scholarly journals Participatory Silage Making and Hay and Silage Mixed Feeding Technology for Winter Feeding to Goats in Jumla, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
R.R. Gyawali ◽  
S. Yadav ◽  
D. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Control Male ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Daily Gain

This action research was carried out to demonstrate the method of silage making and its feeding, mixed with chopped hay to goats during feed scarcity periods as coping strategy for winter days in Jumla. Nine farmers took part in on-farm silage production and feeding trial. A total of 29 kids and 16 does as treatment group and 12 kids and 19 does of the similar age group and status as control were selected to compare the body weight gain. The normal practice of feeding was 3-4 hours of grazing daily, occasionally combined with tree fodder (Quercus sp.) in communal pastureland and offering hay for snowfall days in pens. In addition to this, treatment groups were supplemented with mixed silage and chopped hay at the rate of 2% of body weight on dry matter basis, half each from the silage and hay. The mixture was given daily early in the morning for 45 days from 25th of December to 10th of February, when the average minimum temperature dropped from -2.4 to -5.4° C. Goats consumed about 95% of the offered amount of silage whereas chopped hay was rejected by about 90%. The result showed that kids gained 0.49 kg with average daily gain of 10.88 g and does gained 2.44 kg with an average daily gain of 54.22 g for the treatment group. The difference between the initial and final body weight was positive for treatment group whereas it was negative for the control. Male kids grew faster by 8.6%, female kids by 6.7% and does by 12.6% for silage supplemented group compared to control. It indicated that proper fermented maize fodder silage can be obtained from pits prepared before winter and loss in body weight can be prevented by the supplementation of silage during cold days in high mountains when there is scarce of green forages.

scholarly journals Reserves to increase beef production and their use

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00005
Author(s):  
Leonid Kibkalo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sales Revenue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Special Diets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

The studies were carried out on three groups of superreplacement heifers of the Simmental breed, which were impregnated at the body weight of 360 kg. In the first group there were 32 unimpregnated heifers, in the second – 28 heifers, in the third – 30 heifers. The heifers of the first group after growing at the age of 18 months were taken for meat. 56 heifers gave the crop. The heifers were transferred for reproduction, and the bull-calves were put on cultivation and further fattening. To obtain well-fed animals, special diets were made so that the average daily gain was at least 650-700 g. After calving, the cows of the second group were taken for meat, and the cows of the third group were put on a 3-month fattening, and then taken for meat. The pre-slaughter weight of animals of the first group was 52 kg lower than that of animals of the second group and 104.7 kg lower than that of the third group. The difference was statistically significant at P>0.999. The interior fat mass was higher in the carcasses of cows of the second group by 1.1 and 3.2 kg compared to the animals of the third and first groups. The carcass yield was almost at the same level slightly ahead of the animals of the first group. Their slaughter yield was 60.1%, in other groups – 58.8-59.6%. The meatiness ratio was slightly higher in animals of the first group. The carcass weight of the first-calf heifers of the third group was 27.4 kg higher than that of the second group. Compared to the first group, this figure is higher by 52.6 kg. Specific carcass meat weight of the animals of the third group was 82.75%, which is higher than in the second and first groups by 0.41-0.85%, respectively. Heavy cowbanes weighing 32.6 and 40.4 kg were obtained from the animals. The skin of animals of the third group was 3.5-21.6 dm2 larger in area than of the animals of the second and first groups. Feeder bull-calves (n=27) had a removable mass of 532 kg. Heavy (282.3 kg) carcasses of good morphological composition were obtained from them. The sales revenue from first-calf heifers (second group) was higher than fattened heifers by 10.4%, and in comparison with fattened animals after calving (third group) it was lower by 9.4%. From the sale of one cow with a crop, 2.9 times more profit was received than from the sale of a heifer.

scholarly journals Effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides on production performance and gut health variables of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit K. Singh ◽  
Birendra Mishra ◽  
Michael R. Bedford ◽  
Rajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Total Period

Abstract Background This study evaluated the effects of supplemental xylanase and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 288 day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were allocated to 36 floor pens (8 birds/pen) equally in 9 dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments were combinations of 3 levels of xylanase (0, 0.005% and 0.01% Econase XT) and 3 levels of prebiotics (0, 0.005% and 0.01% XOS) added to basal mash diets formulated in three phases (starter, d 0–14; grower, d 15–28; finisher, d 29–42). The feed intake and body weights were recorded weekly. On d 42, ileal sections were collected for histomorphometric and gene expression analysis, and cecal content was collected for determining short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbiota. Results Xylanase linearly (P < 0.01) increased the average daily gain (ADG) in both the finisher and total period and the final body weight gain (FBWG, 2940 & 2932 vs. 2760 g) of broilers. XOS did not significantly increase either ADG or FBWG (P > 0.05). Supplemental xylanase and XOS did not affect average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Xylanase and XOS did not change villus height (VH) or crypt depth (CD) ratio (P > 0.05). However, xylanase exhibited a trend (P = 0.097) on VH:CD ratio. The inclusion of 0.01% XOS without xylanase increased the level of IL-10 (a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine) and IL-4 (a T-cell differentiation cytokine) genes compared with control (P < 0.05). The acetate production was increased by xylanase (P < 0.01) and XOS (P < 0.05) without an additive effect. Xylanase increased total SCFA (P < 0.01) while XOS had a tendency to increase (P = 0.052). Alpha and beta diversity of microbiota among treatments were not different (P > 0.05). However, the mean proportion of family Ruminococcaceae was increased by the supplemental 0.01% xylanase (P < 0.01). Conclusion It can be concluded that XOS can enhance cecal fermentation, while xylanase can increase the body weight gain along with the fermentation metabolites in the ceca of broilers fed the corn-SBM-based diet but the effects may not always translate into an improved mucosal absorptive capacity and a better feed efficiency.

scholarly journals THE WEIGHTS OF MALE CROSSBREED NURSING PIGLETS AFTER GIVEN FEED ENZYMES AND TURMERIC FLOUR

2019 ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
I Made Merdana ◽  
I Wayan Sudira ◽  
Gede Yuda Darmadi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feed Enzymes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of feed enzymes containing xylanase, amylase and protease with turmeric flour (Curcuma domestica) to increase the body weight of male crossbreed nursing piglets. Using a completely randomized design, thrty-two male crossbreed piglets aged four weeks weighing 7-9 kg were divided into four groups (P0, P1, P2 and P3) with eight replications. The enzymes and turmeric flour are given through feed for five weeks. Group P0 as a control given feed without treatment. Group P1 was given enzyme dose 0.1% of feed. Group P2 was given turmeric flour dose 1% of feed. Group P3 was given a combination of enzymes and turmeric flour with a dose 0.1% and 1% of feed. Data on absolute growth of piglets was obtained from the difference in weighing the initial with the final body weight. The mean of body weight gain as follows P0 = 14.81 ± 1.11; P1 = 15.99 ± 1.79; P2 = 16.94 ± 0.84 and P3 = 17.68 ± 1.62 kg. Statistical analysis showed that the addition of enzymes and turmeric flour through feed had a significant effect on the weight of the nursing piglets. The best results on the combination treatment of feed enzymes and turmeric flour with a dose of 0.1% and 1% of feed.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Maize-Nougcake Concentrate Based Sheep Fattening in Horro District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Berhanu Soboka ◽  
Effa Wolteji ◽  
Bayisa Gedefa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Initial Price

This activity was conducted in Horro district of western Oromia, Ethiopia with the objective of popularizing proven sheep fattening technology. The study sites were Leku and Gitilo kebeles where community based sheep breeding project is underway. The rams to be fattened were weighed; body condition was recorded, de-wormed and sprayed against internal and external parasites. Initial price of the rams was estimated by a panel of three price informed estimators. The rams were supplemented with 400 g/h/day concentrate composed of 49.5% Noug cake, 49.5% ground maize, 1% salt for 90 days fattening period. The mean initial weight, final weight, initial price and selling prices of the rams were 21.05 kg, 28.51 kg, 517 birr and 1577.5 birr, respectively. Total body weight gain (TWG) of the rams on average was 7.5 kg over the fattening period with a range of 4.5-13.5 kg. The average daily gain (ADG) for the fattening period was 83.3 g/h/ day. The difference between initial and final body weight (7.5 kg) and initial and final body condition (1.7 kg) were statistically significant (p=0.00) and (p=.04), respectively. On average, a net return of birr 456.7 was accrued to the farmers from sale of the fattened rams. An increase in input price by 10%, keeping the price of fattened rams constant would result in marginal return of 1.6 and a net return of 396 birr. The technology is still profitable on the face of the expected escalation in input prices. The escalation is counteracted by the current attractive sale price of fattened rams. It is thus important to go for further scaling up in areas where there is access to these inputs.

scholarly journals Body composition and net and dietary macrominerals requirements of Nellore steers under grazing

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Augusto César de Queiroz ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, K and Na) requirements of Nellore steers under grazing. Twenty four Nellore steers (371 ± 14 kg of BW and 26 mo old) were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), serving as a reference in subsequent study. The remaining 20 animals were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with four supplementation levels offer: 0.0 (mineral mixture - control), 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% of BW, with five replications. The supplements, based on ground corn, soybean meal and/or urea, were previously balanced to achieve an average daily gain of 350, 650 and 850g, respectively, for the different supplementation levels offer. The contents of macrominerals retained in the animal body were determined by regression equations of the macrominerals body content logarithm in function of the empty body weight logarithm (EBW). Net macrominerals requirements for a gain of 1kg of EBW were obtained using the equation Y'= b.10ª.Xb-1, with a and b, respectively, the intercept and the regression coefficient of the prediction equations of macrominerals in the animal body contents for each macromineral considered. The concentrations of all macrominerals, in the empty body weight and gain of the empty body weight, decreased with the increase in the body weight. Total calcium and phosphorus dietary requirements are higher than those recommended in the literature.

Corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based backgrounding beef cattle diets: Effect on growth and efficiency during the backgrounding and finishing periods

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Swanson ◽  
M. Ko ◽  
C. J. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based diets on backgrounding calf performance and subsequent feedlot performance. Crossbred steers [n = 48, initial body weight (BW) = 303 ± 3.4 kg] were individually fed dietary treatments consisting of: (1) haylage [17.5% crude protein, dry matter (DM) basis; control], (2) haylage + 20% (DM basis) cracked corn, and (3) haylage + 20% (DM basis) soybean hulls during a 112-d backgrounding period. After the backgrounding period, all steers were adapted to a common high moisture corn-based finishing diet and fed until an ultrasound estimated backfat thickness of 7 mm was obtained. During the backgrounding period, steers fed cracked corn or soybean hulls had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain:feed and lower (P = 0.05) plasma urea N as compared with controls. However, when finished on a common high-concentrate diet, steers previously fed cracked corn had greater (P < 0.08) average daily gain, final body weight, and longissimus muscle area than those fed soybean hulls, suggesting that source of supplemental energy during the backgrounding period may influence subsequent feedlot performance. Key words: Beef cattle, backgrounding, energy supplementation

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Aceh Jantan yang Diberi Imbangan Antara Hijauan dan Konsentrat di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Indrapuri

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunasri Usman ◽  
Eka Meutia Sari ◽  
Nuzul Fadilla
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Research Analysis

The evaluation of the Aceh cattle bulls weight which compensated between forage and concentrate at Superior Livestock Place in IndrapuriABSTRACT. This research was conducted at Superior Livestock Place in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar  which lasted for 42 days. It was started on November 28th 2012 until January 9th 2013. This research was aims to know about the average daily gain for Aceh cattle bulls which compensated between forage and concentrate by using 12 bulls aged 2-2,5 years old. The design was used a Randomized Design Groups with 4 feed treatments and 3 repetitions. The feed percentages between forage and concentrate are ration A (100% forages), B (80%)forages and 20% concentrates), C (60% forages and 40% concentrates), and D (40% forages and 60% concentrates). The research analysis data were obtained by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The parameters which observed in this study was the average daily gain, consumption, conversion, and efficiency rations. The result showed that the ration dry matter intake highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (4,45 Kg), and B (3,61 Kg), C (2,72 Kg), and D (3,38 Kg), but the treatment B and D highly significantly than treatment C (P0,01), the best ration consumption were derived from treatment C. The body weight Kg/bull/day significantly (P0,05) between treatment A (0,47 Kg) and B (0,65 Kg), C (0,60 Kg), and D (0,61 Kg), the best average daily gain were derived from treatment B. The conversion ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (9,55 Kg), and B (5,55 Kg), C (4,60 Kg), and D (5,59 Kg), the best ration conversion were derived treatment C. Similarly, the efficiency ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (0,11%), and B (0,18%), C (0,22%), and D (0,18%), C is the best ration efficiency on the treatment.

scholarly journals PSII-24 Performance, carcass and meat quality of castrated and intact Dorper lambs slaughtered at different body condition scores

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Edson Luis de A Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Fernandes Jr ◽  
Camila Constantino ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natália Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance, carcass and meat characteristics of castrated and intact Dorper male lambs slaughtered at three different body condition scores. Thirty-five lambs, approximately 3 months old, 21.6 ± 4.0 kg of body weight and 3.1 ± 0.5 of body condition score (BCS), were used. The BCS scale used varied from 1.0 (very thin) to 5.0 (very fat). Four weeks prior to the experiment, 17 lambs were castrated. Lambs were further divided into three groups, according to the criteria for slaughter: BCS of 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5. All animals received the same diet. BCS were achieved after 27, 84 and 130 days in feedlot, respectively. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between sexual conditions and slaughter criteria. Average daily gain of weight (ADG) was different (P < 0.05) for the three BCS (average of 0.263). However, final body weight (28.6 ± 1.7; 42.7 ± 1.8 and 56.8 ± 1.7 kg) and back fat thickness (0.5 ± 0.5; 4.2 ± 0.5 and 7.3 ± 0.5 mm) were different (P < 0.05) among BCS criteria, panelists found that meats from lambs slaughtered with greater fat content were less (P < 0.05) desirable. We can conclude by the performance and meat results that it is better to slaughter Dorper lambs with BCS with no more than 4.0, or 4.2 mm of back fat cover, and for the best acceptability of the meat the lambs should be castrated.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Viana Ferreira ◽  
Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa ◽  
Camila Schultz Marcolla ◽  
Marcos Henrique Soares ◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.

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