

Background: Urinary incontinence is a frequent public health problem with negative social consequences, particularly for women. Women are much more susceptible to urinary incontinence than men. Female susceptibility is the result of anatomical, social, economic and cultural factors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to find out the factors related to urinary incontinence, distribution of types of incontinence among female patients and their health care seeking behavior and socio-demographic characteristics among 121 adult female patients who attended the outpatient department of Gynae and Obstetrics department and Urology department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital during the period of January to June 2016. Data were collected through face to face interview. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 43.42 years and the mean monthly income of the respondents was 17409.09 taka. Little above nine-tenths (91.7%) of the respondents were Muslim and the majority of the respondents (47.9%) were living in pacca house. More than seven-tenths (73.6%) of the respondents were married and over 35% of the respondents were illiterate. Among the respondents about 42.1% of them had pressure type of incontinence, followed by mixed incontinence (27.3%). Over 65% had some complication during delivery and little above six-tenths (61.2%) had gynecological problems.Conclusions: Female urinary incontinence is a frequent and a major embarrassing healthcare problem in Bangladesh. Patients who had complications during labor, having multipara, recurrent UTI, gynecological problem such as uterine prolapse, urethral injury, had high percentage of urinary incontinence. Patients with urinary incontinence should be encouraged to seek treatment early as the problem can be treated.

Download Full-text

Determinants of Tobacco Use in a Selected Urban Area of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3573 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 48-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gias Uddin ◽

Md Mizanur Rahman ◽

Syed Md Akram Hussain

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Factors Affecting

Tobacco consumption is harmful to health, and is one of the main causes of death in worldwide. It is evident that the prevalence of tobacco consumption is raising in most of low and middle income countries. Considering this, a cross sectional study was conducted in a selected urban area of southern Bangladesh with a view to assessing the prevalence of tobacco consumption and factors affecting the use of tobacco use. Multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted to select the urban ward and the respondents were selected systematically. A total of 399 respondents were interviewed face to face using a semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis shows that 30% of the population of aged 18 years above were currently using tobacco of any form. The mean age of starting tobacco use was 18.8 years. The most frequent form of tobacco use was smoking cigarette followed by Zarda with betal quid. Multivariate analysis revealed that illiterate respondents were 3.3 times more tobacco users than their educated counterparts. It was also higher among the Muslims (OR=4.979; 95% CI=1.255-19.754). Tobacco use was also high among the labourer (OR=8.541; 95% CI=2.422-30.120) and businessmen (OR=7.727, 95% CI=2.501-23.875). However, no statistically significant association was found between current tobacco use and age, sex, housing condition and knowledge on tobacco use (p>0.05). The finding of this study suggests that as tobacco use is more prevalent among the poor and illiterate segment of the population, strong implementation of anti-tobacco legislation is warranted. DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v38i2.3573 Bangladesh Medical Journal 38(2) 2009 48-52

Download Full-text

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ABOUT PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS REGARDING PUNISHMENT OF RAPE FOR ACCUSED

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2020.62.04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Suba Tvisha N ◽

PRITISH KRISHNA RAUT ◽

Kadu Sandeep S

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Medical Students ◽

Sex Education ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Health Issues ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Rape is a significant social and public health problem that has severe shattering effect on victims, including negative consequences on physical health, mental health, academic performance, and interpersonal and social relationships. It is important to know the perception and opinion of young people about the punishment of rape and increase transparency and one’s participation in the implementation of act. Aim: To spread awareness and portray severity of crime by learning the perception of medical students towards the punishment given for rape accused and to examine dimensionality of rape attitudes and its law in youth. Methods: Data was collected from 100 randomly selected medical students with the help of questionnaire and verbal discussion with them. Results: All the students were in the age group of 18 to 24 years. Only 47% were aware about the exact punishment given for accused. Maximum (75%) participants feel that death should be the ideal punishment and it should be given immediately as soon as the accused is found guilty. Inadequate mentality and lack of sex education are considered as major causes that provoke a person to commit rape. Majority of the cases are not reported because of social stigma and family reputation. Conclusion: Education is the most favored approach to sex related violence in the community. It is important to support every individual, as it plays a vital role in gaining media and government attention, which is a step forward for the betterment of the society, and soon towards the complete eradication of such social and public health issues like rape and sexual assault.

Download Full-text

Factors Affecting Gingivitis among Patients Attending in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Delta Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/dmcj.v3i1.22233 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9-12

Author(s):

Mst Mostary Zannath ◽

Md Monoarul Haque ◽

Masuma Akther

Keyword(s):

Fast Food ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting

Background: Gingivitis is one of the common diseases in Bangladesh and a public health problem also. Broadly factors of two categories are responsible for the occurrence of gingivitis: anatomical and behavioral. Few physiological factors also have influence. In Bangladesh we have no national health survey on periodontal condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting gingivitis among patients of 15 to 40 years of age attending in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city.Materials and method: This was a cross sectional study and purposive sampling method was used. Total 200 samples were taken who fulfilled the inclusion criteria by pretested structured questionnaire in outpatient department (OPD) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: The mean(±SD) age of respondents was 27±5 years. Dietary factors responsible for gingivitis were sweets (80%), followed by fast food (14%). Regarding behavioral factors, smoking (48%), tobacco using (8%) and betel nuts chewing (28%) influenced gingivitis. Most of the respondents (89%) were suffering from gingivitis for at least one year and gum bleeding was documented in 99% of respondents. Conclusion: Dietary and behavioral patterns were found to be responsible for gingivitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v3i1.22233 Delta Med Col J. Jan 2015; 3(1): 09-12

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Strabismus in Primary School Children of Tehsil Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.7-1.99 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21

Author(s):

Faheem Ullah ◽

Naheed Mahsood ◽

Waqas Mohyuddin ◽

Saadullah Afridi ◽

Zia Ur Rehman

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

School Children ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Public Health

OBJECTIVES: Refractive errors and strabismus continue to remain a significant public health problem. Among school children it has an impact on child development. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive error and strabismus among primary school children. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the school children. Data was collected in November-December 2013. Visual impairment was defined as, presenting VA of < 6/12. A total of 2288 children (1746 boys and 542 girls) were screened from 26 randomly selected schools. Stratified sampling technique was used. Data were collected on pre-designed questionnaires and entered and analyzed by SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The mean age of children was 8.10 + 2.3 years. About 4% children were found visually impaired. The prevalence of refractive error was found to be 5.4%, of which 88.6% was uncorrected refractive error. The prevalence of refractive error was found higher in girls than boys, 6.8% and 5.0% respectively. Among types of refractive error, myopia prevalence was 2.3%, hypermetropia prevalence was 2.0% and astigmatism prevalence was 1.1%. The prevalence of strabismus was 1.3%. Refractive error was found as a main cause of visual impairment in school children. Prevalence of strabismus among this study population is relatively low as compared to the global prevalence of 2% to 5%. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that more study to determine the extent of the problem and possible factors for development of refractive error and strabismus types are needed to mitigate these conditions.

Download Full-text

Utility of anthropometric indicators in predicting osteoporosis in ambulant community dwelling rural postmenopausal women from southern India

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/0049475520922769 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 228-232

Author(s):

Kalyani Sridharan ◽

Kripa E Cherian ◽

Mathews E Kurian ◽

Hesarghatta S Asha ◽

Thomas V Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South Indian ◽

Significant Public Health

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mineral density (BMD) and is a significant public health problem in India. This cross-sectional study was done to assess the relationship between various anthropometric measures and BMD in 308 rural dwelling South Indian postmenopausal women. Anthropometric variables such as weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and neck circumference (NC) were measured. BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (NOF). The mean age ± SD of study participants was 60.7 ± 7.8 years. All anthropometric variables showed positive correlation with BMD at NOF and LS ( P < 0.05). Weight showed the best correlation (r = 0.482 for NOF and 0.412 for LS; P < 0.001). On multivariate logistic regression, age and weight remained significant for predicting femoral neck osteoporosis while weight and WC were the best predictors for LS osteoporosis. These anthropometric measures may serve as surrogate markers for osteoporosis and thus be used to screen postmenopausal women for referral to a centre with fewer limited resources.

Download Full-text

Identification and evaluation of human errors of Epoxy control room operators of a pipe Mill company using HEC technique

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.18502/tkj.v13i3.8199 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

GH Shirali ◽

B Jafari ◽

F Raoufian

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Control Room ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Human Errors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Job Tasks ◽

Pipe Mill ◽

Job Task

Introduction: In many workplaces today, the incidence of human error can lead to catastrophic accidents in which human error is the main cause of accidents. Due to the vital role of the control room in guiding and controlling various sites of the pipe industry, especially the outer coating sector, the incidence of any error can lead to human accidents, damage to machinery, interruption in production. This study aimed to identify and evaluate human error by Human Error Calculator (HEC) method in the epoxy control room of a pipe mill company. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, the HEC method was used to identify and evaluate human errors. The HEC technique is provided by Risk Map Company, in which the probability of human error is based on five factors affecting the occurrence of human error, including a degree of urgency, complexity, importance, degree of individual skill, and task repetition, using a disk-shaped tool called Risk Disk is determined through direct observation, available instructions and interview with the head of the mentioned unit. Results: According to the results of this study, out of 11 identified tasks, five job tasks with a risk number of 70% have a high probability of human error, four job tasks with a risk number of 50%, and one job task with a number There is a 40% risk of moderate human error, And a job task with a 20% risk number has an increased chance of human error. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the HEC method is easy to use and is a simple and useful tool for professionals to calculate the probability of human error. In addition, HEC is a practical, effective and beneficial method for managers to reduce human error.

Download Full-text

Malnutrition and its related factors among children 0-5 years in rural Shamirpet mandal, Ranga reddy district, India.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.04.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (04) ◽

pp. 5340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pavani Varma M.* ◽

Prasad S.V.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Significant Public Health Problem ◽

Significant Public Health

Malnutrition continues to be a significant public health problem and is associated with many risk factors. To determine the association between prevalence of undernutrition, socio-demographic and maternal characteristics. It is a cross sectional study.400 children were examined for their weights and heights. Information is collected regarding the risk factors which are usually associated with undernutrition. The relevant information was recorded from each village of the mandal according to probability proportion to size. Significant association has been found with birth weight, birth interval and maternal occupation. Health education of parents regarding importance of ante-natal check-ups, proper birth spacing is essential.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and severity of tooth wear in 12 to 15 year old school children in the Gurgaon district, Haryana, India: a cross-sectional study

Archives of Oral Research ◽

10.7213/archivesoforalresearch.09.002.ao07 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Savita Solanki ◽

Ishita Gupta ◽

Sumanth Prasad ◽

Chinmaya B. R. R.

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Chi Square Test

Introduction: Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. However, literature on tooth wear prevalence is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of tooth wear among 12 to 15 year old children of private schools of Farukhnagar block (Gurgaon) Haryana. Material and Methods: 973 school children in the age group of 12 to 15 year from the Gurgaon district were included in the study. All permanent teeth were examined by two trained calibrated examiners using CPITN probes in four surfaces, namely cervical (C), buccal (B), occlusal (O) or incisal (I) and palatal (P) or lingual (L) surface using Tooth Wear Index (TWI) . SPSS 19 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 26,230 teeth were examined. Overall prevalence of tooth wear was 29.7%. Most frequently af¬fected teeth were the Incisors (15.4%), followed by the Molars (7.4%). Incisal/occlusal surface was the most commonly affected surface. All the tooth wear lesions observed were mostly confined to the enamel (76.4%). Boys had statistically significant higher tooth wear prevalence (16.2%) compared to girls (13.5%). Dental fluorosis determined higher tooth wear prevalence (61.5%). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of tooth wear among school children, and boys have more tooth wear compared to girls. Dental fluorosis is associated with high risk for tooth wear. Thus tooth wear poses a significant public health problem, and steps should be taken for early diagnosis, prevention and management.

Download Full-text