scholarly journals Clinico-Mycological Profile of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Kewal Shrestha ◽  
Sujit Kumar Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kumari Ragani Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis

Background: Dermatophytes are keratinophilic and keratinolytic fungi which are responsible for dermatophytosis. There are three genera of dermatophytes; Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. As they have affinity to keratin rich tissue, they produce dermal inflammatory response, intense itching and cosmetically poor appearance. The varied clinical presentation of tinea results in delay in diagnosis, poor compliance in follow up of cases, and consequently spread of infection in the community has rekindled interest in rapid identification of species. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Nobel medical college from January 2019 to December 2019. Clinically suspected 200 cases of dermatophytosis attending Out Patient Department were studied. Isolation and identification was done by various tests like macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical tests. Results: Out of 200 specimens, 138 (69%) were skin scraping, 42 (21%) were nail clipping and 20 (10%) were hair stubs. Highest incidence was seen in the age group 21-40 years with 115 (57.5%) cases followed by 41-60 years 46 (23%) cases. In our study male preponderance of 158 (79%) and female of 42 (21%) were seen. Tinea corporis was found to be the commonest clinical type with 96 (48%) cases followed by tinea unguinum, 42 (21%), Tinea cruris 10 (11.36%), Tinea capitis 5 (5.68%), Tinea faciei 4 (4.54%), Tinea pedis 2 (2.27%). Among the fungal isolates Trichophyton rubrum (67.04%) was the most common etiological agent followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (13.63%), Epidermophyton 10 (11.36%), Trichophyton violaceum 4 (4.54%) and Epidermophyton floccosum 3 (3.4%). Conclusion: The most common clinical presentation was tinea corporis followed by tinea unguinum. T. rubrum was the most common etiological agent of dermatophytosis

scholarly journals Clinicomycological evaluation of dermatophytosis at tertiary care hospital in central India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Shyam Govind Rathoriya ◽  
Ankit Kumar Jain ◽  
Kavita A. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central India ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tinea Cruris

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dermatophytoses are the infection of keratinized tissues such as the epidermis, hair, and nails caused by a group of closely related filamentous fungi known as dermatophytes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. A total number of 150 clinically diagnosed cases of skin, hair and nail infections were randomly selected from all the age groups and of both the sexes, attending Dermatology Outpatient department of CMCH, Bhopal from January 2016-December 2017.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 150 subjects, most common clinical type of dermatophytosis, identified in our study, was tinea corporis in 53 (35.3%) subjects followed by tinea cruris in 34 (22.6%) subjects. 134 (89.3%) subjects were tested positive by direct microscopy (KOH mount) and 69 (46.0%) by culture. Highest KOH mount positivity was seen in patient suffering from tinea corporis (94.3%) followed by tinea cruris (94.1%). Culture positivity was highest with tinea corporis (54.7%) followed by tinea lesions on more than one site (47.3%) and tinea cruris (47.0%). In our study, total 69 culture positive samples were isolated and the most common species isolated was T. rubrum in 41 (59.42%) cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study gives valuable insight regarding clinical and mycological pattern of superficial fungal infections in this region as well as shows the importance of mycological examination of dermatophytosis samples for planning effective management. </p>

scholarly journals Pattern of UTI in Chronic Kidney Disease: Experience from A Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Marina Arjumand ◽  
Golam Mohammad Tayeb Ali ◽  
Pradip Kumar Dutta ◽  
Md Habib Hassan ◽  
Kazi Md Abrar Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is common and higher in prevalence in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). To find out the frequency and clinicobacteriological pattern of UTI in CKD patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 1000 of CKD patients attending Nephrology Department of Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH) a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh during January to December, 2017. Cleancatch midstream urine samples were collected from study populations irrespective of symptoms. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were done. Urine samples were then inoculated in Blood agar and Mac’Conkey agar and incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 18-24 hours. Microscopic observations and conventional biochemical tests were done to identify the isolated organisms. Significant growth of organisms in urine was defined as UTI. The isolated organisms were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by using modified Kirby Bauer technique. Results: The prevalence of UTI was 61.8%. with significant asymptomatic UTI for 28%. Gram-negative organisms were most frequent 564 (93%) with predominant Escherichia coli 399 (64%) followed by Klebsiella 113(18%) and Pseudomonas 39(6%). Among Gram positive isolates, Staphylococcus (6%) was the dominant organism isolated. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, Gram-negative microorganisms were found to be most sensitive to carbapenem and amikacin whereas Gram-positive microorganisms were most sensitive towards carbapenem, colistin and linezolid. Conclusion: In CKD patients, asymptomatic UTI was detected significantly. E.coli was found to be predominant organisms and resistant towards most of the studied common antibiotics. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 41-45

scholarly journals Frequency of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary care (Services Hospital) Lahore.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 576-580
Author(s):  
Khadija Muneer ◽  
Saima Ayub ◽  
Jazab Aqeel ◽  
Surraya Jaffer ◽  
Taimia Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Services

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive coccus responsible for severe morbidity and mortality as it causes community and hospital acquired infections. The Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for several difficult to treat infections in human. Objectives: To find out Frequency of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care (Services Hospital) Lahore. Period: Four months from 1st August 2017 to 30th November 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 2534 isolates were obtained during the period (1 August 2017 to 30 November 2017) from patients at a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Specimen were inoculated on blood agar plates, strains obtained were confirmed for Staphylococcus aureus using conventional biochemical tests and oxacillin disk test was performed to confirm methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Result: Out of 104 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 46 (44.2%) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was 58 (55.8%). Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a big challenge for current health care system and this may be a cause of morbidity and mortality in community and hospital patients.

A STUDY ON TINEA CORPORIS INFECTION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, TIRUPATI

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
V. Pavani Sai Mounika ◽  
B. Mahalakshmi ◽  
CH. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
C. Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Dermatology Department ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Male Predominance

Purpose: Tinea corporis (Ringworm) is a form of Dermatophytosis, which is a supercial fungal infection involving the trunk, legs, arms, commonly seen in countries like India. Although it is non-invasive and curable, its widespread nature and recurrence rates impose an economic burden on society in developing countries like India. This study aims at isolating different species causing this infection and studying their clinical patterns. Method: The study included the samples from the outpatients attending the Dermatology department of SVRRGGH, Tirupati, who were suspected of having Tinea corporis based on the clinical details, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. The scrapings are examined by KOH mount and inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar and Dermatophyte test medium. The species are identied by colony morphology, Lactophenol cotton blue mount, biochemical reactions and standard procedures. Results: Out of 110 samples, overall positivity on direct microscopy is 78.2% (82), for Culture is 38.2%(42) and positive for both KOH and Culture are 38(34%). Out of 7 species isolated, the commonest isolate is Trichophyton mentagrophytes 19(45%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum 12(28%). Conclusion: Tinea corporis infections are more common in the 16-30 years age group, most of the patients belonging to low socioeconomic status with male predominance. Trichophyton species are commonly isolated from lesions in the waist and lower limbs, while Microsporum species from lesions on lower limbs. T. mentagrophytes was found to be the most common isolate and T. rubrum in case of extensive lesions.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae from blood stream infections at a tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Yadav ◽  
Narayan Raj Bhattarai ◽  
Basudha Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disk Method

Abstract Background Blood stream infection (BSI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has poses significant challenge to the clinicians and clinical microbiologists alike. Therefore its accurate diagnosis, isolation and identification of causative agents with appropriate antibiotics is required. This study is aimed to find out resistance pattern, e.g. extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, K1, carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) among isolates obtained from BSI. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, BPKIHS from 1st September 2014 to 31st August 2015. Isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, K1, and carbapenemase production by ten disk method. Confirmation for ESBL was done phenotypically by using combined disk method recommended by CLSI, AmpC sterile disk method for AmpC and K1 by combined disk method. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production was detected by imipenem-ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid double disk synergy test. Results A total of 11,264 blood samples were collected from the patients suspected of Blood Stream Infection. Of these isolates, 192 (1.70%) were Enterobacteriaceae. Among them, 94 (49%) were ESBL, 51 (26.5%) were carbapenemase and 10 (5%) were AmpC producers. Of 51 carbapenemase producers, 22 (11.5%) were MBL producers. None of the isolates were found to produce K1 β-lactamase. A total of 64 (33.4%) isolates were MDR. Conclusion MDR Enterobacteriaceae is found to be prevalent in our set up as important cause of BSI.

scholarly journals A study of correlation of serum albumin with dengue severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Thyagaraj . ◽  
Sreedevi T.
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dengue viruses are flavivirus, which include four serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4. Clinical expression of dengue virus infection vary from asymptomatic infection to severe dengue with shock. It is the most rapidly spreading vector borne disease in the world. An estimated 50 million dengue infections occur annually and approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue endemic countries. The objective of this study was to predict the severity of Dengue illness by correlating the serum albumin levels.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study done on patients admitted in Basaveshwara Medical College and Research Institute, Chitradurga, Karnataka, a tertiary care Hospital. Patients with Dengue NS1 Ag or IgM positive are included in the study after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Complete Blood count, serum albumin levels are estimated at the time of admission.Results: Study enrolled 100 patients with confirmed Dengue virus infection who were admitted to the hospital between July 2017 and December 2018. Serum samples taken within 24 hours of admission was used for biochemical tests. Out of 100 patients, 24 developed Severe Dengue. Cases of Severe Dengue had low levels of serum albumin. Multivariate analysis showed that early alterations of albumin i.e. out of 24 patients who developed severe dengue, 21 patients i.e. 92.7% had low albumin of <3gm/dlConclusions: Early changes in biochemical parameter, serum albumin can predict Severe Dengue in patients with Dengue febrile illness.

scholarly journals A study of thyroid dysfunction among elderly in a tertiary care hospital

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-453
Author(s):  
Sadhna Sharma ◽  
Biju Govind ◽  
T.S.A. Satyamaharshi ◽  
M.Divya Vani ◽  
, M. Shivshankar
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction and Aim: The prevalence of thyroid disorders all over the world is on the rise. However, the diagnosis is complicated among the elderlies due to factors such as non-specific clinical manifestations and interacting medications. The aim of the study is to estimate the prevalence and type of thyroid dysfunction among the elderly. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care teachinghospital. The study included 100 subjects aged above 60 years, of both genders. Data for clinical examination and biochemical tests such as T3, T4, TSH and lipid profile were collected. Reports of USG/FNAC, performed in cases of thyroid nodule, were also checked.Results:The prevalence of thyroid disorders was 22% of the study population. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were observed among 4% and 17% respectively, with 1% having hyperthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism was more common among women. No specific trend was observed with increasing age.TPO antibodies were positive among 73% of the cases. Patients with thyroid dysfunction had higher values of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL. The proportion of dyslipidemia was significantly higher among elderly with thyroid dysfunction as compared to people with no thyroid dysfunction (90.90% Vs 24.35%, P value < 0.001). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly is common. Strong clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases in elderly patients presenting with non-specific symptoms is needed. This would aid in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders among the elderly.

scholarly journals A clinicomycological study on chronic dermatophytosis in a tertiary care hospital in North India: An observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-380
Author(s):  
Rabiya Bashir ◽  
Naina Kala Dogra ◽  
Bella Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chronic Dermatophytosis

Background: Chronic dermatophytosis is a considerable challenge in routine clinical practice. There is, however, scarce information available in the literature on its extent and characteristics. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the host-related factors of chronic dermatophytosis and to identify the common fungal isolates. Methods: The study enrolled a total of 145 cases of chronic dermatophytosis attending the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu from November 2017 through October 2018. A detailed history was taken, followed by a clinical examination and investigations such as routine baseline investigations, an absolute eosinophil count, a wet mount for direct microscopy, and a fungal culture. Results: The most common presentation was tinea corporis with tinea cruris (33.1%), followed by tinea corporis alone. The majority of the patients (54.5%) had more than 20% of the body surface area involved. Most of the patients were manual workers (n = 44; 30.3%). The number of hours of sun exposure varied between 1 to 8.5 hours (mean ± SD: 3.53 ± 1.75 h). The fungal culture was positive in 65 (44.8%) patients. The most frequent isolates were Trichophyton mentagrophytes (53.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (38.5%). Conclusion: We found Trichophyton mentagrophytes the predominant pathogen in chronic dermatophytosis, followed by Trichophyton rubrum, which demonstrates a changing trend as far as the causative organism is considered. Besides, various risk factors for chronicity such as prolonged sun exposure, lack of proper hygiene, wearing tight-fitting synthetic clothes, the use of topical steroids, and non-compliance to treatment were identified.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of patients with hypertensive crisis in a tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India – A retrospective cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Navtej Singh ◽  
Tarun ◽  
Ravinder Pal ◽  
Ankit Chamoli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hypertensive Crisis ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Hypertensive Emergency ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Urgency ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: A hypertensive crisis may manifest as hypertensive emergency or urgency. Hypertensive emergency is characterized by target organ damage and poses immediate threat to life, a situation not seen in urgency. Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were as follows: (1) To determine the prevalence of hypertensive crisis classified as emergency, urgency, and pseudocrisis. (2) To assess the various systems (neurological, cardiovascular, and renal) affected in relation to a particular type of hypertensive crisis. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study comprised analysis of medical records of 100 patients of hypertensive crisis admitted to emergency unit of BPS Government Medical College and Hospital for Women, Sonepat, Haryana, India, in the 2 years period from January 2018 to December 2019 and study their prevalence among hospital emergencies and clinical presentation. Results: Total number of clinical emergencies analyzed during this time interval was 6666. The prevalence of hypertensive crisis accounted to 1.5% of all the clinical emergencies received. About 66% presented as hypertensive emergencies, 32% as hypertensive urgency, and 2% presented as hypertensive pseudocrisis. Males of the fifth decade of life while females of the sixth decade of life were most affected by hypertensive crisis. Headache (58%) followed by giddiness (44%) was the most common clinical presentation in the emergency. About 34% of patients had associated neurological deficit. Only 16% of patients had cardiovascular system involvement. Conclusion: Symptoms provided by patients in the emergency department are of paramount importance for the outcome of hypertensive crisis. Severe complication of hypertensive crisis can be prevented if hypertension is timely diagnosed and appropriately managed.

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