scholarly journals The Acute Toxicity of Rutin in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Hayder B Sahib ◽  
Zeena Muhammad Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation

Acute toxicity is a step to evaluate the toxicity of a substance. Rutin is one of the flavonoid compounds with a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of the study is to calculate the lethal dose that affect fifty percent of the mice used in the experiment (LD50). Thirty Swiss albino male and 30 non-pregnant female mice have been divided equally and randomly into 5 treated groups and one control group (n=5)  Rutin has been administered with  concentrations 5, 2.5.1.25,0.625 and 0.312 g/kg administered as a single dose intraperitoneally (IP) while the control group received 1% DMSO (IP).  Animals were observed for any morbidity and mortality for 14 days. After 14 days the animal blood collected for biochemical and hematological analysis then all animals are euthanized for histopathological evaluation. The results showed the LD50 was 1.51 g/kg for male mice while for female mice was1.49 g/kg. No significant changes were observed at dose of 1.25glkg (female) and 0.625, 0.312 glkg (both sexes) in body weight measurements and in biochemical or hematological assays. Moreover no significant histopathological changes were reported   compared to control.. It can be concluded that Rutin is practically a non-toxic substance.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sapu Jagad (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.) pada Mencit Galur Mus muculus

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ira Safitri ◽  
Inayah Inayah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Per Oral

Sapu Jagad (Isotoma longiflora (L) Presl.) plant has been empirically used as traditional medicine. Some studies showthat this plant has pharmacological effects as antibiotic, anticancer, and analgetic. It is of importance to conduct studyin finding out the safetiness of this plant as herbal medicine. Therefore, we conducted study to find out lethal dose ofits leaves on mice (Mus muculus) using acute toxicity test. Several doses have been given to certain groups to find outits effect including death. The extract has been given one time per oral. Then, we recorded the clinical signs and deathof mice until 14 days. The data was analyzed using probit analysis to measure LD50. This study shows that ethanolextract of Sapu Jagad leaves has LD50 12.610 mg/kgBW and toxicity of central nervous system proven by seizureending with death. As conclusion, this extract has toxicity especially to central nervous system.

In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK oximes) against tabun and soman poisoning in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
D Swami ◽  
DP Nagar ◽  
KP Singh ◽  
J Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Protection Index

The study reports antidotal efficacy of three HNK [ bis quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives] and pralidoxime (2-PAM), against soman and tabun poisoning in Swiss albino mice. Protection index (PI) was determined (treatment doses: HNK oximes, ×0.20 of their median lethal dose (LD50) and 2-PAM, 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (im)) together with atropine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Probit log doses with difference of 0.301 log of LD50 of the nerve agents administered and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50% (IC50) was calculated at optimized time in brain and serum. Using various doses of tabun and soman (subcutaneously (sc)), in multiples of their IC50, AChE reactivation ability of the oximes was studied. Besides, acute toxicity (0.8× LD50, im, 24 h postexposure) of HNK-102 and 2-PAM was also compared by determining biochemical, hematological variables and making histopathological observations. Protection offered by HNK-102 against tabun poisoning was found to be four times higher compared to 2-PAM. However, nearly equal protection was noted with all the four oximes against soman poisoning. HNK-102 reactivated brain AChE activity by 1.5 times more than 2-PAM at IC50 dose of soman and tabun. Acute toxicity studies of HNK-102 and 2-PAM showed sporadic changes in urea, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, and so on compared to control group, however, not supported by histopathological investigations. The present investigation showed superiority of newly synthesized HNK-102 oxime over standard 2-PAM, as a better antidote, against acute poisoning of tabun (4.00 times) and soman (1.04 times), in Swiss albino mice.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MALAKA (Phyllantus emblica) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus). (Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) Leaves on Mice (Mus musculus))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
T. Armansyah TR ◽  
Sudi Indriany ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicity Symptom ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to asses the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves using lethal dose 50 (LD50) on mice (Mus musculus). Twenty male mice weighing between 20-30 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (group K1-K4) of 5 mice each. All mice in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 were administered ethanolic extract of malaka leaves with the dose of 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg bw, respectively. Single dose of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves were given by oral gavage prior to clinical observation . The observation period was 14 days post administration, for sign of toxicity symptom, weight loss, and mortality. The result showed that no mortality was observed in the experimental animals during this study. Slight reduction of body weight was observed in group K2, K3, and K4, and no toxicity sign was found during fourteen days of observation. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves was higher than 16 g/kg body weight, thus, the substance was practically non toxic substance.

scholarly journals TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽  
Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Testing of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) on Histopathological Imaging of the Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ainge Rasbina Br Saragih ◽  
Fiska Maya Wardhani ◽  
Erny Tandanu ◽  
Rico Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Turmeric Extract

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a type of plant whose extract contains compounds that can inhibit carcinogenesis. Acute toxicity test was conducted to determine the safe dose and lethal dose (LD) 50 from the use of a drug substance. This research aimed to determine the effect of the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on the histopathological imaging of the lungs. This study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into six groups. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA statistical test, while for lung histopathology using ordinal data which were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on Wistar rats was not toxic and there was no death and no toxic symptoms and no necrosis, congestion and inflammation were found on the histopathological picture of the lungs.

scholarly journals GRAMIN AND ITS TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
A.A. Ivanovskiy ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Timkina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Low Toxic ◽  
Student’S T

The aim of the research was to study the acute and subchronic toxicity of the drug gramine in white mice. The micromycete Drechslera graminea served as the basis for the creation of the gra-mine preparation. Experiments to determine the acute toxicity of the preparation gramine were car-ried out on outbred white mice (males) weighing 18-20 grams. The drug was administered to ani-mals intraperitoneally, once in doses from 400 to 2400 mg/kg. 6 mice were used for each dose. The condition of the animals was monitored for 14 days. The dose causing the death of 50 % of the an-imals (LD50) and the absolutely lethal dose (LD100) were determined. LD50 was calculated by the Kerber method. The study of subchronic toxicity of gramine was carried out for 30 days. The drug was administered to 10 mice intramuscularly daily, in the first 4 days, gramine was injected at a dose of 0.1 LD50, and then every 4 days the dose was increased 1.5 times and finally it was 1520 mg/kg. To determine the cumulative properties of the drug in white mice, a "subchronic toxicity" test was used. The reliability of the results obtained was taken into account in accordance with the Student's t-criterion at P <0.05. As a result, it was found that the average lethal dose (LD 50) of gramine for white mice is 1334 mg/kg, LD 100 - 2400 mg/kg. Studies of the subchronic toxicity of gramine showed that doses of the drug from 133 to 450 mg/kg did not cause significant changes in the behavioral responses of laboratory mice, and a pronounced toxigenic effect began to appear at a dose of 675 mg/kg and continued to increase after a further increase in doses of gramine (1013-1520 mg/kg), while causing mortality reaching the level of 50 %. It was found that gramine with intraperi-toneal administration of the LD50 of gramine for white mice corresponds to 1334 mg/kg, which al-lows the drug to be classified as a low-toxic substance. The cumulation coefficient of gramine is 1.14, which corresponds to the group of drugs with pronounced cumulation.

scholarly journals In vivo antiplasmodial potential of aqueous seed extract of Ricinus communis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Peace ME. Ubulom ◽  
Ette O. Ettebong ◽  
Edidiong J. Udofia ◽  
Rachel S Inyang Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Introduction: Ricinus communis is used by the people of Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, for the treatment of various ailments, especially malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial potentials of the aqueous seed extract of R. communis, using Plasmodium berghei berghei. Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract. Antiplasmodial effect of the extract was assessed in suppressive, repository/ prophylactic and curative models, using Swiss albino mice (15-29 g). Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of parasitized blood. Extract doses administered were 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and each dose had 6 replicates. Artesunate (5 mg/kg/d) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg/d) were used as standard drugs, while distilled water (10 mL/kg/d) served as control. Results: Acute toxicity study produced LD50 of 547.72 mg/kg. The extract demonstrated a dosedependent reduction in parasitaemia in all tests. At the end of 4-day test, suppressive effect of 20.80, 49.00, 75.00 and 88.40% were obtained for doses 54.77, 109.54 and 164.32 mg/kg/d of the seed extract and artesunate, respectively. In the repository test pyrimethamine was more potent (72.26%) than the seed extract (9.47%–51.42%). The extract also exhibited appreciable curative effect. The activity of the seed extract was significant when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Mice treated with the seed extract and drugs survived for longer duration than the control group. Conclusion: The aqueous seed extract of R. communis has antiplasmodial potential and its active principle should be elucidated and further investigated to help in the ongoing fight against malaria.

scholarly journals Anaesthetic properties of ketamine in chicks stressed with hydrogen peroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
YJ Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Stressed Group

The goal of this study was to examine the effect of oxidative stress (OS) induced with hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) on the anaesthetic properties of ketamine in seven and 14 day-old broiler chicks. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>(0.5%) induced OS through significant inhibition of glutathione (GSH) and elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the brain of chicks in comparison to control (tap water) group. The hypnotic and analgesic median effective doses (ED<sub>50s</sub>) decreased by 44% and 19%, respectively, in the stressed group compared to control group of chicks. On the other hand, the acute toxicity of ketamine increased through decreasing the acute median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) (22%) in stressed chicks as determined by the up-and-down method. Injection of multiple ketamine doses at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.m. produced hypnotic effects for both groups of chicks depending on the dose, whereas H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> caused an increase in ketamine hypnotic efficacy in comparison to the control group. In the same manner, the antinociceptive effect of ketamine increased in the stressed chicks that underwent electrostimulation for pain induction. Both AST and ALT concentrations in the plasma were significantly elevated in the stressed group when compared to the control group. The results of this study suggest that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced OS modifies the anaesthetic properties of ketamine in chicks by increasing its efficacy and acute toxicity probably through its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions; thus, care must be taken when stressed animals are undergoing anaesthesia with ketamine. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Acute toxicity test of 96% ethanol extract of Syzygium myrtifolium leaves in white mice (Mus musculus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Lusi Indriani ◽  
E. Mulyati Effendi ◽  
Kevin Christofer Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: Acute toxicity effects appear within a short time following the oral administration of either a single dose or repeated doses of toxin within 24 hours. Acute toxicity testing involves the administration of a range of doses across several groups of experimental animals with one dose administered per group, followed by the observation of toxic effects and mortality. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and acute toxicity of an ethanol extract of Syzygium myrtifolium leaves in white mice. Methods: Exposed groups consisted of a negative control group (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) and four treatment groups (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight (bw)). Mortality was observed for 14 days following oral administration. Results: The results demonstrated an LD50 of 1995 mg/kg bw, categorised as moderately toxic. Observed toxic effects included white lesions in the lungs, blackened liver, organ swelling, and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity and thorax.

scholarly journals Effect of saponin on mortality and histopathological changes in mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
F. H. Diwan ◽  
I. A. Abdel Hassan ◽  
S. T. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Histopathological Effects

We evaluated the acute toxicity and histopathological effects of saponin [extracted from the plant Citrullus colocynthis] on mice in order to assess its safety. The median lethal dose [LD50]of the saponin was 200 mg/kg. The histological changes were confined to the small intestine, liver and kidney, whereas the stomach, large intestine and heart appeared normal. The changes in the small intestine included haemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa. In addition, hepatorenal damage resulted from necrosis of liver cells and renal tubules

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