Analysis of Elasticity and Buoyancy and Projection of Tax in Nepal

Buoyancy refers to how tax revenue responds to a gross domestic product without correcting for discretionary alterations in the tax system. The paper assessed the buoyancy of Namibiaâ€™s overall tax system in an attempt to measure the response of the tax system in entirety because of fluctuations in the national income and/or the deliberate act by the government to increase tax rate, reviewed tax code and tax machinery etc. The study employed the Engle-Granger approach to the error correction model to estimate the tax buoyancy for the period 2001 to 2014. The empirical findings from the study revealed that overall the Namibian tax system is income inelastic and not buoyant. This is confirmed by a low and negative value of 0.036 which is less than unit. Thus, the economy is not generating sufficient revenue both through discretionary tax measure and through the expansion in the economic activities. Therefore, the government need to introduce measures that will allow for more tax revenue collection to have a stable revenue base. This also means the government need to keep track of tax mobilization with growth in the gross domestic product as well as to ascertain taxes that are productive.

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GST - Sway On Small Scale Industries

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i10.9331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (10) ◽

pp. 365-372

Author(s):

Jayanti.G ◽

Dr. V.Selvam

Keyword(s):

State Government ◽

Tax Reform ◽

Small Scale ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Tax System ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Single Tax ◽

The People ◽

Indirect Taxes ◽

The Government

India being a democratic and republic country, has witnessed the biggest indirect tax reform after much exploration, GST bill roll out on 1 April 2017. The concept of this reform is for a unified country-wide tax reform system. Enterprises particularly SMEs are caught in a state of instability. Several taxes such s excise, service tax etc., have been subsumed with a single tax structure. it is the responsibilities of both centre and state government to shoulder the important responsibility to cater the needs of the people and the nation as a whole. The main basis of income to the government is through levy of taxes. To meet the so called socio-economic needs and economic growth, taxes are considered as a main source of revenue for the government. As per Wikipedia “A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon tax payer by the government in order to fund various public expenditure” it is said that tax payment is mandatory, failure to pay such taxes will be punishable under the law. The Indian tax system is classified as direct and indirect tax. The indirect taxes are levied on purchase, sale, and manufacture of goods and provision of service. The indirect tax on goods and services increases its price, this can lead to inflationary trend. Contribution of indirect taxes to total tax revenue is more than 50% in India, therefore, indirect tax is considered as a major source of tax revenue for the government, which in turn is one of source for GDP growth. Though indirect tax is a major source of revenue, it had lot of hassles. To overcome the major issues of indirect tax system the government of India subsumed most of the indirect tax which in turn gave birth to the concept called Goods and Service Tax.

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Implikasi Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pengampunan Pajak (Tax Amnesty) Dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak

Hukum dan Masyarakat Madani ◽

10.26623/humani.v7i1.1019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Agus Saiful Abib ◽

Efi Yulistyowati ◽

Amri Panahatan Sihotang

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Short Term ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Tax Amnesty ◽

The Government ◽

To Come ◽

National Tax

Tahun 2016, pemerintah mengeluarkan kembali kebijakan Tax Amnesty yang dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak. Pengampunan Pajak (Tax Amnesty) ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dalam jangka pendek melalui pembayaran uang tebusan, meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dalam jangka panjang melalui perluasan basis data pemajakan, meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, transisi ke sistem perpajakan baru yang lebih kuat dan adil, dan mendorong rekonsiliasi perpajakan nasional. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, untuk mengetahui apakah program Tax Amnesty Indonesia Tahun 2016 berhasil atau tidak, khususnya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang : “Implikasi Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak (Tax Amnesty) dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak”. Adapun permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana implikasi penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak (Tax Amnesty) dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak ? Berdasarkan implikasi tersebut, maka bagaimana sebaiknya pengaturan perpajakan yang akan datang ? Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yang akan dikaji dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, spesifikasi penelitiannya diskriptif analitis, data yang dipergunakan data sekunder, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implikasi penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak (Tax Amnesty) dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, dan berdasarkan implikasi tersebut SE Dirjen Pajak No. SE - 06/PJ/2017 seharusnya tidak hanya untuk tahun pajak 2017 saja, tetapi juga untuk tahun-tahun yang akan datang. Di samping itu perlu ada peraturan yang mengatur tentang pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan hak Wajib Pajak.<pre>In 2016, the government re-issue the Tax Amnesty policy as outlined in Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amnesty. The Tax Amnesty is expected to increase tax revenue in the short term through ransom payments, increase tax revenues over the long term through the expansion of taxation databases, increase taxpayer compliance, transition to a stronger and more just tax system, and encourage national tax reconciliation. In relation to this matter, to find out whether the program of Tax Amnesty Indonesia Year 2016 succeed or not, especially in increasing taxpayer compliance, it is necessary to do research on: "Implications Implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amnesty in Improving Taxpayer Compliance ". The problem to be discussed is how the implications of the implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amendment (Tax Amnesty) in improving taxpayer compliance? Based on these implications, then how should the taxation arrangements to come? Based on the problem, this type of research is normative juridical which will be studied with the approach of legislation, the analytical descriptive research specification, the data used secondary data, which analyzed qualitatively. The result of the research shows that the implication of the implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amnesty can improve Taxpayer compliance, and based on the implication of SE Dirjen Pajak No. SE - 06 / PJ / 2017 should not only be for the fiscal year 2017 alone, but also for the years to come. In addition, there should be a regulation that regulates the supervision of the implementation of taxpayers' rights.</pre>

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Implications of Tax Revenue on Economy Growth in Nigeria

American International Journal of Economics and Finance Research ◽

10.46545/aijefr.v1i2.161 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-16

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Economy Growth ◽

Specific Objective ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Social Amenities ◽

The Relationship

The paper examined the implications of tax revenue on economy growth in Nigeria. The specific objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. Simple Regression was used to achieve the objective of this study. Secondary data will be sourced from International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics. It was revealed that there was a weak correlation between dependent and independent variable. It was also discovered that there was no significant relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that Government should formulate policies that will minimize the volume of tax leakages in order to increase total tax revenue that will contribute positively to economic growth in Nigeria. The study also recommends that Government should always make sure that tax revenue is spent on social amenities and welfares of the Nigerian citizens.

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Nepalese Tax Structure: An Analytical Perspective

JMC Research Journal ◽

10.3126/jmcrj.v7i1.34355 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

Madhav Khanal

Keyword(s):

Tax Evasion ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Tax Structure ◽

Tax System ◽

Doing Business ◽

Indirect Taxes ◽

Analytical Perspective ◽

Ease Of Doing Business ◽

The Government ◽

The One

Tax is the major source of revenue for the government, and development of any country’s economy largely depends on the tax structure it has adopted. A Tax structure which facilitates easy business and leaves no chance for tax evasion brings prosperity to a country’s economy. On the other hand, tax structure that has provisions for tax evasion and the one which does not facilitate ease of doing business shows down the economic growth. Nepal has a well-developed tax structure. The power to levy taxes and duties is distributed among the three tiers of the Government, in accordance to the constitutional provisions. Nepali tax system has gone through many reforms but still it is very far from being an ideal one. Many problems like tax evasion, reliance on indirect taxes, black money and existence of parallel economy show that Nepali tax system requires some major reforms in the future ahead to address all this problem. This study is purely based on secondary data. Various figures are obtained from different sources of the government of Nepal. It is seen that there is major dependence on indirect taxes than the direct taxes.

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Tax Incidence by Income Classes in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v28i1pp.13-26 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 13-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Hussain Malik ◽

Najam Us Saqib

Keyword(s):

Federal Government ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Tax Incidence ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Tax System ◽

Indirect Taxes ◽

Federal Taxes

In this study an attempt has been made to estimate the incidence of federal taxes, for the fiscal year 1978·79, on households belonging to different incomebrackets. All the major direct and indirect taxes have been studied. The tax system turns out to be slightly progressive for the country as a whole. For urban areas, it is slightly progressive, and for rural areas it is slightly regressive. Indirect taxes, a major source of the federal government tax revenue, are generally slightly regressive.

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Impact of Tax reforms in Government of Indias Indirect Tax Collections with Special Reference to Year 2000-2020

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2022.39791 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 139-147

Author(s):

CA Naveen Kumar Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Central Government ◽

Economic Liberalization ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Major Contributor ◽

Tax Reforms ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Indirect Taxes ◽

The Government ◽

Year 2000

Abstract: In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the implications of tax reforms after the economic liberalization in 1991 with respect to collection of indirect tax revenue of the Government of India during the last two decades (2000-20). The composition of indirect tax revenue of the Government has undergone a drastic change during the last two decades. Post implementation of the GST Act, the levy of Central Excise has been restricted to petroleum and tobacco products and GST has evolved as the major contributor to the indirect tax revenue collections followed by the Customs Duty. Comparative analysis of indirect tax collections of the Central Government with respect to its growth, share in gross tax revenue, percentage of GDP and composition has been done for the period from 2000-01 to 2019-20. The current study has revealed the growth rate of indirect taxes has not only been uneven but also declined during the year 2001-02, 2008-09 and 2009-10. The share of indirect tax in the gross tax revenue has also gradually declined from 63% in 2000-01 to 46% in 2019- 20%. The indirect tax-GDP ratio has remained stagnant in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 % during the last two decades.

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GDP and Tax Revenues-Causality Relationship in Developing Countries: Evidence from Palestine

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v8n4p54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Raed A. M. Iriqat ◽

Ahmad N. H. Anabtawi

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Government Expenditure ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Palestinian Authority ◽

Tax Revenues ◽

Causality Relationship ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

The study aims to investigate the causality relationship between Gross Domestic Product and its components with Tax revenues in developing countries as a case study in Palestine. This study based on an empirical approach using secondary data from Palestine monetary Authority during (1999-2014). The findings exposed mainly that the tax revenues does not Granger Cause each of the Palestinian Gross Domestic Product, Government spending, Consumption, Investment and Balance of trade. In addition, researcher divided period of study into three stages according to changing in income tax act. Moreover, results shows that the impact of macro-economic variables on tax revenues and correlations between dependent and independent variables was changing from one stage to other.This paper concludes that the Palestinian authority should motivate investment conditions and improve the tax collection instruments and decrease the tax invasion. In addition, Palestinian government should rationalize the government consumption spending and increase the government expenditure for the development.

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Implications of Tax Revenue on Economy Growth in Nigeria

American International Journal of Economics and Finance Research ◽

10.46545/aijefr.v1i2.66 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Samuel Olusegun James ◽

Adewole Joseph Adeyinka ◽

Idih Ogwu Emmanuel

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Economy Growth ◽

Specific Objective ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Social Amenities ◽

The Relationship

The paper examined the implications of tax revenue on economy growth in Nigeria. The specific objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. Simple Regression was used to achieve the objective of this study. Secondary data will be sourced from International Monetary Fund’s Government Finance Statistics. It was revealed that there was a weak correlation between dependent and independent variable. It was also discovered that there was no significant relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that Government should formulate policies that will minimize the volume of tax leakages in order to increase total tax revenue that will contribute positively to economic growth in Nigeria. The study also recommends that Government should always make sure that tax revenue is spent on social amenities and welfares of the Nigerian citizens.

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Productivity and Responsiveness of Tax Yields in Nepal

NUTA Journal ◽

10.3126/nutaj.v5i1-2.23452 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1-2) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

Bashu Dev Dhungel

Keyword(s):

Dominant Role ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Elasticity Coefficient ◽

Tax Base ◽

Revenue Collection ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

Log Linear

This study is based on secondary data published by the government of Nepal covering a period between 1990/91 and 2013/14 fiscal year. The various sources of revenue as a proportion of the GDP have been analyzed during this period. An adjusted revenue series have been prepared for total and the individual taxes by using the Sahota method of proportional adjustment. The Productivity and Responsiveness of taxes has been measured by estimating the elasticity and buoyancy co-efficient using double log linear regression equation. The findings reveal that indirect tax has been playing a dominant role for total tax revenue collection. Indirect tax is considered regressive in nature and is not justifiable on equity ground and progressiveness. Regarding elasticity and buoyancy, the elasticity coefficient of overall taxes are less than unity and it is inelastic in nature. But, buoyancy coefficient of overall taxes is greater than unity. This high buoyancy but low elasticity of all major tax heads signifies the need for additional government efforts of expanding the tax base to increase revenue and lower its resource gap.

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