scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinico- Laboratory Profile of Tuberculosis in Children in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Sah ◽  
Arun Giri ◽  
Niraj Niraula
Keyword(s):  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Laboratory Profile ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Introduction: Tuberculosis infection is very common, and it continues to be the major public health problem in Nepal. Published data about the epidemiology of TB in children is scarce in Nepal, though it is considered one of the most common causes of childhood morbidity in the country. Aims and objectives: To calculate the prevalence of tuberculosis in children aged 0-15 years and to study their clinico-laboratory profile. Methodology: This is a hospital based study conducted in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar over a period of one year. We analyzed 289 children aged 0-15 years suspected of having tuberculosis on clinical grounds and subjected to further screening tests. Results: Majority of the children were males and most of the children were 5-15 years of age. 15 of the cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis out of which one case was bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and be 5.2 %. Fever and cough were the most common clinical presentations and mantoux test and chest X-ray were most suggestive in majority of the cases. Conclusions: This study supports the use of history and thorough clinical examination and high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis.

scholarly journals A study on malaria cases in hilly areas and Terai belt of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRN Singh ◽  
Ram Bilakshan Sah ◽  
PK Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Malaria is a well-known disease and it continues to be a major public health problem at the start of new millennium. The problem is persistent not only amongst the city dwellers but also amongst the rural population.Objective: To identify the magnitude of malaria cases and to compare the malaria cases between hilly area and Terai belts.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Terai belt of Morang District Nepal at Nobel Medical College & Research Center Biratnagar from March to Oct 2007 and hilly area around Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital & Research Center Pravas, Tansen, Palpa of Nepal between March to December 2008. Blood samples were collected from all the cases and malaria parasites were examined by Peripheral Blood Smear Examination and Rapid Card Method Screening.Results: Thirty-five cases were malaria positive from hilly area of whom 80% had Plasmodium vivax infection. Whereas in Terai belt 231 positive cases ware recorded. Out of them (62.8%) cases were affected by Plasmodium vivax infection. That most vulnerable age group was 15 years and above. Males were more affected than females.Conclusion: It was observed that in hilly areas the numbers of positive cases are less than the Terai belt. The magnitude of malaria cases are found high in July. A steady decline has been observed till September to October Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 4-12

scholarly journals STUDY OF CLINICALAND LABORATORY PROFILE OF DENGUE FEVER WITH REFERENCE TO ACUTE COMPLICATION AND PROGNOSIS IN DR.B.R.AMBEDKAR MEDICAL COLLEGE, BANGALORE.

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Shilpa. R ◽  
Vishnu N Haygreev ◽  
Sreenivasa Chowdary. J
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Multisystem Involvement ◽  
Laboratory Profile ◽  
Land Scape

Dengue fever is an arthropod borne viral fever. It is acquiring epidemic proportion in this part of the world and it has become major public health problem with high mortality. Earlier it was prevalent in those areas with humid atmosphere and plenty of rain, with changing monsoon pattern this disease is becoming prevalent in deccan land scape including Karnataka. It is vital to recognize at the earliest the signs and symptoms, alteration in biochemical parameters and multisystem involvement pattern in dengue to treat effectively. This study is undertaken to evaluate common modes of clinical presentation and complications of dengue in our hospital and to correlate these features with laboratory findings which may help us in early diagnosis and better case management. Out of total 100 cases studied 65 were classified as classical dengue fever, 20 as DHF and 15 as DSS

scholarly journals Significance of Adenosine Deaminase in Diagnosing Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital Kohalpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
B.K. Shyam ◽  
Sujeet Kumar Shah ◽  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Sushil Baral ◽  
Sandeep Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pleural Biopsy ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. One of the common presentations of TB is pleural effusion. The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion can be difficult because of the low rate of detecting tubercular bacilli by direct stain and culture of pleural fluid for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Pleural biopsy can be useful but is invasive and requires experts. In this context, pleural fluid Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) level has been proposed as easy, cheap and highly sensitive test for diagnosis of TB pleural effusion.Objectives: The present study was undertaken to define the role of pleural fluid ADA value in accurate diagnosis of Tubercular pleural effusion.Methods: A Prospective analysis of 68 patients admitted in Nepalgunj Medical College teaching Hospital was done from January 2014 to December 2015 with pleural effusion. Pleural fluid ADA level was evaluated in all patients, and significance of pleural fluid ADA level in TB pleural effusion was studied.Results: Age of patients were between 20 to 80 years, with the minimum being 20 years and maximum being 79 years. In this study 85% of cases had pleural effusion due to tuberculosis. Out of the 68 patients with pleural effusion, 58(85%) were finally diagnosed to be due to tuberculosis, 2 were diagnosed to be due to malignancy, 4 due to pneumonia leading to parapneumonic effusion, 1 due to congestive heart failure and 3 due to nephrotic syndrome.Conclusion: It is difficult to diagnose TB pleural effusion by other conventional methods, as it has also been shown in our study also. Previous literatures have also mentioned AFB detection rate to be low from pleural fluid sample. Determination of ADA is a cheap and easy test which we now consider in the early routine evaluation of patients with pleural effusions, particularly if diagnosis of tuberculosis is suspected and in places where prevalence of the disease is still high as is in our country. The other method considered for diagnosing TB pleural effusion is pleural biopsy which is invasive blind procedure and requires high expertise as well. JNGMC Vol. 14 No. 1 July 2016

scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis among young children with severe pneumonia at Al Sabah Children’s Hospital, Juba, South Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Amanda Billy Berto Madison ◽  
Grace Ndeezi ◽  
Hassen Chollong ◽  
Justin Bruno Tongun ◽  
James K. Tumwine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide. It can present in an acute form especially in endemic settings,  which might lead to missed and delayed diagnosis, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality in children. South Sudan has a high prevalence of tuberculosis in the adult population. However, there is no published data on paediatric tuberculosis. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in children admitted with pneumonia in Al Sabah Children’s Hospital, South Sudan.Method: This was a cross sectional study of 404 children aged 2 to 59 months admitted with severe pneumonia from June-October 2018 at Al Sabah Children’s Hospital. We excluded children on anti-TB treatment. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire which captured socio-demographic characteristics, clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Sputum examination for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed for all participants using X-pert MTB/RIF. Additional investigations included Chest X-ray and blood count.Results: We recruited 404 children, out of which 78 (19.3%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. Of these, 13 (16.7%) were bacteriologically  confirmed while 65 (83.3%) were clinically diagnosed. The factors significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis were age above two years [AOR 2.32 (95% CI 1.04-5.17)] p value 0.039, positive HIV Status [AOR 24.2 (95% CI 2.88-202.62)] p value 0.003, severe acute  malnutrition [AOR 15.67 (95% CI 6.68-36.73)] p value <0.001, lack of BCG immunization [AOR 3.09 (95% CI 1.06-9.03)] p value 0.038, and contact with a known tuberculosis patient [AOR 55.14 (95% CI 10.12-300.6)] p value <0.001.Conclusion: There is a high burden of pulmonary tuberculosis in children presenting with severe pneumonia. There is a need for  screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in children with any of the associated factors to improve early diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness about Colorectal Cancer and Its Screening Guidelines among Doctors in Al Ahsa, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Bathula Surendra ◽  
Muhammad Mujtaba Hashir ◽  
Fahad Salman Al Harbi ◽  
Mohammed Jassim Al Nuwaysir ◽  
Khalid Majed Al Khaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Screening Guidelines

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a major public health problem. Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of deaths due to cancer in both men and women. Among, Saudi men, CRC is the most common malignancy while it is the third most common among Saudi women. Over, two decades the incidence and deaths due to CRC have been steadily increasing in Saudi Arabia. Regular and timely screening has the potential in reducing the incidence and deaths due to colorectal cancer. The present study is conducted to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer and its screening among the doctors.OBJECTIVES: To measure the frequency of knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer and its screening guidelines among doctors in Al-Ahssa.METHODS: A questionnaire based survey of the doctors (Specialists & residents), working in different hospitals and primary health centers under the Ministry of Health in Al Ahssa region, Eastern province, KSA.  Knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer and its screening among the doctors is evaluated.RESULTS: Over 80% of the doctors knew, screening reduces deaths due to CRC. Only 60% were aware about the risk factors and less than 50% knew the clinical features of CRC. About 60% doctors agreed Colonoscopy is gold standard screening test. While, less than 60% knew the ideal age to initiate screening and the actual interval of screening tests in the standard risk and high-risk population. Fewer than 25% doctors were aware about the American cancer society recommended screening guidelines. Majority of the doctors expressed keen interest to know and receive information about CRC and its screening guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Regular and timely screening reduces deaths due to CRC. There is a need for improving knowledge and awareness of doctors about CRC and its screening. Awareness among the doctors improves uptake of screening by the general and high-risk population.

scholarly journals Analysis of clinical profile of women presenting with pyrexia in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Surabhi Porwal ◽  
Amita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Central Nervous System Defects ◽  
High Risk Situation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Pyrexia in pregnancy is major public health problem in India. Pyrexia in pregnancy is associated with resorption of the embryo, foetal deaths and potentially lethal malformations such as central nervous system defects, abdominal-wall defects, and cardiovascular malformations. This study was carried out to analyse clinical profile of women presenting with pyrexia during pregnancy.Methods: After approval by institutional ethical committee the prospective case control study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (M.P.) from 1st June 2012 to 31st October 2013. Total 100 antenatal women with pyrexia taken as cases and 50 antenatal women without pyrexia taken as control were included and analyzed in this study. In women fulfilling inclusion criteria detailed history was taken and documented in proforma. Required investigations were sent to the department of pathology and virology laboratory of Indian Council of Medical Research, Jabalpur. Results were analyzed statistically by using t test and chi square test.Results: On analysis of clinical symptoms pyrexia, cough, malaise, rash, headache, nausea and vomiting, joint pain, anorexia, breathlessness and burning and frequency of micturition were significantly higher in cases as compare to control. Viral pathogens were responsible for most of the cases of pyrexia in pregnancy.Conclusions: Pyrexia in pregnancy is a high-risk situation, early identification and prompt treatment will reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with pyrexia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among the suspected patients visiting tertiary care hospital in Birgunj, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
B Shakya ◽  
P Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
National Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical

Background and Objectives: Mycobacterial disease continues to cause high morbidity and mortality and is a major public health problem in Nepal. Bacteriological examination of sputum is the cornerstone in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the developing world. This prospective study was carried out with an objective to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the patients visiting National Medical College Teaching Hospital by Ziehl- Neelsen (Zn) staining microscopy. Material and Methods: The study was cross-sectional study. Three consecutive early morning sputum collected from 626 patients were subjected to Zn staining and observed under oil immersion. Results: Among 626 patients, 85 (13.57%) were found to be Acid fast positive by Zn staining microscopy. Of total suspected patients,16.0% of male and 8.7% of female were infected, common among 41-60 years group (17.2%) followed by 21-40 years (12.6%) and multibacillary cases was 71.8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among National medical college teaching hospital was found to be higher than the Nation pulmonary tuberculosis detection rate, most commonly infecting males. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7886 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (1):48-52

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding various tobacco products and their effects on health and COTPA act among ≥15 years age group persons in urban field practice area of a medical college in Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Almost All

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem. The prevalence of tobacco use among men has been reported to be high (generally exceeding 50%) from almost all parts of India. “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply, and Distribution) Act 2003”, which came into effect since 1st May 2004. Information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of population regarding COTPA is necessary to effectively implement the legislation. Hence the present study was undertaken.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional community-based survey carried out in urban slums of Nalgonda town. Data was collected using a structured schedule by interviewing 300 participants, aged above 15 years.Results: The current use of any tobacco was reported by 45.7% of the participants. Overall awareness of COTPA was 58.2%. Marital status, type of family, unemployment, Illiterates, lower SES, and age had a significant influence on tobacco use. Television (77.05%) was the major source of awareness regarding COTPA. The majority of smokers were aware of various sections of COTPA (>50%). About 34.8% of the participants had a favorable attitude towards COTPA. The positive attitude was more (53.7%) towards the display of health warnings on tobacco products among smokers. 11.2% had paid penalty for violation of the act and 32.4% have noticed a reduction in their habit to some extent.Conclusions: A concerted effort has to be made to increase the awareness of the act amongst the vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Surgical eye camp in rural area of Nepal and its role in Vision 2020

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kharel Sitaula ◽  
S N Joshi ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Eye Camps

Blindness continues to remain a major public health problem in Nepal and cataract is the leading cause. Cataract surgical coverage is relatively low in the rural areas where prevalence of blindness is high. To evaluate the role of surgical out­reached eye camps in rural Nepal and its impact in Vision 2020. This is a descriptive cross sectional camp based study in a remote village of Nepal, where 4 days screening of the eye disease mainly the cataract was done. 250 patients (54.80% males and 45.20% females) underwent eye health screening tests. Cataract was the commonest ocular disease (29.6%) among the screened population and 24% (60 patients) of them required cataract surgery (57% male and 43% female). The mean age of the operated patient was 71.84 ± 10.6years. Among the operated cases, bilateral blindness was present in 21.66% and unilateral blindness in 70% but after vision restoring cataract surgery, normal visual acuity (6/6-6/18) was achieved in 31(51.66%), and vision of 6/24-6/60 in 23 (38.33%) cases. Cataract remains to be the major cause of blindness in Nepal and arrangement of repeated surgical eye camps in the remote areas of Nepal could aid in reducing the prevent­able cause of blindness thereby help in achieving the goal of Vision 2020. 

scholarly journals Etiology of Maternal Mortality at Nepalgunj Medical College

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Durga B.C. ◽  
Ganesh Prasad Neupane ◽  
Maya Rai ◽  
Aseem Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Maternal mortality is an indicator of the quality of obstetric care in a community directly reflecting the utilization of health care services available. Maternal mortality has been recognised as a public health problem in the developing countries. Aim and Objective: To analyse the etiology of maternal deaths. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the gynaecology and obstetrics department of the Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital Banke Nepal for a period of two years from august 2016-august 2018. All cases of maternal deaths in line with the definition of World Health Organization have been included. Data were collected and analyzed. Results: Twenty three (23) maternal deaths were identified during the study period. 69.56% of deaths occurred due to direct obstetric causes. Uncontrollable postpartum haemorrhage with 37.5 % was the leading cause of maternal death followed by eclampsia (18.75%) and sepsis (18.75%). Indirect causes were dominated by heart disease. Maximum 56.5% of deaths had occurred after 48 hours of admission. Conclusions: Haemorrhage, eclampsia and infections are the main causes of maternal deaths in our study. access to emergency medication, transfusion and anaesthetic and surgical teams in hospitals but also through the involvement of religious leaders, traditional and any community to better understand the population obstacles to reducing maternal mortality.

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