Enigmatic Bosnia Matters: Coexistence in Bavljinje during the Light and Darkness of Yugoslavia’s War

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Cardzic ◽  
Sean Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
The Village

Constructive stories of coexistence during protracted interethnic conflict are rare; however, they have important implications for interethnic reconciliation and peacemaking (Senehi, 2002). The events that took place in the village of Bavljinje highlight the humanity displayed by neighbors in the midst of ethnic cleansing. Such stories illustrate that positive relationships can prevail in interethnic warfare and can be an important source of healing form the trauma of violent ethnic conflict. The story of Bavljinje also indicates the complexity of intergroup conflict and the need of such powerful metaphors in the postconflict peacebuilding process.

АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКОГО КОНФЛИКТА В ОШЕ В 2010 ГОДУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
D. A. Abgadzhava ◽  
A. S. Vlaskina
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
State Power ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Trigger Mechanisms

In this paper, there will be analyzed the determinants of the inter-ethnic conflict that occurred in the Fergana Valley in the Kyrgyz city of Osh in June 2010. In such a phenomenon as an inter-ethnic conflict, it is rather difficult to find out a single cause of events; it is rather a set of economic, social, demographic, cultural and historical factors that are in a particular political context. And by the summer of 2010 a political context was formed: as a result of the April coup, there was a change of elites in the state power, which led to the struggle for the redistribution of economic power and resources. And in the conditions of connections of power and economic structures with the criminals, that was clearly manifested in the country on the eve of the conflict, the contradictions became ethnic. Despite the fact that this ethnic conflict was the result of objective contradictions caused by lack of resources (primarily land), low living standards, demographic and social problems, namely the change of political power in the country, instability, the struggle of criminal and mafia structures for power and influence became the trigger mechanisms that produced violence. There are various versions claiming to explain the events of June 2010, as well as to evaluate the actions of official structures during the conflict. Thus, the Uzbek side claimed that the security forces were inactive, ignored the attacks, in turn, the official authorities argued that the conflict was aggravated by unknown, allegedly foreign mercenaries, besides the Kyrgyz side referred to the police’s unwillingness to such events in the first days of the conflict. Therefore, an analysis of the causes of interethnic conflict in Osh will make it possible to identify the main vectors of instability in society, to identify the main actors to which measures of state influence should be directed in order to prevent possible relapses.

scholarly journals “Under the Radar”: How is the Jewish–Arab Conflict Reflected in Internal Jewish Dialogue?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Lipaz Shamoa-Nir
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Arab Students

This study explores the role of intergroup conflict in the identity exploration process among 83 Jewish participants in a dialogue in a multicultural college in Israel. Thematic analysis has shown that the behavior of most of the participants has been affected by the Jewish–Arab conflict as follows: they centered on internal commonalities among Jewish subgroups; they neither engaged in conflict among Jewish subgroups nor explored their Jewish identities, and they expressed confusion regarding who the out-group was: the Jewish subgroups’ members or the Arab students in the college. These findings expand the knowledge about the identity exploration process in a social context of religious–ethnic conflict and may pose a practical contribution to the field of intergroup dialogues and conflict resolution in divided societies.   

scholarly journals Village guards as “in between” in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict: Re-examining identity and position in intergroup conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 925-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Gülsüm Acar
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
The Government ◽  
Kurdish Conflict ◽  
The Village

The current paper utilizes new approaches in intergroup conflict studies to examine the village guard system and its role in the Turkish-Kurdish conflict in Turkey. Recent work suggests that a two-group paradigm in researching intergroup conflict leaves out important contextual factors that influence trajectories and outcomes of conflict. The current paper is based on a project examining the views of 63 active and retired village guards in five provinces in eastern Turkey. Participants were asked how they became village guards, their experiences while holding the position and after they’ve retired, their relationship with neighbors and neighboring villages, as well as their views on the peace process and whether they believe a lasting peace is possible. Results indicate that village guards became guards either because their tribe took arms as a whole, they felt economically there were few other options, or were pressured by the state. Participants also reported feeling otherized by both non-village guard neighbors as well as state actors, and were generally positive about a peaceful outcome to the conflict but were concerned about the sincerity of the government.

Pyla: A Mixed Borderline Village under UN Supervision in Cyprus

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 353-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Local People ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Village ◽  
Mutual Responsibility

AbstractThis paper considers ethnic conflict within Cyprus involving Greeks, Turks and the United Nations. The focus for discussion is the village of Pyla on the 'Green Line' and the key question to be answered is: to whom does the border belong? The answer is that everyone in the village including the UN is involved in maintaining the boundary and thereby preventing ethnic violence breaking out. Procedures of everyday peace-making are carefully observed which prevent outsiders from stirring up trouble. However, this mutual responsibility is fraught with continuing tension between the three parties (Greek, Turkish and UN) created by the wider context of ethnic conflict at national and international levels. The best which the local people can hope for in current political conditions is the continuation of an uneasy balance between the three parties and a precarious containment of the endemic ethnic tension.

Teaching Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration Studies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Douglas Albert ◽  
Mary Frances Rosett Lebamoff
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
And Migration

A review of syllabi from members of the ethnicity, nationalism, and migration studies (ENMS) section of the International Studies Association shows that “teaching ethnic conflict” covers has several parts: the classical literature, main themes used in the classroom, including theories of ethnicity/nationalism, causes of ethnic conflict, responses, and regions of the world. One of the most prevalent themes in classical texts is identity formation. EMNS professors appear to focus on three approaches: primordialism, instrumentalism, and constructivism. It is assertable that each approach has dominated the discipline at specific times. While one approach may be the focal point of ENMS, each coexists with the others. The next most widely used topic in ENMS classrooms is theories of ethnic conflict. Ethnic conflict studies focus on in-group/out-group relationships and how the two conflict. Migration is also studied within the framework of ethnicity and nationalism, which may be attributed to their many interconnections. For example, the harsh treatment of ethnic minorities within a state may result in mass expulsion, ethnic cleansing, war, and even voluntary exile by the oppressed group. Government oppression may include mass violence, but also economic discrimination. This may result in ethnic peoples outside of their traditional homeland seeking asylum in another state that is friendlier to them.

R2P and the Role of Regional Organisations in Ethnic Conflict Management, Prevention and Resolution: The Unfinished Agenda

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carment ◽  
Martin Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
Regional Organisation

AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect (hereafter R2P) agendas have established a fairly high threshold for engagement by third parties in ethnic conflict when seen through the lens of direct intervention by means of force or coercion in order to mitigate overt forms of ethnic conflict such as ethnic cleansing and genocide. The absence of regional organisation activity in this area is understandable given the enormous political and financial costs associated with intervention. Yet the R2P agenda also carries with it a preventive component, and in this regard there is reason to be a little more optimistic. Ten years ago on the advice of the Brahimi Report, investments were made by most regional organisations to strengthen capacity for preventive action. In this article, we return to the question of whether and how regional organisations can or do conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the R2P's preventive component. The article unfolds in four sections. In the first part, we assess the role of regional organisations in implementing the R2P agendas. We begin with an identification of each regional organisation that either implicitly or explicitly references the R2P framework in their mandates, charters and doctrine. These organisations include the OSCE, the AU, the OAS, SAARC, ECOWAS, and ASEAN among others. Second, we provide a comparative framework that specifies the ways in which R2P is reflected in the activities of each regional organisation, with reference to capacity building, charter development, preventive diplomacy, direct engagement, and conflict management. This evaluative framework allows us to determine if there has been any shift in the way in which these organisations conduct themselves with respect to R2P principles. In the third part of the article we assess the Darfur case to illustrate our evaluative framework. The question we ask is: are the actions of the organisations involved in these conflicts consistent with R2P in its preventive as well as its interventionist interpretations? In the fourth and final section we conclude with implications for theory and policy and make some recommendations for future research.

Colonials, Marginals and Immigrants: Contributions to a Theory of Ethnic Stratification

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
To Come

Overt ethnic conflict is frequently accompanied by the observation that the conflict is not essentially rooted in ethnic differences but is primarilyeconomic in origin. Examples are not hard to come by; it has been madein regard to the American Negro situation, the Catholics in NorthernIreland and the Ugandan Asians, to name but three instances. The claim that economic differences underlie ethnic conflict raises the questions of whether all interethnic conflict can be accounted for within the framework of a conflict theory of social stratification, and this in turn raises the broader question of whether all types of interethnic relations, of conflict and harmony, assimilation, integration, separatism and segregation can be subsumed under a more general theory of stratification.

War, trauma and children's development: Observations from a modern evolutionary perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Belsky
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

Lethal intergroup conflict has been part of the human experience ever since our species emerged on the African savannah. Modern evolutionary thinking suggests that children's development could have evolved a variety of responses to it, some of which are highlighted upon considering, from the field of behavioural ecology, life-history theory and, derived from it, Belsky, Steinberg and Draper's (1991) evolutionary theory of socialization. This speculative essay examines the implications of such thinking, specifically with regard to insecure attachment, anxiety, depression, aggression, pubertal and sexual development, as well as mating and parenting. Considered, too, are issues of intergenerational transmission and variation in developmental reactivity to exposure to deadly political violence of the ethnic-cleansing variety in childhood.

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