scholarly journals Analysis of chlorophyll content and its correlation with yield attributing traits on early varieties of maize (Zea mays L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikal Ghimire ◽  
Deepika Timsina ◽  
Jyotsna Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Hundred Kernel Weight ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Ear Number

Chlorophyll has direct roles on photosynthesis and hence closely relates to capacity for photosynthesis, development and yield of crops. With object to explore the roles of chlorophyll content and its relation with other yield attributing traits a field research was conducted using fourteen early genotypes of maize in RCBD design with three replications. Observations were made for Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) reading, ear weight, number of kernel row/ear, number of kernel/row, five hundred kernel weight and grain yield/hectare and these traits were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation coefficient analysis. SPAD reading showed a non-significant variation among the genotypes while it revealed significant correlation with no. of kernel/row, grain yield/hectare and highly significant correlation with no. of kernel row/ear and ear weight which are the most yield determinative traits. For the trait grain yield/ha followed by number of kernel row/ear genotype ARUN-1EV has been found comparatively superior to ARUN-2 (standard check). Grain Yield/hectare was highly heritable (>0.6) while no. of kernel / row, SPAD reading, ear weight, number of kernel row/ear were moderately heritable (0.3-0.6). Correlation analysis and ANOVA revealed ARUN-1EV, comparatively superior to ARUN-2 (standard check), had higher SPAD reading than mean SPAD reading with significant correlation with no. of kernel/row, no. of kernel row/ear, ear weight and grain yield/ha which are all yield determinative traits . This showed positive and significant effect of chlorophyll content in grain yield of the maize.Journal of Maize Research and Development (2015) 1(1):134-145DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34263

Grain yield, dry matter remobilization and chlorophyll content in maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen and water deficit

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-356
Author(s):  
Mahta Haghjoo ◽  
Abdollah Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield

Out of 20, 40, 60 and 80 per cent moisture depletion 20% showed significantly higher grain yields, biological yield, chlorophyll a, b than the others. However, the highest contribution of stem and leaf dry matter remobilization in grain yield were obtained in 80% moisture depletion and 300 kg N/ha and the lowest one was found in the 20% moisture depletion and 150 kg N/ha. Nitrogen application increased all traits, however there were no significant difference between 250 and 300 kg N/ha.

scholarly journals Variance components of combining ability for different morpho-physiological traits for heat tolerance in bread wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1338-1342
Author(s):  
Amarjeet Kumar ◽  
Swati Swati ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Birendra Prasad ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Physiological Characters

To estimate the level of heat tolerance for different genotypes of bread wheat with respect to morphological characters under studied grains/ spike, grain weight/spike, grain filling duration (duration between the anthesis stage and the physiological maturity), 1000-kernel weight and grain yield/plant for yield. Physiological traits like relative injury (RI %), chlorophyll content, canopy temperature depression (CTD), were used in present investigation to contribute toward capability of plants to tolerate heat stress of the yield contributing traits during heat stress.The findings of present investigation had clearly explained that influences of environments on morpho physiological characters i.e. grain yield per plant (14886.15) and its attributing traits i.e. spike length (459.7), tillers per plant (622.34), spikelets per spike (278.1), 1000 kernel weight (13262.39), grain weight per spike (177.89) and number of grains per spike (2898.44) in wheat were highly significant and positive. Among the parent and their crosses had handsome amount of variations across the environment. The results of interaction for environments with parents, lines, testers and their crosses with respect to morpho physiological characters in wheat was found significant for some characters while variation was absent for other characters studied. Physiological traits like relative injury per cent, chlorophyll content and CTD were vital parameters to quantify the degree of heat stress to develop tolerant genotypes which is urgent and present need under changing climate scenario.

scholarly journals Effects of weed "Reestablishment" after hoeing on corn yields

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
A.C. Oliveira ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
F.C.L. Freitas ◽  
T.S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Hundred Kernel Weight ◽  
Ground Part ◽  
Weed Removal

Some growers and researchers sustain the idea that regrowth or root setting of some weeds may occur after hoeing, with detrimental effects over corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weed removal from the field, removal after each hoeing, and corn intercropped with gliricidia on weed control and corn yield values. The experimental design consisted of blocks with split-plots and six replicates. Cultivars AG 1051 and BM 2022, planted in the plots, were submitted to the following treatments: no hoeing, two hoeings (at 20 and 40 days after planting), and intercropped with gliricidia. The hoed plots were either submitted to weed removal after the first, second, or both hoeings, or remained without weed removal. In the intercropped treatment, gliricidia was sown by broadcasting at corn planting between the corn rows, at a density of 15 seeds m-2. Twenty-five weed species occurred in the experiment; the most frequent was Digitaria sanguinalis (family Poaceae). The weed control methods tested had similar effects on the cultivars, which were not different from one another with respect to the evaluated traits, except for one-hundred-kernel weight, with cultivar AG 1051 being superior. Weed removal did not influence green corn yield or grain yield. However, the number of kernels/ear was higher in plots where weeds were removed in relation to plots without weed removal, suggesting that weed removal might be beneficial to corn. Besides, a higher dry matter weight was obtained for the above-ground part of weeds removed from the field after the first and second hoeings than the weight of weeds removed after the second hoeing only which, in turn, was higher than the weight of weeds removed after the first hoeing only. Green ear yield, grain yield, and dry matter of the above-ground part of the weeds did not show differences in hoed plots and were superior to the non-weeded plots and the intercropped plots, which were not different from each other; therefore, intercropping with gliricidia did not improve corn yield values.

Biplot analysis for multi-environment trials of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Safari Dolatabad ◽  
Rajab Choukan ◽  
Eslam Majidi Hervan ◽  
Hamid Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Two Sectors

Adapted maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids should be identified and chosen based on multi-environment trials analysing several traits. The objectives of this study were to identify mega-environments and suitable adapted maize hybrids based on both mean grain yield and grain yield stability and were to evaluate the 14 maize hybrids based on several desirable traits. Biplot analysis determined one mega-environment and two sectors that consist of one location in each sector for maize in Iran. The mega-environment included Kerman (KRM), Kermanshah (KSH), Moghan (MGN), Dezfol A (DZF A), Karaj (KRJ), Darab (DRB), Dezfol B (DZF B), Shiraz B (SHZ B), and Esfahan (ESF), where hybrid OSSK 602 was the best performing hybrid. The first sector included Khoramabad (KHM) where BC 678 was the best hybrid, and the second sector included Shiraz A (SHZ A) where ZP 599 was the hybrid with the highest performance. OSSK 602 was the best hybrid among all of the studied hybrids followed by ZP 677 and ZP 684. The genotype × trait biplot indicated that ZP 677 and OSSK 602 had greater thousand-kernel weight and grain number, whereas ZP 684 had longer day to maturity and larger cob diameter. KSC 700, KSC 704, and BC 678 had higher ear height and more days to tasseling than other hybrids. The genotype × trait biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and it was used in identifying hybrids that are good for some particular traits.

scholarly journals Effect of Farmyard Manure Application on Yield and Some Quality Characteristics of Popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt) at the Organic Farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Gulgun Oktem ◽  
Abdullah Oktem
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Set Up

Aims: It was aimed to determine the effect of different levels of farmyard manure on yield and quality attributes of the popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt) grown under second crop conditions. Study Design: The experiment was set up according to randomized complete blocks experimental design with 3 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: Research was conducted in 2018 under Harran Plain conditions as second crop, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Methodology: Antcin hybrid popcorn variety was used as a plant material. Farmyard manure (FYM) applications were 0 (control), 1 tone da-1 FYM, 2 tone da-1 FYM, 3 tone da-1 FYM, 4 tone da-1 FYM, 5 tone da-1 FYM and 6 tone da-1 FYM. In study, plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume and protein ratio values were researched. Results: Farmyard manure levels were significant in all tested characteristics. Farmyard manure levels effected positively on plant height (P≤0.05), stem diameter, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume and protein ratio (P≤0.01). The highest plant height value was seen 6 tone da-1 application of FYM application whereas the lowest plant height value was found at control parcel. Stem diameter value ranged from 19.33 mm (control) to 23.87 mm (5 tone da-1 FYM). The highest grain yield value obtained from 6 tone da-1 FYM (489.71 kg da-1) while the lowest value was seen at control parcel (219.95 kg da-1). But 4, 5 and 6 tone da-1 FYM applications were found in same statistical groups. 1000 kernel weight values ranged from 159.60 g to 204.67 g. The highest popping volume value was seen 6 tone da-1 FYM treatment. Protein ratio (%) values ranged from % 9.27 to %14.01. The highest protein ratio was obtained from 6 tone da-1 FYM while the lowest protein ratio value was found at control parcel. Conclusion: All farmyard manure levels effected positively on plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, popping volume and protein ratio. The highest grain yield value was seen at 6 tone da-1 FYM. But, 4, 5 and 6 tone da-1 FYM treatments were in the same statistical groups. There was no statistically significant increase in grain yield after 4 tone da-1 farmyard application (478.57 kg da-1). According to research results, considering grain yield, popping volume and protein ratio values, 4 tone da-1 farmyard manure was seen sufficient in organic popcorn cultivation.

scholarly journals RESPOSTA DO MILHO SAFRINHA À ADUBAÇÃO EM DUAS ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
EDUARDO DE PAULA SIMAO ◽  
ÁLVARO VILELA RESENDE ◽  
MIGUEL MARQUES GONTIJO NETO ◽  
EMERSON BORGHI ◽  
ÀLISSON VANIN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
Ear Number ◽  
Npk Fertilization

RESUMO - Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta do milho à adubação NPK, em semeadura realizada nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro, sucedendo a cultura da soja, em Rio Verde-GO. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial 4x2, constituído por quatro opções de adubação NPK na semeadura, com ou sem adubação nitrogenada de cobertura. Foram cultivados os híbridos P 30F53 YH e DKB 310 PRO, no primeiro e segundo anos, respectivamente, e coletados os dados de altura de plantas e de espigas, número de espigas, de fileiras por espiga, de grãos por fileira, massa de 1.000 grãos e produtividade. A produtividade de grãos do milho safrinha é influenciada pelas épocas de semeadura que definem as condições de disponibilidade hídrica, e pela adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, sem expressar resposta à adubação NPK na semeadura, que, em janeiro, favorece a produtividade, por conciliar melhor a distribuição de chuvas no final da fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo e na fase reprodutiva, etapas críticas para o potencial produtivo do milho. Independentemente da época de cultivo e da adubação NPK na semeadura, a aplicação de N em cobertura promove ganho significativo de produtividade da cultura. Palavras-chave: sucessão de culturas, adubação de manutenção, veranico, Zea mays L. SECOND-SEASON CORN RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION IN TWO SEEDING TIMES ABSTRACT - This study aimed to evaluate the response of maize to NPK fertilization in sowing in January and February, succeeding soybean crop, in Rio Verde, State of Goiás, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4x2 factorial scheme, and it consisted of four NPK options in seeding time, with or without nitrogen topdressing. Hybrids P 30F53 YH and DKB 310 PRO were grown in the first and second year, respectively. We collected the data of plant height, ears height, number of ears, number of rows per ear, number of grains by row, thousand kernel weight and productivity. The productivity of second-season maize grain is influenced by sowing time, which defines the conditions of water availability, and the nitrogen fertilization, without expressing response to NPK fertilizer at sowing. Seeding in January favors productivity to reconcile better distribution of rainfall at the end of the vegetative growth phase and reproductive phase, critical steps for the production of maize potential. Regardless of the growing season and NPK fertilization at sowing, application of N topdressing promotes significant productivity gain.Keywords: crop succession, fertilization, nutrient requirements, dry spell, Zea mays L.

Diallel analysis of maize lines with contrasting responses to applied nitrogen

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. MEDICI ◽  
M. B. PEREIRA ◽  
P. J. LEA ◽  
R. A. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Total Plant

Six S5 lines of maize, previously identified as having contrasting responses to nitrogen (N) supply, were used to carry out a complete series of diallel crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two N levels. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated using the method 4, model I analysis of Griffing for grain yield kernel weight, grain number, harvest index, green leaf number, ear leaf area, N utilization efficiency, total plant N, grain N content, anthesis-silking interval, chlorophyll content and prolificacy. For the majority of the traits, GCA was more important than SCA and there was an increase of non-additive effects under low N. Significant interactions were observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, grain number and chlorophyll content, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. The lines with the largest effects of N supply per se on grain yield, were those with the largest effects of GCA for this trait. This association indicates that the response of the lines to N supply, should be considered in breeding programmes in order to achieve acceptable hybrids for environments with both high and low N.

Wheat Tolerance to AE F130060 00 plus AE F115008 00 as Affected by Time of Application and Rate of the Safener AE F107892

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lane Crooks ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Safener ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Weight Number

Soft red winter wheat response to the herbicides AE F130060 00 plus AE F115008 00 applied alone or with the safener AE F107892 at the three-leaf, two-tiller, and six-tiller growth stages was determined in a field experiment in North Carolina. AE F130060 00 at 25 g ai/ha plus AE F115008 00 at 5 g ai/ha, twice the anticipated use rate, applied with safener injured wheat 9% but did not affect grain yield, grain test weight, number of spikes, number of kernels per spike, or kernel weight. Results were similar with safener at herbicide–safener ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 regardless of the wheat growth stage at application. Without the safener, AE F130060 00 plus AE F115008 00 applied at the three-leaf, two-tiller, and six-tiller growth stages injured wheat an average of 27% and reduced grain yields 5, 5, and 11%, respectively. Yield losses were attributed to reduced numbers of kernels per spike. AE F130060 00 at 12.5 g/ha plus AE F115008 00 at 2.5 g/ha plus AE F107892 at 15 g ai/ha did not affect grain yield or yield components.

Growing-season rainfall, ear number and the water-limited potential yield of wheat in south-western Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Narelle Simpson ◽  
Michael L. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ear Number

Knowledge of the contribution of ear number per unit area, grains per ear, and kernel weight to grain yield is important in understanding the limits to the water-limited potential yield of wheat in rain-fed agricultural regions. This paper analyses the relationships between grain yield, yield components and growing-season rainfall using data from the low-, medium-, and high-rainfall zones of the cropping region of south-western Australia. The aim of the paper is to quantify the contribution of ear number, grains per ear and kernel weight to grain yield and define the yield components of wheat required to achieve its water-limited yield. The grain yield of wheat was closely related to the number of grains per unit area (r2 = 0.90) and ears/m2 (r2 = 0.75), but poorly correlated with kernel weight (r2 = 0.30) and grains/ear (r2 = 0.09). The number of grains per unit area was highly related (r2 = 0.75) to the number of ears per unit area across the rainfall zones of the cropping region, and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.88–0.94) to the spike dry weight at anthesis. The highest yields achieved in the field were close to the water-limited potential estimated using the French and Schultz method. To achieve this water-limited potential, wheat requires 1 ear per m2 for every mm of growing-season rainfall (r2 = 0.92). We conclude that the number of ears per unit area is the most important factor required in order to achieve high yields of up to a yield of 6 t/ha in wheat in rain-fed south-western Australia.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variations in Temperature Accumulation, Phenological Development and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
M. Ali Akbar ◽  
M. Jafar Ullah ◽  
Mong Sanue Marma ◽  
M. Mahbubul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Development Temperature

Planting date effect on phenological development, temperature accumulation and grain yield of maize was evaluated at three locations of Bangladesh differing in environmental conditions. Marked variations were observed in days to attaining phenological stages, temperature accumulation, duration of growth stages and grain yield across locations and planting dates. October planted maize in Bandarban completed its life cycle in 116 days while February planted maize in Kaharol suffered from high temperatures. December planted maize in Birganj experienced cool weather in vegetative phase and nearly optimal temperatures during reproductive phase. High temperatures hastened maturity reducing the duration of reproductive growth. Early planted maize produced the highest grain yield. Higher grain yield was positively related with the duration of reproductive growth phase. Late planting reduced maize grain yield mainly through lowering the number of kernels per ear and reducing kernel weight.

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